J. Marković, S. Andjelkovič, V. Zornić, I. Kostic, M. Blagojević, T. Vasić, S. Živkovic
Cell wall content generally is regarded as the most important factor affecting forage utilization because it comprises the major fraction of forage dry matter and is correlated with forage intake and digestibility. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the cell wall constituents of ensiled pea - oat mixtures sown at five different seeding rates. Three effects were studied: application of bacterial inoculant, seeding rate of pea and oat in the mixtures and stages of plant development. The NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), hemicellulose, lignin and DMD (Dry Matter Digestibility) were determined in silages. Pea and oat were grown in binary mixtures at the experimental field of the Institute for forage crops, Krusevac - Serbia, and were tested at five different mixture rates: pure pea and pure oat crop, 25% pea + 75% oat, 50% pea + 50% oat, 75% pea + 25% oat. Application of bacterial inoculant affected lower content of NDF and hemicellulose (P< 0.05). Content of cell wall constituents decreased with increasing pea content in the mixtures, but DMD increased. On the other hand, content of cell wall constituents increased with plant growth and development, but DMD decreased.
{"title":"Cell wall components and in vitro dry matter digestibility of ensiled pea: Oat mixtures","authors":"J. Marković, S. Andjelkovič, V. Zornić, I. Kostic, M. Blagojević, T. Vasić, S. Živkovic","doi":"10.2298/BAH2004477M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH2004477M","url":null,"abstract":"Cell wall content generally is regarded as the most important factor\u0000 affecting forage utilization because it comprises the major fraction of\u0000 forage dry matter and is correlated with forage intake and digestibility.\u0000 The experiment was carried out to evaluate the cell wall constituents of\u0000 ensiled pea - oat mixtures sown at five different seeding rates. Three\u0000 effects were studied: application of bacterial inoculant, seeding rate of\u0000 pea and oat in the mixtures and stages of plant development. The NDF\u0000 (Neutral Detergent Fiber), ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), hemicellulose, lignin\u0000 and DMD (Dry Matter Digestibility) were determined in silages. Pea and oat\u0000 were grown in binary mixtures at the experimental field of the Institute for\u0000 forage crops, Krusevac - Serbia, and were tested at five different mixture\u0000 rates: pure pea and pure oat crop, 25% pea + 75% oat, 50% pea + 50% oat, 75%\u0000 pea + 25% oat. Application of bacterial inoculant affected lower content of\u0000 NDF and hemicellulose (P< 0.05). Content of cell wall constituents decreased\u0000 with increasing pea content in the mixtures, but DMD increased. On the other\u0000 hand, content of cell wall constituents increased with plant growth and\u0000 development, but DMD decreased.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132919490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Krnjaja, Violeta Mandić, Z. Bijelić, M. Lukić, T. Petrović, S. Stankovic, M. Nikolić
The objective of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of maize hybrids to the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungal species, in particular toxigenic Aspergillus and Fusarium species, and mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 (FBs)). Grain samples of six commercial maize hybrids (MAS 34.B - FAO 300, MAS 40.F, MAS 48.L, KWS Konfites and ZP 427 - FAO 400, and MAS 56.A - FAO 500) were collected at harvest in 2018. A total of seven fungal genera, Acremonium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Penicillium and Rhizopus, were identified of which only species from the genus Fusarium were present on maize grains of all hybrids tested. The incidence of Fusarium spp. was higher in the hybrids MAS 48.L (54.6%), and MAS 56.A (53.3%), compared to MAS 40.F (37.3%), KWS Konfites (28%), MAS 34.B (22.6%) and ZP 427 (12%) hybrids. Among the identified Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides), F. proliferatum was present in all hybrids, ranging from 9.3% (ZP 427) to 30.7% (MAS 48.L ), whereas F. subglutinans was present in two hybrids, MAS 40.F (16%) and MAS 56.A (9.3%). The incidence of F. graminearum ranged from 0% (KWS Konfites) to 9.3% (MAS 34.B), while the incidence of F. verticillioides ranged from 0% (MAS 34.B and ZP 427) to 21.3% (MAS 48.L). In the samples, Aspergillus species were not identified. The effect of maize hybrids was significant on the level of mycotoxins. MAS 34.B hybrid had a statistically significantly higher levels of AFB1 and DON than other hybrids. The FBs level was the highest in the hybrid MAS 34.B (1202 ?g kg-1) and the lowest in the hybrid KWS Konfites (88.33 ?g kg-1). However, the FBs level did not differ between hybrids MAS 34.B, MAS 40.F, and MAS 56.L, MAS 40.F, MAS 48.L, and MAS 56.A, and KWS Konfites and ZP 427. In all hybrids, AFB1, DON, and FBs levels were below the maximum permissible levels stipulated by the legislation of the European Union and the Republic of Serbia in unprocessed maize. The agro-ecological conditions in 2018 favored the development of Fusarium species on maize grains of the hybrids tested, especially fumonisin producing species.
