Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808615
N. Nakhodchi, M. Bollen
This paper presents the impact of load impedance uncertainty on harmonic source and transfer impedance and consequently on harmonic propagation in distribution networks. A generic MV/LV model of the network and a more detailed model of an existing network are used. Both models include MV network and remote LV customers. Utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation method, it is shown that variation in load impedance has a big impact on the main resonant frequency of the local network but only limited influence on resonant frequency caused by remote loads connected to other LV networks.
{"title":"Including Load Impedance Uncertainty in Harmonic Impedance Seen from a Low-voltage Customer","authors":"N. Nakhodchi, M. Bollen","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808615","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the impact of load impedance uncertainty on harmonic source and transfer impedance and consequently on harmonic propagation in distribution networks. A generic MV/LV model of the network and a more detailed model of an existing network are used. Both models include MV network and remote LV customers. Utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation method, it is shown that variation in load impedance has a big impact on the main resonant frequency of the local network but only limited influence on resonant frequency caused by remote loads connected to other LV networks.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125353619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808546
G. Balaban, G. Lazaroiu, V. Dumbrava, N. Golovanov, M. Roscia
This paper deals with the analysis of the Bucharest Metropolitan area in terms of compliance with power quality levels. In the Bucharest area, end users are affected by unplanned interruptions, which occur as a result of unapproapriate maneuvers or improper operation of the electricity network. The presence of a very large number of electric cables leads to the difficulty of maintaining the voltage level within acceptable limits. In a developed network with many elements that contribute to busbars fault levels, it is very important how the network operates, for example the use of a radial power supply diagram for users.
{"title":"Impact of Urbanization Development on Power System Operation","authors":"G. Balaban, G. Lazaroiu, V. Dumbrava, N. Golovanov, M. Roscia","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808546","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the analysis of the Bucharest Metropolitan area in terms of compliance with power quality levels. In the Bucharest area, end users are affected by unplanned interruptions, which occur as a result of unapproapriate maneuvers or improper operation of the electricity network. The presence of a very large number of electric cables leads to the difficulty of maintaining the voltage level within acceptable limits. In a developed network with many elements that contribute to busbars fault levels, it is very important how the network operates, for example the use of a radial power supply diagram for users.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121437345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808715
F. Pilo, G. Pisano, S. Ruggeri, G. G. Soma, D. Falabretti, S. Grillo, F. Gulotta
Low voltage (LV) distribution networks mainly feed single-phase customers. Even if the end-users of a given LV network may have similar electrical behaviors, unbalances among the three-phase loading are extremely common. This issue is exacerbated by the appearance of new single-phase intensive and often coincident loads, such as the electric vehicles’ residential charging stations. In this work, a methodology is proposed to evaluate the effects of residential charging on the quality of supply voltage of LV grids. Then, a decentralised approach is proposed, based on the multi-agent system technology, which allows the different flexibility resources available on the grid to act together to achieve a global goal. In the scenario analysed, the agents cooperate to regulate the network nodal voltage, taking into account the characteristics of the resources they are controlling and the needs of distributed energy resources’ owners. A case study derived from a real portion of the Italian distribution system demonstrates the validity of the approach in solving the network operation criticalities (i.e., voltage regulation issues, line congestions, voltage unbalances, etc.).
{"title":"Impact of Electrical Vehicle Residential Charging Stations on the Quality of the Low Voltage Network Supply","authors":"F. Pilo, G. Pisano, S. Ruggeri, G. G. Soma, D. Falabretti, S. Grillo, F. Gulotta","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808715","url":null,"abstract":"Low voltage (LV) distribution networks mainly feed single-phase customers. Even if the end-users of a given LV network may have similar electrical behaviors, unbalances among the three-phase loading are extremely common. This issue is exacerbated by the appearance of new single-phase intensive and often coincident loads, such as the electric vehicles’ residential charging stations. In this work, a methodology is proposed to evaluate the effects of residential charging on the quality of supply voltage of LV grids. Then, a decentralised approach is proposed, based on the multi-agent system technology, which allows the different flexibility resources available on the grid to act together to achieve a global goal. In the scenario analysed, the agents cooperate to regulate the network nodal voltage, taking into account the characteristics of the resources they are controlling and the needs of distributed energy resources’ owners. A case study derived from a real portion of the Italian distribution system demonstrates the validity of the approach in solving the network operation criticalities (i.e., voltage regulation issues, line congestions, voltage unbalances, etc.).","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130371955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808804
Kazi Main Uddin Ahmed, M. Bollen, M. Alvarez, S. S. Letha
The internal power condition system (IPCS) in data centers is prone to have cable faults that cause voltage dips and swells. The voltage dips and swells impact the power supply units (PSUs) with the servers. The servers connected with the PUSs restart or turn-off when the input voltage comes out of the voltage-tolerance range. This paper analyses the impact of such voltage disturbances on server outages due to a single-phase fault in the IPCS. The voltage-tolerance range of the PSUs is considered according to the guideline of the Information Technology Industry Council (ITIC). The voltage dip propagates to the healthy load sections from the fault location, while voltage swells are also observed due to sudden load reduction. Moreover, the current limitation mode of the inverter in the uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is identified as a cause of voltage dip to almost zero experienced by the PSUs. The reliability of the data center considering the outage probability of the servers are finally quantified to show the impacts of the voltage dips and swells in the IPCS.
