A. Hrković-Porobija, A. Hodžić, M. Vegara, Husein Ohran, A. Softić, Aida Kavazović, Maja Varatanović
The study included a total of 127 sheep milk samples from two different areas (Livno and Travnik) in summer feeding period (July, August and September). Fatty acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The animals were marked with the appropriate number of ear tags on the basis of which we always took samples from the same animals through different periods. Fatty acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography and the following fatty acids composition: butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, rumenic acid. The fatty acid content of sheep's milk in this study showed a tendency of variation, both within and between sampling areas, and characterized by its relatively high content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) during the period of harvest.
{"title":"The fatty acid composition of sheep's milk of an autochthonous breed","authors":"A. Hrković-Porobija, A. Hodžić, M. Vegara, Husein Ohran, A. Softić, Aida Kavazović, Maja Varatanović","doi":"10.2298/BAH1901035H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1901035H","url":null,"abstract":"The study included a total of 127 sheep milk samples from two different areas\u0000 (Livno and Travnik) in summer feeding period (July, August and September).\u0000 Fatty acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The animals\u0000 were marked with the appropriate number of ear tags on the basis of which we\u0000 always took samples from the same animals through different periods. Fatty\u0000 acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography and the following fatty\u0000 acids composition: butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid,\u0000 stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic\u0000 acid, docosahexaenoic acid, rumenic acid. The fatty acid content of sheep's\u0000 milk in this study showed a tendency of variation, both within and between\u0000 sampling areas, and characterized by its relatively high content of saturated\u0000 fatty acid (SFA) during the period of harvest.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115648509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wheto, Ayodele Oguntuase, A. Adenaike, N. Chima, H. Ojoawo, A. Yakubu, A. O. Adebambo, O. Adebambo
Alpha % Growth hormone gene % Nigerian indigenous chicken % SNPs KR nema Chicken growth hormone (cGH) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the pituitary gland which is responsible for several functions such as tissue growth and reproduction in chickens. This study was conducted to characterize six chicken genotypes using exon 1 and intron 1 regions of cGH gene sequences. One hundred and thirty-four (134) chickens comprising Normal feather (19), Naked neck (21), Frizzle feather (8), Arbor Acre (24), FUNAAB Alpha-1 (dihybrid) (31), and FUNAAlpha-2 (trihybrid) (31) were used for the study. Blood samples were collected from the birds into EDTA bottles for DNA extraction. The exon 1 and intron 1 regions of cGH were amplified using published primers. The product of the polymerase chain reaction was subjected to Sanger sequencing. DnaSP5 software was used to determine the diversity indices and MEGA6 software was used to determine the phylogenetic relationships among the six chicken genotypes and other chicken sequences. Fifteen (15) SNPs were identified in intron 1 and none in exon 1 of the cGH gene in all the six genotypes, and nine (9) of the SNPs occurred as transitions while others were transversions. The allele frequency ranged from 0.30 to 0.95 while the highest heterozygosity (0.66) was observed in mutation 410A>C in Naked neck genotype and lowest heterozygosity observed in Arbor Acre at SNP 330C>T. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was at the maximum in SNP 410A>C in Naked neck genotype with a value of 0.92. The exon 1 phylogeny tree revealed two clades where all the genotypes diverged. Intron 1 revealed two clades where Frizzle feather clustered with FUNAAB Alpha-1, Naked neck and FUNAAlpha-2 clustered together at one of the sub-clades in the second clade. Network analysis revealed Normal feather chicken as the major ancestor of all the genotypes. The study concluded that intron 1 of cGH is polymorphic in all the six chicken genotypes investigated, and this can be used as candidate gene for selection in growth-related traits.
