Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808529
Á. Espín-Delgado, J. Sutaria, R. A. de Oliveira, S. Rönnberg
Supraharmonics (waveform distortion between 2 and 150 kHz) proliferate in electrical installations due to the increasing use of power electronics converters and power-line communication. Due to the wide range that the supraharmonics cover and the high frequency resolution needed to measure them, a considerable amount of data is acquired. The analysis is usually done manually by experts. More efficient methods for data mapping and analysis are needed. Machine learning methods are explored in this paper for the analysis of supraharmonics data.
{"title":"Application of Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction Methods for Finding Patterns on Supraharmonics Data","authors":"Á. Espín-Delgado, J. Sutaria, R. A. de Oliveira, S. Rönnberg","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808529","url":null,"abstract":"Supraharmonics (waveform distortion between 2 and 150 kHz) proliferate in electrical installations due to the increasing use of power electronics converters and power-line communication. Due to the wide range that the supraharmonics cover and the high frequency resolution needed to measure them, a considerable amount of data is acquired. The analysis is usually done manually by experts. More efficient methods for data mapping and analysis are needed. Machine learning methods are explored in this paper for the analysis of supraharmonics data.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128374595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808543
D. Sabin, Mathew Norwalk, K. Kittredge, Steven Johnston
This paper describes the status of important power quality standards and technical reports recently developed by IEEE working groups. These working groups focus on issues related to harmonics, interharmonics, flicker, voltage imbalance, voltage sag indices, data exchange formats, data analytics, grid modernization, power quality solutions, distributed energy resources (DER), and inverter-based resources (IBR). The paper provides a preview of future standards related to power quality being developed by the IEEE.
{"title":"IEEE Power Quality Standards","authors":"D. Sabin, Mathew Norwalk, K. Kittredge, Steven Johnston","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808543","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the status of important power quality standards and technical reports recently developed by IEEE working groups. These working groups focus on issues related to harmonics, interharmonics, flicker, voltage imbalance, voltage sag indices, data exchange formats, data analytics, grid modernization, power quality solutions, distributed energy resources (DER), and inverter-based resources (IBR). The paper provides a preview of future standards related to power quality being developed by the IEEE.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132899940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808565
Rafael S. Salles, S. Rönnberg
The paper aims to present a waveform distortion analysis focused on interharmonics in measurements from a 70 kV busbar feeding a traction supply substation with four static frequency converters (SFC). The substation supplies a Swedish catenary system from 50 Hz public grid to 15 kV 16 ⅔ Hz. The paper assesses the interharmonics for different scenarios regarding the point of a connection configuration between the traction substation and the upstream grid, as well as a change in the number of SFCs connected in the substation. The IEC 61000-4-7 grouping method and spectrograms were used to illustrate the issue. The significant presence of interharmonics calls attention to the subject in railway application. The total indexes help to evaluate the broad picture of the phenomena. The work contributes to the waveform distortion and interharmonics in railway systems studies.
{"title":"Interharmonic Analysis for Static Frequency Converter Station Supplying a Swedish Catenary System","authors":"Rafael S. Salles, S. Rönnberg","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808565","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to present a waveform distortion analysis focused on interharmonics in measurements from a 70 kV busbar feeding a traction supply substation with four static frequency converters (SFC). The substation supplies a Swedish catenary system from 50 Hz public grid to 15 kV 16 ⅔ Hz. The paper assesses the interharmonics for different scenarios regarding the point of a connection configuration between the traction substation and the upstream grid, as well as a change in the number of SFCs connected in the substation. The IEC 61000-4-7 grouping method and spectrograms were used to illustrate the issue. The significant presence of interharmonics calls attention to the subject in railway application. The total indexes help to evaluate the broad picture of the phenomena. The work contributes to the waveform distortion and interharmonics in railway systems studies.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130831046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808657
P. E. T. Martins, M. Oleskovicz
Utilities are already concerned about power quality monitoring. Several papers proposed strategies to choose the best locations to install power quality monitors, minimizing the investment cost while guaranteeing observability of power quality disturbances, mostly voltage sags. Although several papers stud-ied this problem in power transmission systems, many problems remain unsolved for power distribution systems, such as power quality monitors allocation in unbalanced distribution systems, the impact of distributed generation in allocation methods, and allocation of power quality monitor for fault location. This paper makes contributions in all these three points. It proposes a multi-objective binary integer linear programming model for unbalanced systems, which is still suitable for power transmission systems. Furthermore, we analyze the connection/disconnection of a distributed generator, and our tests showed no need to change allocation regardless of the generator connection status. Finally, the allocation method reduced the multiple estimation problem; therefore, meter-based fault location methods could improve their performance with our allocation.
