A. Melninkaitis, T. Balciunas, V. Sirutkaitis, V. Juzumas, J. Janušonis, G. Šlekys
Femtosecond laser micromachining of grooves in the SiO2 coated crystal silicon is investigated using 300 fs laser pulses at a center wavelength of 1030 nm. A novel chirped pulse amplified femtosecond Yb:KGW laser source (Pharos, Light Conversion, Lithuania) with high pulse repetition rate of 1- 350 kHz and high average power up to 8 W is employed. The ablation depth of grooves as a function of pulse repetition rate, number of passes over the same groove, and the light polarization relative to the cutting direction is investigated. Different scanning algorithms as well as influence of the focal plane height relative to the sample are investigated.
{"title":"Formation of grooves in SiO2 coated silicon using femtosecond ytterbium DPSS laser","authors":"A. Melninkaitis, T. Balciunas, V. Sirutkaitis, V. Juzumas, J. Janušonis, G. Šlekys","doi":"10.1117/12.778478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778478","url":null,"abstract":"Femtosecond laser micromachining of grooves in the SiO2 coated crystal silicon is investigated using 300 fs laser pulses at a center wavelength of 1030 nm. A novel chirped pulse amplified femtosecond Yb:KGW laser source (Pharos, Light Conversion, Lithuania) with high pulse repetition rate of 1- 350 kHz and high average power up to 8 W is employed. The ablation depth of grooves as a function of pulse repetition rate, number of passes over the same groove, and the light polarization relative to the cutting direction is investigated. Different scanning algorithms as well as influence of the focal plane height relative to the sample are investigated.","PeriodicalId":249315,"journal":{"name":"High-Power Laser Ablation","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126848746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The laser-driven in-tube accelerator in which the propellant is supplied from laser-ablated gas from the tube wall was developed. Proof-of concept demonstrations of vertical launch were successfully done. The device had a 25mm X 25mm square cross-section; two opposing walls were made of polyacetal and acted as the propellant, the other two acrylic window with guide grooves to the projectile. The upper end of the launch tube was connected to a vacuum chamber of an inner volume of 0.8 m2, in which the initial pressure was set to lower than 20 Pa. With plugging the bottom end of the launch tube, a momentum coupling coefficient exceeding 2.5 mN/W was obtained. Even with the bottom end connected to the same vacuum chamber through a different duct, the projectile was vertical launched successfully, obtaining 0.14 mN/W.
研制了一种激光驱动管内加速器，其推进剂由管壁的激光烧蚀气体提供。垂直发射的概念验证演示已成功完成。该装置具有25mm X 25mm方形截面;两个相对的墙是由聚缩醛制成的，作为推进剂，另外两个丙烯酸窗口带导向槽的弹丸。发射管上端连接内容积为0.8 m2的真空室，初始压力设置为低于20pa。通过堵塞发射管底端，获得了超过2.5 mN/W的动量耦合系数。即使下端通过不同的管道连接到同一个真空室，弹丸也成功垂直发射，获得0.14 mN/W。
{"title":"Wall-ablative laser-driven in-tube accelerator","authors":"A. Sasoh, Shingo Suzuki, A. Matsuda","doi":"10.1117/12.786500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.786500","url":null,"abstract":"The laser-driven in-tube accelerator in which the propellant is supplied from laser-ablated gas from the tube wall was developed. Proof-of concept demonstrations of vertical launch were successfully done. The device had a 25mm X 25mm square cross-section; two opposing walls were made of polyacetal and acted as the propellant, the other two acrylic window with guide grooves to the projectile. The upper end of the launch tube was connected to a vacuum chamber of an inner volume of 0.8 m2, in which the initial pressure was set to lower than 20 Pa. With plugging the bottom end of the launch tube, a momentum coupling coefficient exceeding 2.5 mN/W was obtained. Even with the bottom end connected to the same vacuum chamber through a different duct, the projectile was vertical launched successfully, obtaining 0.14 mN/W.","PeriodicalId":249315,"journal":{"name":"High-Power Laser Ablation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116309519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Lackner, W. Waldhauser, R. Major, B. Major, E. Czarnowska, F. Bruckert