{"title":"Sequence analysis of exon 1 and intron 1 of growth hormone gene in six chicken genotypes raised in tropical environment","authors":"M. Wheto, Ayodele Oguntuase, A. Adenaike, N. Chima, H. Ojoawo, A. Yakubu, A. O. Adebambo, O. Adebambo","doi":"10.2298/bah2201041w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2201041w","url":null,"abstract":"Alpha % Growth hormone gene % Nigerian indigenous chicken % SNPs\u0000KR nema\u0000Chicken growth hormone (cGH) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the\u0000 pituitary gland which is responsible for several functions such as tissue\u0000 growth and reproduction in chickens. This study was conducted to\u0000 characterize six chicken genotypes using exon 1 and intron 1 regions of cGH\u0000 gene sequences. One hundred and thirty-four (134) chickens comprising Normal\u0000 feather (19), Naked neck (21), Frizzle feather (8), Arbor Acre (24), FUNAAB\u0000 Alpha-1 (dihybrid) (31), and FUNAAlpha-2 (trihybrid) (31) were used for\u0000 the study. Blood samples were collected from the birds into EDTA bottles for\u0000 DNA extraction. The exon 1 and intron 1 regions of cGH were amplified using\u0000 published primers. The product of the polymerase chain reaction was\u0000 subjected to Sanger sequencing. DnaSP5 software was used to determine the\u0000 diversity indices and MEGA6 software was used to determine the phylogenetic\u0000 relationships among the six chicken genotypes and other chicken sequences.\u0000 Fifteen (15) SNPs were identified in intron 1 and none in exon 1 of the cGH\u0000 gene in all the six genotypes, and nine (9) of the SNPs occurred as\u0000 transitions while others were transversions. The allele frequency ranged\u0000 from 0.30 to 0.95 while the highest heterozygosity (0.66) was observed in\u0000 mutation 410A>C in Naked neck genotype and lowest heterozygosity observed in\u0000 Arbor Acre at SNP 330C>T. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was at the\u0000 maximum in SNP 410A>C in Naked neck genotype with a value of 0.92. The exon\u0000 1 phylogeny tree revealed two clades where all the genotypes diverged.\u0000 Intron 1 revealed two clades where Frizzle feather clustered with FUNAAB\u0000 Alpha-1, Naked neck and FUNAAlpha-2 clustered together at one of the\u0000 sub-clades in the second clade. Network analysis revealed Normal feather\u0000 chicken as the major ancestor of all the genotypes. The study concluded that\u0000 intron 1 of cGH is polymorphic in all the six chicken genotypes\u0000 investigated, and this can be used as candidate gene for selection in\u0000 growth-related traits.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124270858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Houari Yerou, Benamar Belguerbi, A. Homrani, K. Benabdeli
Water resources are becoming scarce and must be preserved. The significant use of water is linked to agriculture in general and to livestock in particular. Very little research in semi-arid regions has been devoted to assessing the contribution of ruminants to water scarcity. This contribution explores the relationships between dairy farming and the various water resources available in an ecosystem with climatic constraints. To meet future food demand while sustainably managing the available land and water resources, dairy farm systems in semi-arid regions must adapt in response to climate and socio-economic change. In this study, we focus on the south Mediterranean region to analyze the key factors influencing water productivity in dairy farming, especially in context characterized by water scarcity. In order to characterize the relationship between dairy cattle breeding and water resources, a monitoring of 40 dairy cattle stables has been carried out in a semi-arid region. The technical and economic parameters of each farm were evaluated: the use of water according to their origins to the production of fodder by source, the contribution of virtual water off the farm, the total fodder biomass, feeding system practiced on the farms and the performances achieved. Analysis of the data indicates that productivity of fodder in dry matter differ between the two systems with values of the order of 12520 to 17188 kg/ha (p<0.05) respectively for type extensive and intensive systems. The milk yield per cow did not exceed an average value of 3680 kg (rang 3240 to 4120 kg. The mean gross margin per kilogram of milk was low, not exceeding 0.13?. A significant effect (p<0.05) of the value of the water footprint between the two dairy farm systems with an average of around 2.05m3/kg of milk (range 1.96 to 2.15 respectively for intensive and extensive farms). The contribution of rainfall is estimated at 57% and the rest is represented by the participation of irrigation and virtual water with 18% and 25% respectively. Necessary actions must be taken along the milk production process in order to improve the productivity of water for forage production and the milk which depends in large part on annual rainfall and to a lesser extent on groundwater.