{"title":"Natural toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin occurrence in maize hybrids","authors":"V. Krnjaja, Violeta Mandić, Z. Bijelić, M. Lukić, T. Petrović, S. Stankovic, M. Nikolić","doi":"10.2298/bah2001075k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2001075k","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of\u0000 maize hybrids to the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungal species, in\u0000 particular toxigenic Aspergillus and Fusarium species, and mycotoxins\u0000 (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins B1, B2 and\u0000 B3 (FBs)). Grain samples of six commercial maize hybrids (MAS 34.B - FAO\u0000 300, MAS 40.F, MAS 48.L, KWS Konfites and ZP 427 - FAO 400, and MAS 56.A -\u0000 FAO 500) were collected at harvest in 2018. A total of seven fungal genera,\u0000 Acremonium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Penicillium and\u0000 Rhizopus, were identified of which only species from the genus Fusarium were\u0000 present on maize grains of all hybrids tested. The incidence of Fusarium\u0000 spp. was higher in the hybrids MAS 48.L (54.6%), and MAS 56.A (53.3%),\u0000 compared to MAS 40.F (37.3%), KWS Konfites (28%), MAS 34.B (22.6%) and ZP\u0000 427 (12%) hybrids. Among the identified Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F.\u0000 proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides), F. proliferatum was\u0000 present in all hybrids, ranging from 9.3% (ZP 427) to 30.7% (MAS 48.L ),\u0000 whereas F. subglutinans was present in two hybrids, MAS 40.F (16%) and MAS\u0000 56.A (9.3%). The incidence of F. graminearum ranged from 0% (KWS Konfites)\u0000 to 9.3% (MAS 34.B), while the incidence of F. verticillioides ranged from 0%\u0000 (MAS 34.B and ZP 427) to 21.3% (MAS 48.L). In the samples, Aspergillus\u0000 species were not identified. The effect of maize hybrids was significant on\u0000 the level of mycotoxins. MAS 34.B hybrid had a statistically significantly\u0000 higher levels of AFB1 and DON than other hybrids. The FBs level was the\u0000 highest in the hybrid MAS 34.B (1202 ?g kg-1) and the lowest in the hybrid\u0000 KWS Konfites (88.33 ?g kg-1). However, the FBs level did not differ between\u0000 hybrids MAS 34.B, MAS 40.F, and MAS 56.L, MAS 40.F, MAS 48.L, and MAS 56.A,\u0000 and KWS Konfites and ZP 427. In all hybrids, AFB1, DON, and FBs levels were\u0000 below the maximum permissible levels stipulated by the legislation of the\u0000 European Union and the Republic of Serbia in unprocessed maize. The\u0000 agro-ecological conditions in 2018 favored the development of Fusarium\u0000 species on maize grains of the hybrids tested, especially fumonisin\u0000 producing species.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"52 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132359469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tolimir, M. Maslovarić, Z. Škrbić, Robert Radišić, M. Lukić, B. Rajković
In order to examine the attitude of egg consumers about the poultry welfare and their willingness to spend more money to buy eggs produced in accordance with animal welfare principles, 529 consumers were surveyed in three regions of Serbia (Belgrade, region of Sumadija and Western Serbia and South and Eastern Serbia region). Through the survey questionnaire, consumers have stated how important the welfare of laying hens is to them and if they are willing to spend more money on eggs produced acording to principles of animal welfare. The answers of the surveyed consumers were analyzed by gender, age, education, number of children in the family and the environment in which they live. According to the results of the survey, it can be concluded that in Serbia, poultry welfare is moderately important to 28.17% of egg consumers and very important to 50.77% of consumers, while not at all or little to 21.13%, and that there are differences between individual regions. The willingness to pay more for eggs produced according to welfare principles was expressed by 78.53% of consumers, on average for all three regions. The analysis of data within the category of consumers for which the poultry welfare is very important, revealed that 54.15% are women and 44.02% are men, and that the welfare is more important for consumers with higher education (52.66%) compared to middle school (47.67%), also, for consumers in the 35-55 age group (55.60%) compared to younger and older respondents and those with three or more children in the family (52.94%) compared to families with fewer children. The survey results indicate that consumers in Serbia attribute more importance to the welfare of laying hens, and show their willingness to pay more for eggs produced in compliance with the welfare principles. In the coming period, the education focusing on the increase of consumer awareness of the importance of the welfare of laying hens and the connection with the quality of the product will be necessary.