{"title":"The Impacts of Voltage Disturbances Due to Faults In the Power Supply System of A Data Center","authors":"Kazi Main Uddin Ahmed, M. Bollen, M. Alvarez, S. S. Letha","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808804","url":null,"abstract":"The internal power condition system (IPCS) in data centers is prone to have cable faults that cause voltage dips and swells. The voltage dips and swells impact the power supply units (PSUs) with the servers. The servers connected with the PUSs restart or turn-off when the input voltage comes out of the voltage-tolerance range. This paper analyses the impact of such voltage disturbances on server outages due to a single-phase fault in the IPCS. The voltage-tolerance range of the PSUs is considered according to the guideline of the Information Technology Industry Council (ITIC). The voltage dip propagates to the healthy load sections from the fault location, while voltage swells are also observed due to sudden load reduction. Moreover, the current limitation mode of the inverter in the uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is identified as a cause of voltage dip to almost zero experienced by the PSUs. The reliability of the data center considering the outage probability of the servers are finally quantified to show the impacts of the voltage dips and swells in the IPCS.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130458436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808700
D. Sabin, Colton Peltier
This paper summarizes a software algorithm used to automatically classify voltage sags using an expert systems and machine learning algorithms. In particular, the paper focuses on algorithms used to classify voltage sag events that were caused by downstream events (faults, inrush, or load start events) and voltage sags cause by upstream events.
{"title":"Utilization of an Expert System Enhanced with Machine Learning for Automatic Voltage Sag Identification and Analysis","authors":"D. Sabin, Colton Peltier","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808700","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes a software algorithm used to automatically classify voltage sags using an expert systems and machine learning algorithms. In particular, the paper focuses on algorithms used to classify voltage sag events that were caused by downstream events (faults, inrush, or load start events) and voltage sags cause by upstream events.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116623640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808751
P. Shcherbakova, A. Abramovitz, Gennady Senderovych
This paper reevaluates the active power direction method for locating the distortion sources in the power distribution network. The inaccuracies in the earlier analysis challenging the active power direction method are identified and the earlier claim of the inconsistency of the method is reconsidered.
{"title":"Reexamination of the Active Power Direction Method for Identifying the Sources of Harmonic Distortion","authors":"P. Shcherbakova, A. Abramovitz, Gennady Senderovych","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808751","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reevaluates the active power direction method for locating the distortion sources in the power distribution network. The inaccuracies in the earlier analysis challenging the active power direction method are identified and the earlier claim of the inconsistency of the method is reconsidered.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117319102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808466
R. Langella, A. Testa, Vincenzo Vendemia, J. Drapela
In this paper, a new accurate and comprehensive analytical model of harmonic and interharmonic distortion produced by a single-phase AC/DC diode rectifier (DBR) is presented. Its main and new characteristic is the ability to consider the presence of interharmonics in addition to harmonics in the voltage at the terminals of DBR due to the background voltage. Analytical expressions able to predict DC voltage and AC current in time domain are obtained. Several numerical and experimental tests have been performed, but in this paper only the numerical and experimental validation on a commercial equipment (i.e. CFL lamp) showing very accurate results is reported for space limitations.
{"title":"New Comprehensive Analytical Model of Single-Phase AC/DC Diode Rectifiers in the Presence of Interharmonics in Supply Voltage","authors":"R. Langella, A. Testa, Vincenzo Vendemia, J. Drapela","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808466","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new accurate and comprehensive analytical model of harmonic and interharmonic distortion produced by a single-phase AC/DC diode rectifier (DBR) is presented. Its main and new characteristic is the ability to consider the presence of interharmonics in addition to harmonics in the voltage at the terminals of DBR due to the background voltage. Analytical expressions able to predict DC voltage and AC current in time domain are obtained. Several numerical and experimental tests have been performed, but in this paper only the numerical and experimental validation on a commercial equipment (i.e. CFL lamp) showing very accurate results is reported for space limitations.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"257 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133434260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808737
Lazar Scekic, S. Mujović
Due to the increasing government support and decreasing installation prices, the rapid proliferation of grid-connected photovoltaic systems has been recorded in the past decade. Their integration is accompanied by harmonic pollution of the distribution systems, resulting from the application of power electronic converters. Therefore, extensive studies need to be performed before their commission to minimize their harmonic impact. This paper presents a thorough harmonic analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in a historical meteorological framework. Temporal patterns of the harmonic emissions and the resulting distorting effects have been identified. In addition, numerical expressions quantifying the temporal variations of individual current harmonics have been developed, which enables their straightforward addition to various power system studies.