{"title":"Water footprint of milk production systems in semi-arid plains of North Africa","authors":"Houari Yerou, Benamar Belguerbi, A. Homrani, K. Benabdeli","doi":"10.2298/BAH2101027Y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH2101027Y","url":null,"abstract":"Water resources are becoming scarce and must be preserved. The significant\u0000 use of water is linked to agriculture in general and to livestock in\u0000 particular. Very little research in semi-arid regions has been devoted to\u0000 assessing the contribution of ruminants to water scarcity. This contribution\u0000 explores the relationships between dairy farming and the various water\u0000 resources available in an ecosystem with climatic constraints. To meet\u0000 future food demand while sustainably managing the available land and water\u0000 resources, dairy farm systems in semi-arid regions must adapt in response to\u0000 climate and socio-economic change. In this study, we focus on the south\u0000 Mediterranean region to analyze the key factors influencing water\u0000 productivity in dairy farming, especially in context characterized by water\u0000 scarcity. In order to characterize the relationship between dairy cattle\u0000 breeding and water resources, a monitoring of 40 dairy cattle stables has\u0000 been carried out in a semi-arid region. The technical and economic\u0000 parameters of each farm were evaluated: the use of water according to their\u0000 origins to the production of fodder by source, the contribution of virtual\u0000 water off the farm, the total fodder biomass, feeding system practiced on\u0000 the farms and the performances achieved. Analysis of the data indicates that\u0000 productivity of fodder in dry matter differ between the two systems with\u0000 values of the order of 12520 to 17188 kg/ha (p<0.05) respectively for type\u0000 extensive and intensive systems. The milk yield per cow did not exceed an\u0000 average value of 3680 kg (rang 3240 to 4120 kg. The mean gross margin per\u0000 kilogram of milk was low, not exceeding 0.13?. A significant effect (p<0.05)\u0000 of the value of the water footprint between the two dairy farm systems with\u0000 an average of around 2.05m3/kg of milk (range 1.96 to 2.15 respectively for\u0000 intensive and extensive farms). The contribution of rainfall is estimated at\u0000 57% and the rest is represented by the participation of irrigation and\u0000 virtual water with 18% and 25% respectively. Necessary actions must be taken\u0000 along the milk production process in order to improve the productivity of\u0000 water for forage production and the milk which depends in large part on\u0000 annual rainfall and to a lesser extent on groundwater.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121584658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current research focuses on the effect of Conocarpus erectus L. leaves (CL) processed with two tannin-degrading bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. p) and Acinetobacter (A. b) on digestion activity and fermentation parameters of rumen bacteria and fungi in Arabian sheep. These isolates capable of utilizing tannic acid as sole carbon and energy source. Eight species of Klebsiella pneumoniae (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A8, A9) follow by an Acinobacter sp. were used for biological treatment of CL for ten days. Then, digestion activity and some rumen fermentation parameters of ruminal bacteria and fungi in specific culture medium (SCM) were determined in Arabian sheep. Treated CL by bacterial isolates, reduced total tannin (TT) compared with unprocessed groups (P < 0.05). Dry matter disappearance (DMD) was affected by biological treatment for both rumen bacteria and fungi in different incubation times, except for 3 and 6 h of incubation in SCM of mixed rumen fungi, which indicated same pattern with untreated CON group (P > 0.05). The NDF disappearance (NDFD) and CP disappearance (CPD) in SCM of mixed rumen bacteria and fungi were increased during all incubation times (P < 0.05) due to biological prosses of CL compared to CON treatment. Biologically treated CL increased gas production from the fermentable fraction (b) pattern in both SCM of mixed rumen bacteria and fungi during all incubation times (P < 0.05), but, the gas production rate constant (c) was increased only at SCM of mixed rumen fungi (P < 0.05). Overall, the data indicated that bacterial inoculation of K. p and A. b. sp. could improve digestion activity and some fermentation parameters of rumen bacteria and fungi in Arabian sheep.