{"title":"The attitudes of table egg consumers in Serbia on the welfare of laying hens","authors":"N. Tolimir, M. Maslovarić, Z. Škrbić, Robert Radišić, M. Lukić, B. Rajković","doi":"10.2298/bah1904387t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1904387t","url":null,"abstract":"In order to examine the attitude of egg consumers about the poultry welfare\u0000 and their willingness to spend more money to buy eggs produced in accordance\u0000 with animal welfare principles, 529 consumers were surveyed in three regions\u0000 of Serbia (Belgrade, region of Sumadija and Western Serbia and South and\u0000 Eastern Serbia region). Through the survey questionnaire, consumers have\u0000 stated how important the welfare of laying hens is to them and if they are\u0000 willing to spend more money on eggs produced acording to principles of\u0000 animal welfare. The answers of the surveyed consumers were analyzed by\u0000 gender, age, education, number of children in the family and the environment\u0000 in which they live. According to the results of the survey, it can be\u0000 concluded that in Serbia, poultry welfare is moderately important to 28.17%\u0000 of egg consumers and very important to 50.77% of consumers, while not at all\u0000 or little to 21.13%, and that there are differences between individual\u0000 regions. The willingness to pay more for eggs produced according to welfare\u0000 principles was expressed by 78.53% of consumers, on average for all three\u0000 regions. The analysis of data within the category of consumers for which the\u0000 poultry welfare is very important, revealed that 54.15% are women and 44.02%\u0000 are men, and that the welfare is more important for consumers with higher\u0000 education (52.66%) compared to middle school (47.67%), also, for consumers\u0000 in the 35-55 age group (55.60%) compared to younger and older respondents\u0000 and those with three or more children in the family (52.94%) compared to\u0000 families with fewer children. The survey results indicate that consumers in\u0000 Serbia attribute more importance to the welfare of laying hens, and show\u0000 their willingness to pay more for eggs produced in compliance with the\u0000 welfare principles. In the coming period, the education focusing on the\u0000 increase of consumer awareness of the importance of the welfare of laying\u0000 hens and the connection with the quality of the product will be necessary.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130648915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ružić-Muslić, M. Petrović, Z. Bijelić, V. Caro-Petrovic, Nevena Maksimović, Bogdan Cekić, I. Ćosić
In addition to nutritional value, a very important criterion for the selection of meat, for the modern consumer is the health aspect, i.e. the content of fat and the profile of fatty acids in meat. The content of fat and fatty acids, among other things, is conditioned by the feeding system and the rearing method. Lambs fed on pasture have a lower share of fat in the carcass than animals fed with a concentrated mixture, in a closed system. The recommended value for the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids is up to 0.45, and below 4.0 for the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids ratio. Taking into account that the influence of lamb nutrition on these relationships is significant, modelling of fatty acid composition should be directed to the lamb nutrition system which leads to a decrease in the content of saturated and an increase in the concentration of polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids in meat. A feeding strategy involving a grazing feeding system of lambs results in a higher content of n-3 PUFA, CLA and a more favourable n-6/n-3 ratio of fatty acids, while the lamb meat originating from animals fed concentrated diets has a higher proportion of n-6 PUFA and a higher n-6 ratio/n-3 fatty acids, which exceeds the recommended value of 4.0. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is of great importance since it has an anticancer, antidiabetic effect as well as an effect on the immune system, suggesting a direction for future research on lamb meat.