Non-thrombogenic blood contacting surfaces and appropriate blood flow characteristics are essential for clinical application. State-of-the-art coatings are based on heparin and struggle with the problem of bleeding. Thus, there is increasing demand for developing new coating materials for improved human body acceptance. Materials deposited by vacuum coating techniques would be an excellent alternative if the coating temperatures can be kept low due to the applied substrate materials of low temperature resistance (mostly polymers). Under these circumstances, adequate film structure and high adhesion can be reached by the Pulsed Laser Deposition at room temperature (RT-PLD), which was developed to an industrial-scaled process at Laser Center Leoben. This process was applied to deposit Ti, TiN, TiCN and diamond-like carbon (DLC) on polyurethane, titanium and silicon substrates to study the biological interactions to blood cells and the kinetic mechanism of eukaryote cell attachment. Besides high biological acceptance, distinct differences for the critical delamination shear stress were found for the coatings, indicating higher adhesion at higher carbon contents.
{"title":"Industrially scaled pulsed laser deposition based coating techniques for the realization of hemocompatible surfaces for blood contact applications","authors":"J. Lackner, W. Waldhauser, R. Major, B. Major, E. Czarnowska, F. Bruckert","doi":"10.1117/12.778176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778176","url":null,"abstract":"Non-thrombogenic blood contacting surfaces and appropriate blood flow characteristics are essential for clinical application. State-of-the-art coatings are based on heparin and struggle with the problem of bleeding. Thus, there is increasing demand for developing new coating materials for improved human body acceptance. Materials deposited by vacuum coating techniques would be an excellent alternative if the coating temperatures can be kept low due to the applied substrate materials of low temperature resistance (mostly polymers). Under these circumstances, adequate film structure and high adhesion can be reached by the Pulsed Laser Deposition at room temperature (RT-PLD), which was developed to an industrial-scaled process at Laser Center Leoben. This process was applied to deposit Ti, TiN, TiCN and diamond-like carbon (DLC) on polyurethane, titanium and silicon substrates to study the biological interactions to blood cells and the kinetic mechanism of eukaryote cell attachment. Besides high biological acceptance, distinct differences for the critical delamination shear stress were found for the coatings, indicating higher adhesion at higher carbon contents.","PeriodicalId":249315,"journal":{"name":"High-Power Laser Ablation","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125079030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sherrill, J. Abdallah, G. Csanak, E. Dodd, Y. Fukuda, Y. Akahane, M. Aoyama, N. Inoue, H. Ueda, K. Yamakawa, A. Faenov, A. Magunov, T. Pikuz, I. Skobelev
A model that solves simultaneously both the electron and atomic kinetics was used to generate synthetic X-ray spectra to characterize high intensity ultrashort-laser-driven target experiments. A particle-in-cell simulation was used to model the laser interaction for both cluster and foil targets and provided the initial electron energy distribution function (EEDF) for a Boltzmann solver. Previously reported success in the spectroscopic characterization of an irradiated Ar cluster target has motivated the authors to apply this technique in a feasibility study to assess the possibility of recording time resolved spectra of a 10 micron Ti foil target irradiated by a 500 fs, I= 1.0 × 1018W/cm2 short-pulse laser. Though this model suggests that both Ar cluster and Ti foil plasmas are held in a highly non-equilibrium state for both the EEDF and the ion level populations for several picoseconds, the spectral line features of the foil experiment was shown to evolve too quickly to be seen by current ultrafast time resolved spectrometers.