{"title":"Effect of treated Conocarpus erectus L. leaves with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter as tannin-degrading bacteria on digestion activity of rumen microorganisms","authors":"T. Mohammadabadi, A. Jolazadeh, Z. Ghezi","doi":"10.2298/bah2001001m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2001001m","url":null,"abstract":"The current research focuses on the effect of Conocarpus erectus L. leaves\u0000 (CL) processed with two tannin-degrading bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.\u0000 p) and Acinetobacter (A. b) on digestion activity and fermentation\u0000 parameters of rumen bacteria and fungi in Arabian sheep. These isolates\u0000 capable of utilizing tannic acid as sole carbon and energy source. Eight\u0000 species of Klebsiella pneumoniae (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A8, A9) follow by\u0000 an Acinobacter sp. were used for biological treatment of CL for ten days.\u0000 Then, digestion activity and some rumen fermentation parameters of ruminal\u0000 bacteria and fungi in specific culture medium (SCM) were determined in\u0000 Arabian sheep. Treated CL by bacterial isolates, reduced total tannin (TT)\u0000 compared with unprocessed groups (P < 0.05). Dry matter disappearance (DMD)\u0000 was affected by biological treatment for both rumen bacteria and fungi in\u0000 different incubation times, except for 3 and 6 h of incubation in SCM of\u0000 mixed rumen fungi, which indicated same pattern with untreated CON group (P\u0000 > 0.05). The NDF disappearance (NDFD) and CP disappearance (CPD) in SCM of\u0000 mixed rumen bacteria and fungi were increased during all incubation times (P\u0000 < 0.05) due to biological prosses of CL compared to CON treatment.\u0000 Biologically treated CL increased gas production from the fermentable\u0000 fraction (b) pattern in both SCM of mixed rumen bacteria and fungi during\u0000 all incubation times (P < 0.05), but, the gas production rate constant (c)\u0000 was increased only at SCM of mixed rumen fungi (P < 0.05). Overall, the data\u0000 indicated that bacterial inoculation of K. p and A. b. sp. could improve\u0000 digestion activity and some fermentation parameters of rumen bacteria and\u0000 fungi in Arabian sheep.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115176963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Zivkovic, M. Gogić, N. Stojiljković, T. Stamenic, Č. Radović, N. Delić, A. Stanojković
The trial was conducted on 108 piglets of crossbreeds Landrace x Large White. Aim of this study was to determine influence of this aroma on production parameters of growing pigs. Whole trial was in total 57 days, and it was split in three trial periods. Piglets were weaned on day 27, when the trial started. First trial period was 18 days (27-44 day), second was 28 days (45-72 day) and third was 11 days (73-83 day). The control groups received standard farm mixtures, and the trial groups had added aroma Vanilla Sweet in different concentrations (0.02; 0.04%, respectively). During the first period, there was statistical difference (p<0.05) in all three prameters between the groups. Feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FCR) differed between C and T1 group. T1 had best ADG of 261.53 g/d and FCR of 1.89 g/g. In the second period statistical significance was noted in FI and ADG, between T1 and other two groups. T1 had lower FI and ADG, but better FCR compared to control group. In the final period second experimental group had the best results in both FI (1309.29 g/d) and ADG (696.43 g/d). And eventualy for whole trial T2 had better results in all three production parametars compared to other two trial groups. In general, obtained results showed that use of Vanilla sweet aroma can be recommended in the nutrition of weaned pigs. Further investigation should be conducted to determine the effect of this flavour on fatteners.
试验以108头长白×大白杂交仔猪为试验对象。本研究的目的是确定这种香气对生长猪生产参数的影响。试验期共57 d，分为3个试验期。试验开始于第27天断奶。第1期18 d (27 ~ 44 d)，第2期28 d (45 ~ 72 d)，第3期11 d (73 ~ 83 d)。对照组饲喂标准的农场混合物，试验组添加不同浓度的香草香精(0.02;分别为0.04%)。第一期组间3项指标比较，差异均有统计学意义(p<0.05)。C组和T1组采食量、平均日增重和饲料系数差异显著。T1的最佳平均日增重为261.53 g/d，料重比为1.89 g/g。第二期FI、ADG与其他两组比较均有统计学意义。与对照组相比，T1组的FI和ADG较低，但FCR较好。末期第二试验组的FI (1309.29 g/d)和ADG (696.43 g/d)均达到最佳。最终在整个试验中，T2组在所有三个生产参数上都比其他两个试验组有更好的结果。综上所述，所获得的结果表明，在断奶仔猪的营养中可以推荐使用香草甜香味。应该进行进一步的调查以确定这种风味对增肥者的影响。
{"title":"Effect of using vanilla sweet aroma in diets for weaning pigs","authors":"V. Zivkovic, M. Gogić, N. Stojiljković, T. Stamenic, Č. Radović, N. Delić, A. Stanojković","doi":"10.2298/bah2202115z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2202115z","url":null,"abstract":"The trial was conducted on 108 piglets of crossbreeds Landrace x Large White.