{"title":"Management of lamb nutrition as a way for modeling fatty acid profiles in meat","authors":"D. Ružić-Muslić, M. Petrović, Z. Bijelić, V. Caro-Petrovic, Nevena Maksimović, Bogdan Cekić, I. Ćosić","doi":"10.2298/bah2002127r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2002127r","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to nutritional value, a very important criterion for the\u0000 selection of meat, for the modern consumer is the health aspect, i.e. the\u0000 content of fat and the profile of fatty acids in meat. The content of fat\u0000 and fatty acids, among other things, is conditioned by the feeding system\u0000 and the rearing method. Lambs fed on pasture have a lower share of fat in\u0000 the carcass than animals fed with a concentrated mixture, in a closed\u0000 system. The recommended value for the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated\u0000 fatty acids is up to 0.45, and below 4.0 for the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids\u0000 ratio. Taking into account that the influence of lamb nutrition on these\u0000 relationships is significant, modelling of fatty acid composition should be\u0000 directed to the lamb nutrition system which leads to a decrease in the\u0000 content of saturated and an increase in the concentration of polyunsaturated\u0000 (PUFA) fatty acids in meat. A feeding strategy involving a grazing feeding\u0000 system of lambs results in a higher content of n-3 PUFA, CLA and a more\u0000 favourable n-6/n-3 ratio of fatty acids, while the lamb meat originating\u0000 from animals fed concentrated diets has a higher proportion of n-6 PUFA and\u0000 a higher n-6 ratio/n-3 fatty acids, which exceeds the recommended value of\u0000 4.0. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is of great importance since it has an\u0000 anticancer, antidiabetic effect as well as an effect on the immune system,\u0000 suggesting a direction for future research on lamb meat.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125416612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Nikšić, V. Pantelić, Dusica Ostojic-Andric, P. Perisic, M. Lazarević, L. Samolovac, N. Delić
Visual assessment and recognition of milk performance traits of cows are preliminary indicators of milk yield, longevity, as well as reproductive abilities of the animal, which is very important from the aspect of economy of milk production. Deficiencies in udder traits lead to poorer production, difficult milking and premature weaning of cows from the herd. The paper examines the frequency of desirable scores for a certain trait in first-calving heifers distinguished by way of keeping (heads reared by individual producers/holdings and heads reared on the farm) and by origin (domestic and imported animals), as well as the influence of these two factors on the observed traits. Five udder traits were analyzed: front udder length, rear udder length, rear udder height, central ligament, and udder depth on a total of 954 first-calving Simmental heifers. Observed by the way of rearing, higher frequency of desirable scores for all udder traits were achieved by cows reared on the farm, while according to the origin of cows, higher frequency of desirable scores for all udder traits was achieved by imported cows compared to domestic cows. The influence of factors of housing/keeping and origin, examined by ?2 test on all examined linear scores (frequency of scores) of udder traits was statistically very highly significant (p?0.001), while the analysis of variance (F test) showed very high significance (p?0.001) of interaction of origin and method of rearing on the traits of the central ligament and the udder depth, and significance (p?0.05) on the height of the rear udder, however, no statistical significance (p>0.05) of this interaction was established on other linear scores of udder traits (length of the front and rear udder).
{"title":"Characteristics and variability of udder scores of Simmental first calving heifers","authors":"D. Nikšić, V. Pantelić, Dusica Ostojic-Andric, P. Perisic, M. Lazarević, L. Samolovac, N. Delić","doi":"10.2298/bah2103203n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2103203n","url":null,"abstract":"Visual assessment and recognition of milk performance traits of cows are\u0000 preliminary indicators of milk yield, longevity, as well as reproductive\u0000 abilities of the animal, which is very important from the aspect of economy\u0000 of milk production. Deficiencies in udder traits lead to poorer production,\u0000 difficult milking and premature weaning of cows from the herd. The paper\u0000 examines the frequency of desirable scores for a certain trait in\u0000 first-calving heifers distinguished by way of keeping (heads reared by\u0000 individual producers/holdings and heads reared on the farm) and by origin\u0000 (domestic and imported animals), as well as the influence of these two\u0000 factors on the observed traits. Five udder traits were analyzed: front udder\u0000 length, rear udder length, rear udder height, central ligament, and udder\u0000 depth on a total of 954 first-calving Simmental heifers. Observed by the way\u0000 of rearing, higher frequency of desirable scores for all udder traits were\u0000 achieved by cows reared on the farm, while according to the origin of cows,\u0000 higher frequency of desirable scores for all udder traits was achieved by\u0000 imported cows compared to domestic cows. The influence of factors of\u0000 housing/keeping and origin, examined by ?2 test on all examined linear\u0000 scores (frequency of scores) of udder traits was statistically very highly\u0000 significant (p?0.001), while the analysis of variance (F test) showed very\u0000 high significance (p?0.001) of interaction of origin and method of rearing\u0000 on the traits of the central ligament and the udder depth, and significance\u0000 (p?0.05) on the height of the rear udder, however, no statistical\u0000 significance (p>0.05) of this interaction was established on other linear\u0000 scores of udder traits (length of the front and rear udder).","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121111021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A common problem of dairy cattle in all production systems and production directions is their reduced production life and therefore their reduced lifetime span. Among the main reasons of dairy cattle premature culling the problems related to reproduction, udder and legs are prevailing. The order of these reasons according to their significance is not the same in all dairy cattle populations and depends on production direction, level of production and specific technology of cattle breeding. There are also other reasons of culling but these three groups are the main ones. Due to frequency of their incidence, as well as economic damage which they can cause in dairy cattle production, today they must be taken into account when defining breeding goals for certain breeds and populations of cattle.