{"title":"Spectroscopic characterization of ultrashort laser driven targets incorporating both Boltzmann and particle-in-cell models","authors":"M. Sherrill, J. Abdallah, G. Csanak, E. Dodd, Y. Fukuda, Y. Akahane, M. Aoyama, N. Inoue, H. Ueda, K. Yamakawa, A. Faenov, A. Magunov, T. Pikuz, I. Skobelev","doi":"10.1117/12.784468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.784468","url":null,"abstract":"A model that solves simultaneously both the electron and atomic kinetics was used to generate synthetic X-ray spectra to characterize high intensity ultrashort-laser-driven target experiments. A particle-in-cell simulation was used to model the laser interaction for both cluster and foil targets and provided the initial electron energy distribution function (EEDF) for a Boltzmann solver. Previously reported success in the spectroscopic characterization of an irradiated Ar cluster target has motivated the authors to apply this technique in a feasibility study to assess the possibility of recording time resolved spectra of a 10 micron Ti foil target irradiated by a 500 fs, I= 1.0 × 1018W/cm2 short-pulse laser. Though this model suggests that both Ar cluster and Ti foil plasmas are held in a highly non-equilibrium state for both the EEDF and the ion level populations for several picoseconds, the spectral line features of the foil experiment was shown to evolve too quickly to be seen by current ultrafast time resolved spectrometers.","PeriodicalId":249315,"journal":{"name":"High-Power Laser Ablation","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128762395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ratanavis, V. Nampoothiri, N. Campbell, W. Rudolph
An optically pumped overtone HBr laser is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The frequency tuning and stabilization of the Nd:YAG pump laser is described. Results of HBr laser emission are presented. The simulation shows promising features of both pulsed and cw pumped systems concerning efficiency, frequency tuning and heat dissipation.
{"title":"Optically pumped HBr gas laser operating in regions of high atmospheric transmission","authors":"A. Ratanavis, V. Nampoothiri, N. Campbell, W. Rudolph","doi":"10.1117/12.785187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.785187","url":null,"abstract":"An optically pumped overtone HBr laser is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The frequency tuning and stabilization of the Nd:YAG pump laser is described. Results of HBr laser emission are presented. The simulation shows promising features of both pulsed and cw pumped systems concerning efficiency, frequency tuning and heat dissipation.","PeriodicalId":249315,"journal":{"name":"High-Power Laser Ablation","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126255545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandia National Laboratories NLS (1064 nm) and Z-Beamlet (527 nm) pulsed lasers @ ~ 100 GW/cm2 and 10 TW/cm2 were used to attain pressures at 20 - 525 GPa on a variety of metallic and mineral targets. A simple, inexpensive and innovative electro-optical real-time methodology monitored rear surface mechanical deformation and associated particle and shock wave velocities that differ considerably between metals and non-metals. A reference calibration metal (Aluminum) and a reference non-metal (graphite) were used to demonstrate the validity of this methodology. Normative equations of state and momentum coupling coefficients were obtained for dunite, carbonaceous meteorites, graphite, iron and nickel. These experimental results on inhomogeneous materials can be applied to a variety of high energy density interactions involving stellar and planetary material formation, dynamic interactions, geophysical models, space propulsion systems, orbital debris, materials processing, near-earth space (lunar and asteroid) resource recovery, and near-earth object mitigation models.