{"title":"Multi-objective Optimization Aiming to Minimize the Number of Power Quality Monitors and Multiple Fault Estimations in Unbalanced Power Distribution Systems","authors":"P. E. T. Martins, M. Oleskovicz","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808657","url":null,"abstract":"Utilities are already concerned about power quality monitoring. Several papers proposed strategies to choose the best locations to install power quality monitors, minimizing the investment cost while guaranteeing observability of power quality disturbances, mostly voltage sags. Although several papers stud-ied this problem in power transmission systems, many problems remain unsolved for power distribution systems, such as power quality monitors allocation in unbalanced distribution systems, the impact of distributed generation in allocation methods, and allocation of power quality monitor for fault location. This paper makes contributions in all these three points. It proposes a multi-objective binary integer linear programming model for unbalanced systems, which is still suitable for power transmission systems. Furthermore, we analyze the connection/disconnection of a distributed generator, and our tests showed no need to change allocation regardless of the generator connection status. Finally, the allocation method reduced the multiple estimation problem; therefore, meter-based fault location methods could improve their performance with our allocation.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"2007 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130937645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808783
M. Meinck, A. Blanco, S. Kannan, Jan Meyer, A. Pavas
Importance of harmonic interactions between installations containing power-electronic based sources and loads has grown in recent years. Such interactions of voltage and current harmonics within a typical low-voltage network and an islanded microgrid with different LEDs are analyzed in this paper. The analysis is based on measurements of two laboratory setups representing a LV network and microgrid with an island-capable power electronic source. The interactions between voltage and current harmonics, which are mainly dependent on the frequency dependent network impedance, are analyzed. The differences between the harmonic interactions in typical networks and in power-electronic based networks are discussed.
{"title":"Harmonic interaction of LED lamps in islanded microgrids","authors":"M. Meinck, A. Blanco, S. Kannan, Jan Meyer, A. Pavas","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808783","url":null,"abstract":"Importance of harmonic interactions between installations containing power-electronic based sources and loads has grown in recent years. Such interactions of voltage and current harmonics within a typical low-voltage network and an islanded microgrid with different LEDs are analyzed in this paper. The analysis is based on measurements of two laboratory setups representing a LV network and microgrid with an island-capable power electronic source. The interactions between voltage and current harmonics, which are mainly dependent on the frequency dependent network impedance, are analyzed. The differences between the harmonic interactions in typical networks and in power-electronic based networks are discussed.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125578942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808649
Younes Mohammadi, M. Bollen
Online locating of voltage sag sources requires fast and accurate methods. In this context, this paper describes and compares the positive-sequence phasor-based (PB) and instantaneous-based (IB) methods during both transient and steady-state periods of voltage sags caused by grid faults and transformer energizing (TE). The methods are evaluated by applying 1992 voltage sags in a Brazilian power network. For fault cases, PB methods work better than IB. Some methods perform well within the transient period, and some do not work good enough and need improvements for online applications. For TE cases, IB methods are ahead of PB and most IB methods work very well in a half-cycle window of the transient period, whereas the PB methods must be improved. Regardless of the sag sources, the real current component method using IB values during the half-cycle window of transient period is the best method currently available, which can be used in online applications.
{"title":"Voltage Sag Source Location Methods' Performance during Transient and Steady-state Periods","authors":"Younes Mohammadi, M. Bollen","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808649","url":null,"abstract":"Online locating of voltage sag sources requires fast and accurate methods. In this context, this paper describes and compares the positive-sequence phasor-based (PB) and instantaneous-based (IB) methods during both transient and steady-state periods of voltage sags caused by grid faults and transformer energizing (TE). The methods are evaluated by applying 1992 voltage sags in a Brazilian power network. For fault cases, PB methods work better than IB. Some methods perform well within the transient period, and some do not work good enough and need improvements for online applications. For TE cases, IB methods are ahead of PB and most IB methods work very well in a half-cycle window of the transient period, whereas the PB methods must be improved. Regardless of the sag sources, the real current component method using IB values during the half-cycle window of transient period is the best method currently available, which can be used in online applications.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122291730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808582
Johannes Lambrechts, J. Beukes
There is a technical limitation to the measurement of supraharmonics (frequency disturbances between 2 - 150 kHz), where the amplitude of the supraharmonics relative to the 50 Hz fundamental component is too small for measurement instruments to be able to measure it. An active high pass filter was designed to enable accurate measurements of supraharmonics by attenuating the 50 Hz fundamental component and passing through the frequencies in the supraharmonic range. The filter enabled the measurement of a signal from an amplitude of 5 µV on top of a 325 V signal.
{"title":"Active High Pass Filter for the Measurement of Supraharmonics","authors":"Johannes Lambrechts, J. Beukes","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808582","url":null,"abstract":"There is a technical limitation to the measurement of supraharmonics (frequency disturbances between 2 - 150 kHz), where the amplitude of the supraharmonics relative to the 50 Hz fundamental component is too small for measurement instruments to be able to measure it. An active high pass filter was designed to enable accurate measurements of supraharmonics by attenuating the 50 Hz fundamental component and passing through the frequencies in the supraharmonic range. The filter enabled the measurement of a signal from an amplitude of 5 µV on top of a 325 V signal.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"341 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115968682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808625
J. J. Melero, Joan Bruna, J. Leiva
The increasing use of distributed energy generation and storage has led to local direct current (DC) trial grids as an extension to traditional AC distribution networks. Like AC grids, DC grids must fulfil Power Quality (PQ) limits to guarantee a reliable operation for an acceptable quality of supply. However, knowledge about PQ in public DC systems is lacking, as is the related metrology and standardisation. On-site measurements have not yet been performed with sufficiently high accuracy and sampling rate to capture fast phenomena and broadband disturbances to determine the nature of the PQ phenomena occurring in such grids. In this sense, this paper shows a small part of the Living Lab of Smartcity Málaga, a real low-voltage DC grid property of Endesa, where the authors will carry out on-site metrology-grade measurement of the key parameters of the DC grid by mid-2022. This will provide dynamic voltage and current signals in the grid which help the scientific community to know the existent DCPQ phenomena in the grids. To this purpose, different operating modes of the micro-grid will be tested during the duration of the measurement campaign.