{"title":"Problems of early culling of cows in breeding stocks for milk production","authors":"P. Perisic, R. Relic, C. Mekić, S. Stepić","doi":"10.2298/BAH2004381P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH2004381P","url":null,"abstract":"A common problem of dairy cattle in all production systems and production\u0000 directions is their reduced production life and therefore their reduced\u0000 lifetime span. Among the main reasons of dairy cattle premature culling the\u0000 problems related to reproduction, udder and legs are prevailing. The order\u0000 of these reasons according to their significance is not the same in all\u0000 dairy cattle populations and depends on production direction, level of\u0000 production and specific technology of cattle breeding. There are also other\u0000 reasons of culling but these three groups are the main ones. Due to\u0000 frequency of their incidence, as well as economic damage which they can\u0000 cause in dairy cattle production, today they must be taken into account when\u0000 defining breeding goals for certain breeds and populations of cattle.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121544772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Krnjaja, A. Stanojković, T. Petrović, Violeta Mandić, Z. Bijelić, Č. Radović, N. Delić
The aim of this study was to establish the total fungal (mould) count in 79 commercial pig farm feed samples (42 samples for piglets, 29 samples for fattening pigs and 8 samples for sows) collected from the Serbian feed producers during the three-year period (2017-2019), as well as to evaluate the percentage of contamination samples by fungi, especially species from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera. Using standard mycological methods, the total count and identification of fungi were determined. Total fungal count was ranging from 1 ? 102 to 1.41 ? 105 cfu g-1 in the feed samples for piglets. Furthermore, in the feed samples for fattening pigs it ranged from1 ? 102 to 2.54 ? 105 cfu g-1, and from 1 ? 102 to 1.93 ? 105 cfu g-1 in the feed samples for sows. It has established the impermissible limit of total fungal count in 3.45% and 4.76% of a feed for fattening pigs and feed for piglets, respectively. Statistical analysis of the total number of fungi did not establish significant differences between the examined feed groups. Fusarium species were present in the most feed samples for fattening pigs (65.52%), followed by the feed for sows (62.50%) and piglets (47.62%). Aspergillus species were determined in 59.52, 58.62 and 37.50% feed samples for piglets, fattening pigs and sows, respectively. Penicillium species contaminated the lowest percentage of feed samples for fattening pigs (27.59%) and the highest percentage of feed samples for sows (37.50%). In a small number of samples Alternaria, Mucor, and Rhizopus species were identified. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the investigation of fungal contamination is an important indicator of a hygienic condition of feed intended for the nutrition of farm pigs. In addition, the percentage of fungal contamination of the examined samples indicates a potentially high risk to animal health. Due to that, a regular mycological evaluation is necessary to assess nutritional quality as one of the fundamental criteria for feed safety.