{"title":"High energy density laser interactions with planetary and astrophysical materials: methodology and data","authors":"J. Remo, R. G. Adams","doi":"10.1117/12.782492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.782492","url":null,"abstract":"Sandia National Laboratories NLS (1064 nm) and Z-Beamlet (527 nm) pulsed lasers @ ~ 100 GW/cm2 and 10 TW/cm2 were used to attain pressures at 20 - 525 GPa on a variety of metallic and mineral targets. A simple, inexpensive and innovative electro-optical real-time methodology monitored rear surface mechanical deformation and associated particle and shock wave velocities that differ considerably between metals and non-metals. A reference calibration metal (Aluminum) and a reference non-metal (graphite) were used to demonstrate the validity of this methodology. Normative equations of state and momentum coupling coefficients were obtained for dunite, carbonaceous meteorites, graphite, iron and nickel. These experimental results on inhomogeneous materials can be applied to a variety of high energy density interactions involving stellar and planetary material formation, dynamic interactions, geophysical models, space propulsion systems, orbital debris, materials processing, near-earth space (lunar and asteroid) resource recovery, and near-earth object mitigation models.","PeriodicalId":249315,"journal":{"name":"High-Power Laser Ablation","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134274250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Inogamov, S. Anisimov, Y. Petrov, V. Khokhlov, V. Zhakhovskiĭ, K. Nishihara, M. Agranat, S. Ashitkov, P. Komarov
Theoretical consideration of the ablation of laser heated metal target based on two-temperature hydrodynamic calculation is performed for aluminum and gold targets. Concurrent with the hydrodynamic calculation the molecular dynamics simulation of the ablation was carried out in the case of aluminum. The initial state of matter for the molecular dynamics is taken as a final state of hydrodynamic calculation. Molecular dynamics simulation is extended to cover late stages of the evolution of two-phase foam placed between the crater and spalled cupola. Theoretical results are in a good agreement with the experimental data obtained by the microinterferometer diagnostics of the femtosecond laser ablation both for aluminum and gold.
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental study of hydrodynamics of metal target irradiated by ultrashort laser pulse","authors":"N. Inogamov, S. Anisimov, Y. Petrov, V. Khokhlov, V. Zhakhovskiĭ, K. Nishihara, M. Agranat, S. Ashitkov, P. Komarov","doi":"10.1117/12.782598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.782598","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical consideration of the ablation of laser heated metal target based on two-temperature hydrodynamic calculation is performed for aluminum and gold targets. Concurrent with the hydrodynamic calculation the molecular dynamics simulation of the ablation was carried out in the case of aluminum. The initial state of matter for the molecular dynamics is taken as a final state of hydrodynamic calculation. Molecular dynamics simulation is extended to cover late stages of the evolution of two-phase foam placed between the crater and spalled cupola. Theoretical results are in a good agreement with the experimental data obtained by the microinterferometer diagnostics of the femtosecond laser ablation both for aluminum and gold.","PeriodicalId":249315,"journal":{"name":"High-Power Laser Ablation","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125023754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Gaathon, A. Ofan, J. Dadap, A. Wirthmüller, L. Vanamurthy, S. Bakhru, H. Bakhru, R. Osgood
We report femtosecond laser cutting of ultrathin ferroelectric sheets. This process enables one to do rapid patterning of microns-thick films of complex oxides such as LiNbO3, which are obtained via ion-beam exfoliation from standard wafers. Cutting these fragile samples is extremely difficult using standard methods but can be done effectively with ultrafast lasers. To achieve fast writing speed, we employ a high-repetition-rate amplified Ti:sapphire laser system with a pulse peak power of ~100MW. Optimization of the depth and quality of cut were determined as a function of laser pulse energy, crystallographic axes, optical polarization, and pre- and post-ablation chemical treatments.