{"title":"Long-Term Harmonic Analysis of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems","authors":"Lazar Scekic, S. Mujović","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808737","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing government support and decreasing installation prices, the rapid proliferation of grid-connected photovoltaic systems has been recorded in the past decade. Their integration is accompanied by harmonic pollution of the distribution systems, resulting from the application of power electronic converters. Therefore, extensive studies need to be performed before their commission to minimize their harmonic impact. This paper presents a thorough harmonic analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in a historical meteorological framework. Temporal patterns of the harmonic emissions and the resulting distorting effects have been identified. In addition, numerical expressions quantifying the temporal variations of individual current harmonics have been developed, which enables their straightforward addition to various power system studies.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115999084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808767
A. Nassif, K. Wheeler, R. Torquato, W. Freitas
The guiding principles of climate change have driven the adoption of large-scale variable sources of renewable generation. The consequential application of energy storage is imperative to enable the integration of renewable variable sources by enhancing resource adequacy and supporting the grid. The main realized and potential benefits of energy storage have been identified as increased system stability, dispatchability, inertia, and economics. With the declining storage prices and the proliferation of the technology, electric utilities must adapt and understand the impact of such technology into their system. Three important concerns to electric utilities are potential degradation of power quality, potential damage to customer facilities, and most importantly, the impact on safety. Harmonic emissions of inverter-based resources are always an important subject and fit the power quality description. The second concern, as identified in this paper, is load rejection overvoltage, often brought up in recent inverter-based resources research. Thirdly, identified as a safety concern, the timely detection and extinction of an island is paramount. Modern inverters contain native anti-islanding schemes that must be convincing to electric utilities if communication-based direct transfer trip is not present. Based on this background, this paper presents the operational field verification of a 20MVA, 20MWh (1C) battery energy storage system connected to a 25kV distribution feeder. Measurement results were collected and analyzed during the commissioning phase and the results are reported in this paper.
{"title":"On-Site Harmonic, Load Rejection Overvoltage, and Anti-Islanding Scheme Verification of a 20 MW BESS Interconnection to a Distribution Feeder","authors":"A. Nassif, K. Wheeler, R. Torquato, W. Freitas","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808767","url":null,"abstract":"The guiding principles of climate change have driven the adoption of large-scale variable sources of renewable generation. The consequential application of energy storage is imperative to enable the integration of renewable variable sources by enhancing resource adequacy and supporting the grid. The main realized and potential benefits of energy storage have been identified as increased system stability, dispatchability, inertia, and economics. With the declining storage prices and the proliferation of the technology, electric utilities must adapt and understand the impact of such technology into their system. Three important concerns to electric utilities are potential degradation of power quality, potential damage to customer facilities, and most importantly, the impact on safety. Harmonic emissions of inverter-based resources are always an important subject and fit the power quality description. The second concern, as identified in this paper, is load rejection overvoltage, often brought up in recent inverter-based resources research. Thirdly, identified as a safety concern, the timely detection and extinction of an island is paramount. Modern inverters contain native anti-islanding schemes that must be convincing to electric utilities if communication-based direct transfer trip is not present. Based on this background, this paper presents the operational field verification of a 20MVA, 20MWh (1C) battery energy storage system connected to a 25kV distribution feeder. Measurement results were collected and analyzed during the commissioning phase and the results are reported in this paper.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115662641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808706
J. Klusacek, J. Drapela, R. Langella
Presence of a power generating plant in a three phase customers’ installation associated with prosumers may lead to unbalanced bidirectional energy flows at point of connection into relevant distribution system. This study shows that current metrics of energy measurement and registration in three phase revenue meters may fail in a fair charging for the distribution system usage as an inherent phase-to-phase balancer. Alternatively, positive sequence power/ energy measurement based metric is tested and proposed to be employed. The comparative study is performed on representative unbalanced cases, which may be reached by the prosumers naturally and even intentionally and it is shown how much the grid usage as a balancer might be charged more fairly when registering positive sequence power/ energy. Furthermore, it is shown that the increase in the system losses caused by unbalanced prosumers; in comparison to equivalent symmetrical cases of the same net-power; can be estimated from negative and zero sequence power measurement at the point of connection.
{"title":"Power Symmetrical Components as Grid Usage Indicator for Unbalanced Prosumers","authors":"J. Klusacek, J. Drapela, R. Langella","doi":"10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP53011.2022.9808706","url":null,"abstract":"Presence of a power generating plant in a three phase customers’ installation associated with prosumers may lead to unbalanced bidirectional energy flows at point of connection into relevant distribution system. This study shows that current metrics of energy measurement and registration in three phase revenue meters may fail in a fair charging for the distribution system usage as an inherent phase-to-phase balancer. Alternatively, positive sequence power/ energy measurement based metric is tested and proposed to be employed. The comparative study is performed on representative unbalanced cases, which may be reached by the prosumers naturally and even intentionally and it is shown how much the grid usage as a balancer might be charged more fairly when registering positive sequence power/ energy. Furthermore, it is shown that the increase in the system losses caused by unbalanced prosumers; in comparison to equivalent symmetrical cases of the same net-power; can be estimated from negative and zero sequence power measurement at the point of connection.","PeriodicalId":249133,"journal":{"name":"2022 20th International Conference on Harmonics & Quality of Power (ICHQP)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116073498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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