{"title":"Fungal contamination of pig farm feeds","authors":"V. Krnjaja, A. Stanojković, T. Petrović, Violeta Mandić, Z. Bijelić, Č. Radović, N. Delić","doi":"10.2298/bah2102139k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2102139k","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to establish the total fungal (mould) count in 79\u0000 commercial pig farm feed samples (42 samples for piglets, 29 samples for\u0000 fattening pigs and 8 samples for sows) collected from the Serbian feed\u0000 producers during the three-year period (2017-2019), as well as to evaluate\u0000 the percentage of contamination samples by fungi, especially species from\u0000 Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera. Using standard mycological\u0000 methods, the total count and identification of fungi were determined. Total\u0000 fungal count was ranging from 1 ? 102 to 1.41 ? 105 cfu g-1 in the feed\u0000 samples for piglets. Furthermore, in the feed samples for fattening pigs it\u0000 ranged from1 ? 102 to 2.54 ? 105 cfu g-1, and from 1 ? 102 to 1.93 ? 105 cfu\u0000 g-1 in the feed samples for sows. It has established the impermissible limit\u0000 of total fungal count in 3.45% and 4.76% of a feed for fattening pigs and\u0000 feed for piglets, respectively. Statistical analysis of the total number of\u0000 fungi did not establish significant differences between the examined feed\u0000 groups. Fusarium species were present in the most feed samples for fattening\u0000 pigs (65.52%), followed by the feed for sows (62.50%) and piglets (47.62%).\u0000 Aspergillus species were determined in 59.52, 58.62 and 37.50% feed samples\u0000 for piglets, fattening pigs and sows, respectively. Penicillium species\u0000 contaminated the lowest percentage of feed samples for fattening pigs\u0000 (27.59%) and the highest percentage of feed samples for sows (37.50%). In a\u0000 small number of samples Alternaria, Mucor, and Rhizopus species were\u0000 identified. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the\u0000 investigation of fungal contamination is an important indicator of a\u0000 hygienic condition of feed intended for the nutrition of farm pigs. In\u0000 addition, the percentage of fungal contamination of the examined samples\u0000 indicates a potentially high risk to animal health. Due to that, a regular\u0000 mycological evaluation is necessary to assess nutritional quality as one of\u0000 the fundamental criteria for feed safety.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121815739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An evaluation was made of the effectiveness elements of the pig breeding industry in Bulgaria in the period 2001-2016, through cluster analysis. The studied period was divided in 3 subperiods, each one with three similar groups (clusters). Through application of cluster analysis, the proximity of the different administration regions in the country was defined in accordance with certain indicators of the pig breeding effectiveness. It was found that in the first cluster for the period 2001-2006 fall North-Western and South-Western region. The North-Eastern and North-Central region form the second cluster. The South-Eastern and South-Central region fall mainly into the third cluster. In the first cluster for the period 2007-2011, the North-Western, South-Western and South-Central regions have a priority with the lowest number of sold animals. The North-Eastern and the North-Central region, forming a third cluster, remain with the highest effectiveness of the pig farming. After the end of 2013 an aggregation of the sector began. For the period 2012-2016, the second cluster is formed from three regions - North-Western, South-Western, and South-Central in 2013.
{"title":"Evaluation of some effectiveness elements of the pig breeding industry in Bulgaria, through cluster analysis","authors":"I. Zapryanova","doi":"10.2298/bah1901025z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1901025z","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation was made of the effectiveness elements of the pig breeding\u0000 industry in Bulgaria in the period 2001-2016, through cluster analysis. The\u0000 studied period was divided in 3 subperiods, each one with three similar\u0000 groups (clusters). Through application of cluster analysis, the proximity of\u0000 the different administration regions in the country was defined in\u0000 accordance with certain indicators of the pig breeding effectiveness. It was\u0000 found that in the first cluster for the period 2001-2006 fall North-Western\u0000 and South-Western region. The North-Eastern and North-Central region form\u0000 the second cluster. The South-Eastern and South-Central region fall mainly\u0000 into the third cluster. In the first cluster for the period 2007-2011, the\u0000 North-Western, South-Western and South-Central regions have a priority with\u0000 the lowest number of sold animals. The North-Eastern and the North-Central\u0000 region, forming a third cluster, remain with the highest effectiveness of\u0000 the pig farming. After the end of 2013 an aggregation of the sector began.\u0000 For the period 2012-2016, the second cluster is formed from three regions -\u0000 North-Western, South-Western, and South-Central in 2013.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121328246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ascites syndrome is a multi-factorial, noncontagious disease of broilers. Chickens selected for rapid growth have a high basal metabolism and consequently increased demands for oxygen. Poor environmental conditions and other unfavourable factors which reduce the amount of available oxygen cause hypoxia, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dilation and right heart failure, which results in generalized passive hyperaemia of organs and ascites as the most striking gross pathology manifestation. The aim of the study was to investigate, retrospectively, the frequency of the disease in a selected district with widespread poultry production and to identify main factors that contribute to the outbreak of the disease. In the period from 2011 to 2017 ascites syndrome was diagnosed by post mortem examination of chickens in 12 out of 91 flocks with health disorders, examined in the Veterinary Specialized Institute "Pancevo". Based on anamnesis, signs of disease and pathomorphological findings, poor environmental conditions and inadequate feed were identified as main contributory factors. In the majority of cases ascites syndrome occurred in small flocks, raised in unsuitable environmental conditions.