{"title":"On-site PQ Measurements in a Real DC Micro-grid","authors":"J. J. Melero, Joan Bruna, J. Leiva","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808625","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of distributed energy generation and storage has led to local direct current (DC) trial grids as an extension to traditional AC distribution networks. Like AC grids, DC grids must fulfil Power Quality (PQ) limits to guarantee a reliable operation for an acceptable quality of supply. However, knowledge about PQ in public DC systems is lacking, as is the related metrology and standardisation. On-site measurements have not yet been performed with sufficiently high accuracy and sampling rate to capture fast phenomena and broadband disturbances to determine the nature of the PQ phenomena occurring in such grids. In this sense, this paper shows a small part of the Living Lab of Smartcity Málaga, a real low-voltage DC grid property of Endesa, where the authors will carry out on-site metrology-grade measurement of the key parameters of the DC grid by mid-2022. This will provide dynamic voltage and current signals in the grid which help the scientific community to know the existent DCPQ phenomena in the grids. To this purpose, different operating modes of the micro-grid will be tested during the duration of the measurement campaign.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121483382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808728
A. Collin, R. Langella, A. Testa, S. Yanchenko
This paper presents a power dependent frequency domain model (FDM) of an inverter-driven heat pump (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) system for use in power system harmonic analysis. The FDM approach considered is the frequency coupling matrix (FCM) technique. Starting from a previously presented and experimentally validated time domain model (TDM), a detailed study on the impact of the operating power on the input current produces a set of FCMs. It is shown that the power dependent changes in the FCM elements can be accurately approximated using a polynomial function. As a consequence of this result, the power dependent changes are incorporated into the FDM using two different implementations - a (discretized) look-up table and simple (continuous) analytical functions - and compared. Monte Carlo Simulations confirm the ability of the power dependent FDMs to reproduce the input current characteristics of the TDM.
{"title":"Development of a Power Dependent Frequency Domain Model of an Inverter-driven Heat Pump","authors":"A. Collin, R. Langella, A. Testa, S. Yanchenko","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808728","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a power dependent frequency domain model (FDM) of an inverter-driven heat pump (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) system for use in power system harmonic analysis. The FDM approach considered is the frequency coupling matrix (FCM) technique. Starting from a previously presented and experimentally validated time domain model (TDM), a detailed study on the impact of the operating power on the input current produces a set of FCMs. It is shown that the power dependent changes in the FCM elements can be accurately approximated using a polynomial function. As a consequence of this result, the power dependent changes are incorporated into the FDM using two different implementations - a (discretized) look-up table and simple (continuous) analytical functions - and compared. Monte Carlo Simulations confirm the ability of the power dependent FDMs to reproduce the input current characteristics of the TDM.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121768025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808558
E. Strunz, O. Zyabkina, Jan Meyer
Power electronic devices cause harmonic distortion that can have a negative effect on both the grid and the consumer side. Therefore, network operators conduct extensive measurement campaigns to monitor power quality and to identify problems at early stage. Due to the tremendous amount of measurement data, manual inspection is usually limited to simple analysis. As a result, the majority of useful information in the data stays unused and automatic methods are needed to process the big amount of measurement data effectively and to analyze them in depth. In this paper, five machine learning methods are used for automatic classification of daily patterns in current and voltage harmonics. The methods are described and applied to four data sets. Methods performance is evaluated and compared using four indices. This paper shows that both supervised and unsupervised methods can be successfully applied to harmonic measurement data, however with some limitations.
{"title":"Application of Machine Learning Methods for Recognition of Daily Patterns in Power Quality Time Series","authors":"E. Strunz, O. Zyabkina, Jan Meyer","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808558","url":null,"abstract":"Power electronic devices cause harmonic distortion that can have a negative effect on both the grid and the consumer side. Therefore, network operators conduct extensive measurement campaigns to monitor power quality and to identify problems at early stage. Due to the tremendous amount of measurement data, manual inspection is usually limited to simple analysis. As a result, the majority of useful information in the data stays unused and automatic methods are needed to process the big amount of measurement data effectively and to analyze them in depth. In this paper, five machine learning methods are used for automatic classification of daily patterns in current and voltage harmonics. The methods are described and applied to four data sets. Methods performance is evaluated and compared using four indices. This paper shows that both supervised and unsupervised methods can be successfully applied to harmonic measurement data, however with some limitations.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127683135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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