\u0000 Aim of this study was to determine influence of this aroma on production\u0000 parameters of growing pigs. Whole trial was in total 57 days, and it was\u0000 split in three trial periods. Piglets were weaned on day 27, when the trial\u0000 started. First trial period was 18 days (27-44 day), second was 28 days\u0000 (45-72 day) and third was 11 days (73-83 day). The control groups received\u0000 standard farm mixtures, and the trial groups had added aroma Vanilla Sweet\u0000 in different concentrations (0.02; 0.04%, respectively). During the first\u0000 period, there was statistical difference (p<0.05) in all three prameters\u0000 between the groups. Feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed\u0000 conversion (FCR) differed between C and T1 group. T1 had best ADG of 261.53\u0000 g/d and FCR of 1.89 g/g. In the second period statistical significance was\u0000 noted in FI and ADG, between T1 and other two groups. T1 had lower FI and\u0000 ADG, but better FCR compared to control group. In the final period second\u0000 experimental group had the best results in both FI (1309.29 g/d) and ADG\u0000 (696.43 g/d). And eventualy for whole trial T2 had better results in all\u0000 three production parametars compared to other two trial groups. In general,\u0000 obtained results showed that use of Vanilla sweet aroma can be recommended\u0000 in the nutrition of weaned pigs. Further investigation should be conducted\u0000 to determine the effect of this flavour on fatteners.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115616761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Nikšić, V. Pantelić, Dusica Ostojic-Andric, P. Perisic, L. Samolovac, M. Marinković, M. Petričević
In order to examine the variability of production performance traits (lactation duration, milk yield for the whole lactation, milk yield in standard lactation, milk fat content, milk fat yield in standard lactation, protein content and yield in standard lactation), 954 cows, domestic and imported Simmental populations, were included in the study, with a total of 3641 completed lactations. Cows were located in the area of Toplica district, reared on individual farming households (tied system) and on the farm with intensive farming (free system). Based on the rearing method and origin, animals were divided into four groups: Group 1 (domestic animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 2 (imported animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 3 (domestic animals reared on the farm) and Group 4 (imported animals reared on the farm). The fourth group of studied cows showed the highest yield and protein content, while the cows of the third group had the longest lactation and the highest milk fat content. All production performance traits varied highly significantly (p?0.001) under the influence of the combined factor of housing/rearing method and origin.
{"title":"Production performances of cows of different origin and housing method","authors":"D. Nikšić, V. Pantelić, Dusica Ostojic-Andric, P. Perisic, L. Samolovac, M. Marinković, M. Petričević","doi":"10.2298/BAH2004417N","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH2004417N","url":null,"abstract":"In order to examine the variability of production performance traits\u0000 (lactation duration, milk yield for the whole lactation, milk yield in\u0000 standard lactation, milk fat content, milk fat yield in standard lactation,\u0000 protein content and yield in standard lactation), 954 cows, domestic and\u0000 imported Simmental populations, were included in the study, with a total of\u0000 3641 completed lactations. Cows were located in the area of Toplica\u0000 district, reared on individual farming households (tied system) and on the\u0000 farm with intensive farming (free system). Based on the rearing method and\u0000 origin, animals were divided into four groups: Group 1 (domestic animals\u0000 reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming\u0000 households); Group 2 (imported animals reared by individual agricultural\u0000 producers on individual farming households); Group 3 (domestic animals\u0000 reared on the farm) and Group 4 (imported animals reared on the farm). The\u0000 fourth group of studied cows showed the highest yield and protein content,\u0000 while the cows of the third group had the longest lactation and the highest\u0000 milk fat content. All production performance traits varied highly\u0000 significantly (p?0.001) under the influence of the combined factor of\u0000 housing/rearing method and origin.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128560412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tolimir, M. Maslovarić, Z. Škrbić, M. Lukić, N. Budimovic, D. Milić, Robert Radišić
The aim of the survey was to determine how the egg production sector is complying with animal welfare legislation, which requires a ban on conventional cages and the transition to permitted systems for rearing laying hens - enriched cages and alternative systems, as well as the attitudes of egg producers and consumers on the impact of permitted systems of egg production/purchase and hen welfare. The survey included producers (50), with 1000 and more hens, where in the sample, the percentage share of producers was according to the capacity - the size of the farm, i.e. similar to the share in the total egg production in Serbia. A consumer survey (261) established their views on the impact of the welfare of layers and the rearing system when buying eggs. According to the test results, it can be stated that: when switching to permitted rearing systems, enriched cages were the choice of all surveyed producers (100%) and that in the transition period from 2014 to autumn 2020, 16.3% of respondents switched from conventional cages to enriched ones (2.04% in full and 14.29% in part). According to the results obtained, 80.49% of them are planning to switch from a conventional cage system to another rearing system, of which 60.98% said they would do so if they had the financial means, while about 19% of