{"title":"Retrospective analysis of the frequency and contributory causes of ascites syndrome in broilers in South Banat","authors":"P. Gavrilović, A. Živulj, I. Todorović","doi":"10.2298/BAH1902191G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1902191G","url":null,"abstract":"Ascites syndrome is a multi-factorial, noncontagious disease of broilers.\u0000 Chickens selected for rapid growth have a high basal metabolism and\u0000 consequently increased demands for oxygen. Poor environmental conditions and\u0000 other unfavourable factors which reduce the amount of available oxygen cause\u0000 hypoxia, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dilation and right heart\u0000 failure, which results in generalized passive hyperaemia of organs and\u0000 ascites as the most striking gross pathology manifestation. The aim of the\u0000 study was to investigate, retrospectively, the frequency of the disease in a\u0000 selected district with widespread poultry production and to identify main\u0000 factors that contribute to the outbreak of the disease. In the period from\u0000 2011 to 2017 ascites syndrome was diagnosed by post mortem examination of\u0000 chickens in 12 out of 91 flocks with health disorders, examined in the\u0000 Veterinary Specialized Institute \"Pancevo\". Based on anamnesis, signs of\u0000 disease and pathomorphological findings, poor environmental conditions and\u0000 inadequate feed were identified as main contributory factors. In the\u0000 majority of cases ascites syndrome occurred in small flocks, raised in\u0000 unsuitable environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116017633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bogdan Cekić, Hristiyana Kanzova, Georgi Petrov, Nevena Maksimović, I. Ćosić, A. Milovanovic
The current study aimed to examine the percentage changes of viability sperm and the activity of the enzymes LDH, ALP, GOT / AST, GPT / ALT in the sperm plasma of Lacaune rams, before and after cryopreservation. For this purpose, five rams were examined, and two ejaculates were obtained from each ram. Ejaculates are collected by the method of artificial vagina, during the insemination campaign. All ejaculates were diluted with a 6AG extender and frozen by the Cassou?s sequin method. Sperm viability was determined by eosin and nigrosine smears, and enzyme activity was examined spectrophotometrically. As a result, the percentage of vital sperm after cryopreservation decreased by 15% (P ? 0.001). The freezing and thawing process also reduced the activity of the enzymes LDH, ALP, GOT / AST and GPT / ALP. In conclusion, the observed enzymes, in relation to sperm vitality, could be used as indicators to optimize the protocols for cryopreservation of ram?s sperm.
{"title":"Analysis of vitality and biochemical parameters in freeze-thawed seminal plasma of rams","authors":"Bogdan Cekić, Hristiyana Kanzova, Georgi Petrov, Nevena Maksimović, I. Ćosić, A. Milovanovic","doi":"10.2298/bah2201031c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2201031c","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to examine the percentage changes of viability sperm\u0000 and the activity of the enzymes LDH, ALP, GOT / AST, GPT / ALT in the sperm\u0000 plasma of Lacaune rams, before and after cryopreservation. For this purpose,\u0000 five rams were examined, and two ejaculates were obtained from each ram.\u0000 Ejaculates are collected by the method of artificial vagina, during the\u0000 insemination campaign. All ejaculates were diluted with a 6AG extender and\u0000 frozen by the Cassou?s sequin method. Sperm viability was determined by\u0000 eosin and nigrosine smears, and enzyme activity was examined\u0000 spectrophotometrically. As a result, the percentage of vital sperm after\u0000 cryopreservation decreased by 15% (P ? 0.001). The freezing and thawing\u0000 process also reduced the activity of the enzymes LDH, ALP, GOT / AST and GPT\u0000 / ALP. In conclusion, the observed enzymes, in relation to sperm vitality,\u0000 could be used as indicators to optimize the protocols for cryopreservation\u0000 of ram?s sperm.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132881627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：