{"title":"Femtosecond laser milling of ultrathin films of LiNbO3","authors":"O. Gaathon, A. Ofan, J. Dadap, A. Wirthmüller, L. Vanamurthy, S. Bakhru, H. Bakhru, R. Osgood","doi":"10.1117/12.785420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.785420","url":null,"abstract":"We report femtosecond laser cutting of ultrathin ferroelectric sheets. This process enables one to do rapid patterning of microns-thick films of complex oxides such as LiNbO3, which are obtained via ion-beam exfoliation from standard wafers. Cutting these fragile samples is extremely difficult using standard methods but can be done effectively with ultrafast lasers. To achieve fast writing speed, we employ a high-repetition-rate amplified Ti:sapphire laser system with a pulse peak power of ~100MW. Optimization of the depth and quality of cut were determined as a function of laser pulse energy, crystallographic axes, optical polarization, and pre- and post-ablation chemical treatments.","PeriodicalId":249315,"journal":{"name":"High-Power Laser Ablation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129616088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bulgakova, A. Bulgakov, V. Zhukov, W. Marine, A. Vorobyev, Chunlei Guo
Based on experiments and a theoretical analysis, we raise questions on two fundamental mechanisms of femtosecond laser desorption/ablation of solids, namely Coulomb explosion (CE) and plasma etching. The effects of laser-induced ionization and surface charging are analyzed which can be responsible for ultrafast ions observed in time-of-flight mass-spectra under ultrashort laser irradiation of solids. The importance of surface charging in formation of velocity distributions of desorbed/ablated species has been revealed for conditions when the CE mechanism is inhibited. The influence of ambient plasma formation on the dynamics of heating of metallic targets by femtosecond laser pulses is studied based on 2D modeling of laser-induced target heating and dynamics of the ambient plasma. The calculations show an intriguing picture of the laser-induced ambient gas motion. We propose a model of laser-induced breakdown of an ambient gas in a region in front of the irradiated target and analyze plasma-chemical processes which can affect laser processing of surfaces in the presence of air or highly reactive media.
{"title":"Charging and plasma effects under ultrashort pulsed laser ablation","authors":"N. Bulgakova, A. Bulgakov, V. Zhukov, W. Marine, A. Vorobyev, Chunlei Guo","doi":"10.1117/12.782643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.782643","url":null,"abstract":"Based on experiments and a theoretical analysis, we raise questions on two fundamental mechanisms of femtosecond laser desorption/ablation of solids, namely Coulomb explosion (CE) and plasma etching. The effects of laser-induced ionization and surface charging are analyzed which can be responsible for ultrafast ions observed in time-of-flight mass-spectra under ultrashort laser irradiation of solids. The importance of surface charging in formation of velocity distributions of desorbed/ablated species has been revealed for conditions when the CE mechanism is inhibited. The influence of ambient plasma formation on the dynamics of heating of metallic targets by femtosecond laser pulses is studied based on 2D modeling of laser-induced target heating and dynamics of the ambient plasma. The calculations show an intriguing picture of the laser-induced ambient gas motion. We propose a model of laser-induced breakdown of an ambient gas in a region in front of the irradiated target and analyze plasma-chemical processes which can affect laser processing of surfaces in the presence of air or highly reactive media.","PeriodicalId":249315,"journal":{"name":"High-Power Laser Ablation","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121518177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laser cleaning research at Macquarie University has concentrated on a "hard science" approach to research and development of processes for optics and microphotonics applications (removing contaminants from optical materials). In more recent times we have carried out pulsed laser cleaning and processing studies for conservation of articles from Indigenous Australian cultural heritage. This paper introduces our research on laser cleaning of optical materials using UV pulsed lasers, and related surface modification and laser processing outcomes. It then introduces and reports some results from the laser conservation studies along with discussion of how activity in these two contrasting areas have informed our approach to the laser conservation studies, and vice versa.
{"title":"Pulsed laser cleaning: comparing science with art and cultural heritage applications","authors":"D. Kane, A. Fernandes","doi":"10.1117/12.783603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.783603","url":null,"abstract":"Laser cleaning research at Macquarie University has concentrated on a \"hard science\" approach to research and development of processes for optics and microphotonics applications (removing contaminants from optical materials). In more recent times we have carried out pulsed laser cleaning and processing studies for conservation of articles from Indigenous Australian cultural heritage. This paper introduces our research on laser cleaning of optical materials using UV pulsed lasers, and related surface modification and laser processing outcomes. It then introduces and reports some results from the laser conservation studies along with discussion of how activity in these two contrasting areas have informed our approach to the laser conservation studies, and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":249315,"journal":{"name":"High-Power Laser Ablation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126435220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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