producers believe they will be forced to leave production. All producers expect that the transition to enriched cages will lead to a reduction in their production, and 83.33% of them believe that it will be from 20 to 40%. Surveyed producers (87.18%) expect that the transition from conventional cages will increase production costs, and 65.11% believe that this will not affect the welfare of layers. A survey of consumer attitudes found that when buying eggs, the production system was very important for 19.91% of consumers, and for 19.41% of consumers it was not important at all, while the welfare of layers was very important for 26.84% and not at all important for 10.32% of consumers. The conclusion of the research is that in Serbia the transition to permitted rearing systems is slow, that harmonization with legal regulations is a great challenge and that changes are expected in the coming period that may have far-reaching consequences for the sector of table egg production.
{"title":"Attitudes of Serbian producers and consumers of table eggs on the ban on conventional batteries and the transition to enriched cages and alternative production systems","authors":"N. Tolimir, M. Maslovarić, Z. Škrbić, M. Lukić, N. Budimovic, D. Milić, Robert Radišić","doi":"10.2298/BAH2004463T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH2004463T","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the survey was to determine how the egg production sector is\u0000 complying with animal welfare legislation, which requires a ban on\u0000 conventional cages and the transition to permitted systems for rearing\u0000 laying hens - enriched cages and alternative systems, as well as the\u0000 attitudes of egg producers and consumers on the impact of permitted systems\u0000 of egg production/purchase and hen welfare. The survey included producers\u0000 (50), with 1000 and more hens, where in the sample, the percentage share of\u0000 producers was according to the capacity - the size of the farm, i.e. similar\u0000 to the share in the total egg production in Serbia. A consumer survey (261)\u0000 established their views on the impact of the welfare of layers and the\u0000 rearing system when buying eggs. According to the test results, it can be\u0000 stated that: when switching to permitted rearing systems, enriched cages\u0000 were the choice of all surveyed producers (100%) and that in the transition\u0000 period from 2014 to autumn 2020, 16.3% of respondents switched from\u0000 conventional cages to enriched ones (2.04% in full and 14.29% in part).\u0000 According to the results obtained, 80.49% of them are planning to switch\u0000 from a conventional cage system to another rearing system, of which 60.98%\u0000 said they would do so if they had the financial means, while about 19% of\u0000 producers believe they will be forced to leave production. All producers\u0000 expect that the transition to enriched cages will lead to a reduction in\u0000 their production, and 83.33% of them believe that it will be from 20 to 40%.\u0000 Surveyed producers (87.18%) expect that the transition from conventional\u0000 cages will increase production costs, and 65.11% believe that this will not\u0000 affect the welfare of layers. A survey of consumer attitudes found that when\u0000 buying eggs, the production system was very important for 19.91% of\u0000 consumers, and for 19.41% of consumers it was not important at all, while\u0000 the welfare of layers was very important for 26.84% and not at all important\u0000 for 10.32% of consumers. The conclusion of the research is that in Serbia\u0000 the transition to permitted rearing systems is slow, that harmonization with\u0000 legal regulations is a great challenge and that changes are expected in the\u0000 coming period that may have far-reaching consequences for the sector of\u0000 table egg production.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125082829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Petrović, S. Rakonjac, V. Bogdanović, S. Bogosavljević-Bošković, R. Djoković, R. Djedović, M. Petrović
The effects of fixed non-genetic factors (farm, season of birth, year of birth, total number of lactations) and a continuous non-genetic factor (age at first conception) on the expression and variability of longevity traits such as age at culling, length of productive life, days in milk and cow efficiency index were investigated in 2548 Simmental cows in three farming areas. Based on the model used for the analysis of the effects of non-genetic factors, including the environment and cow age at first conception, on the expression and variability of longevity traits, the overall means for age at culling, length of productive life, days in milk and cow efficiency index were 2445.21?17.49 days, 1562.55?17.71 days, 1094.17?12.28 days and 58.68?0.32%, respectively. The effect of farming area, year of birth and lactation group on longevity traits was very significant (P<0.01), whereas the effect of season of birth was significant (P<0.05). Age at first conception had a highly significant (P<0.01) effect on age at culling, length of productive life and cow efficiency index, and no significant effect on days in milk (P>0.05). Based on the model used, the coefficients of determination (R2) were very significant (P<0.01) for all longevity traits, and ranged from 0.898 for age at culling to 0.959 for days in milk.
{"title":"Effect of non-genetic factors on longevity traits in Simmental cows","authors":"M. Petrović, S. Rakonjac, V. Bogdanović, S. Bogosavljević-Bošković, R. Djoković, R. Djedović, M. Petrović","doi":"10.2298/bah1903229p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1903229p","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of fixed non-genetic factors (farm, season of birth, year of\u0000 birth, total number of lactations) and a continuous non-genetic factor (age\u0000 at first conception) on the expression and variability of longevity traits\u0000 such as age at culling, length of productive life, days in milk and cow\u0000 efficiency index were investigated in 2548 Simmental cows in three farming\u0000 areas. Based on the model used for the analysis of the effects of\u0000 non-genetic factors, including the environment and cow age at first\u0000 conception, on the expression and variability of longevity traits, the\u0000 overall means for age at culling, length of productive life, days in milk\u0000 and cow efficiency index were 2445.21?17.49 days, 1562.55?17.71 days,\u0000 1094.17?12.28 days and 58.68?0.32%, respectively. The effect of farming\u0000 area, year of birth and lactation group on longevity traits was very\u0000 significant (P<0.01), whereas the effect of season of birth was significant\u0000 (P<0.05). Age at first conception had a highly significant (P<0.01) effect\u0000 on age at culling, length of productive life and cow efficiency index, and\u0000 no significant effect on days in milk (P>0.05). Based on the model used, the\u0000 coefficients of determination (R2) were very significant (P<0.01) for all\u0000 longevity traits, and ranged from 0.898 for age at culling to 0.959 for days\u0000 in milk.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122412287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hristov, B. Stanković, D. Nakov, I. Milosevic-Stankovic, Nevena Maksimović
The most important stressors in our country are unfavourable climatic and nutritional conditions. Extreme deviations in climatic and nutritional conditions are immediate stressors for the body of sheep and goats. Appetite in sheep and goats decreases if they are exposed to extremely high ambient temperatures, while cold increases the body's energy needs and leads to the mobilization of fat from body fat and the consequent oxidation of fat and the formation of non-esterified fatty acids. Thyroid activity is reduced when these animals are exposed to high temperatures, and increased when they are exposed to cold. In an environment with high temperatures, blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations decrease due to unsuccessful maintenance of homeostasis. Sheep and goats are naturally kept in a group, which basically protects them from predators. They successfully register the action of new stimuli, especially noise and sudden movements of nearby predators. Early weaning breaks the bond between mother and offspring and adversely affects the development of normal behavioural relationships in lambs and kids, because artificial feeding systems do not fully meet the needs of oral activity, so sucking of the umbilical and scrotal region often occurs. Investigations of the influence of various technological procedures on the reactivity of the adrenal cortex indicate that the separation of the animal from the herd and immobilization are the most significant stimuli. Electrical stunning of sheep at the slaughterhouse causes significant stimulation of the sympathetic system with a sudden release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. In conditions of intensive production, the most significant stressors and physiological conditions that lead to stress are: parturition, birth, puerperal period, weaning, oestrus, high pregnancy, various surgical procedures, veterinary and zootechnical procedures, extreme variations of micro- and macroclimatic conditions, variations in quantity and food quality, etc.
{"title":"Influence of rearing conditions on reproduction, growth, milk yield and quality of meat and milk of sheep and goats","authors":"S. Hristov, B. Stanković, D. Nakov, I. Milosevic-Stankovic, Nevena Maksimović","doi":"10.2298/BAH2004393H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH2004393H","url":null,"abstract":"The most important stressors in our country are unfavourable climatic and\u0000 nutritional conditions. Extreme deviations in climatic and nutritional\u0000 conditions are immediate stressors for the body of sheep and goats. Appetite\u0000 in sheep and goats decreases if they are exposed to extremely high ambient\u0000 temperatures, while cold increases the body's energy needs and leads to the\u0000 mobilization of fat from body fat and the consequent oxidation of fat and\u0000 the formation of non-esterified fatty acids. Thyroid activity is reduced\u0000 when these animals are exposed to high temperatures, and increased when they\u0000 are exposed to cold. In an environment with high temperatures, blood glucose\u0000 and cholesterol concentrations decrease due to unsuccessful maintenance of\u0000 homeostasis. Sheep and goats are naturally kept in a group, which basically\u0000 protects them from predators. They successfully register the action of new\u0000 stimuli, especially noise and sudden movements of nearby predators. Early\u0000 weaning breaks the bond between mother and offspring and adversely affects\u0000 the development of normal behavioural relationships in lambs and kids,\u0000 because artificial feeding systems do not fully meet the needs of oral\u0000 activity, so sucking of the umbilical and scrotal region often occurs.\u0000 Investigations of the influence of various technological procedures on the\u0000 reactivity of the adrenal cortex indicate that the separation of the animal\u0000 from the herd and immobilization are the most significant stimuli.\u0000 Electrical stunning of sheep at the slaughterhouse causes significant\u0000 stimulation of the sympathetic system with a sudden release of adrenaline\u0000 and noradrenaline. In conditions of intensive production, the most\u0000 significant stressors and physiological conditions that lead to stress are:\u0000 parturition, birth, puerperal period, weaning, oestrus, high pregnancy,\u0000 various surgical procedures, veterinary and zootechnical procedures, extreme\u0000 variations of micro- and macroclimatic conditions, variations in quantity\u0000 and food quality, etc.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"59 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128237741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Honey is a thick, sweet, syrupy substance, the product of the honey-bee, Apis mellifera L., obtained from the collected fruit juices and other, processed in the stomach of bees and is a pure product with no additives of any other substance. The paper present physical-chemical analysis for the following parameters, performed on 20 honey samples: sugar content, sucrose content, moisture content, free acidity, electrical conductivity, mineral content, the content of HMF and content of matter insoluble in water. As important indicators of the environment, this paper emphasises the analyses on the presents of antibiotic residues in two types of honey. The importance of establishing these indicators is to protect nature, which is the basis of agricultural development in the Republic of Srpska. The work suggests that the described bee region presents qualitative honey produced by using the natural resources of a designated area as an economic sector for the survival and development of those parts of the Republic of Srpska.
{"title":"Physicochemical characteristics of acacia and meadow honey from different regions of the Republic of Srpska/Bosnia and Herzegovina with an emphasis on the environment of beekeeping zones","authors":"Diana Bilić-Šobot","doi":"10.2298/bah2001063b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2001063b","url":null,"abstract":"Honey is a thick, sweet, syrupy substance, the product of the honey-bee, Apis\u0000 mellifera L., obtained from the collected fruit juices and other, processed\u0000 in the stomach of bees and is a pure product with no additives of any other\u0000 substance. The paper present physical-chemical analysis for the following\u0000 parameters, performed on 20 honey samples: sugar content, sucrose content,\u0000 moisture content, free acidity, electrical conductivity, mineral content,\u0000 the content of HMF and content of matter insoluble in water. As important\u0000 indicators of the environment, this paper emphasises the analyses on the\u0000 presents of antibiotic residues in two types of honey. The importance of\u0000 establishing these indicators is to protect nature, which is the basis of\u0000 agricultural development in the Republic of Srpska. The work suggests that\u0000 the described bee region presents qualitative honey produced by using the\u0000 natural resources of a designated area as an economic sector for the\u0000 survival and development of those parts of the Republic of Srpska.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131761888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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