This study analyzed the allocative (cost) efficiency of rainfed maize production in Yola North and Yola South Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 128 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier cost function model. Results revealed that the respondents had a mean age of 39 years and have large household sizes. The sampled farmers are experienced and cultivated an average of about two hectares of land. The respondents had also acquired one form of formal education or the other with primary school as the least. The results of the maximum likelihood estimate parameters of the stochastic frontier cost function revealed that cost of land and cost of seeds, cost of hired labour and cost of agrochemicals were significant at different level of probabilities. The allocative efficiency indices revealed that allocative efficiency of the sampled farmers ranged from 0.44 to 0.98 with a mean of 0.68, implying that an average farmer in the study area has the scope for increasing cost efficiency by 32% given the existing technology. The study recommends provision of adequate farm inputs and essential services at low cost to rainfed maize farmers. Keywords: Cost efficiency, rainfed, maize production, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria
{"title":"Analysis of cost efficiency of rainfed maize production in Yola North and Yola South Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Abdul, A. K. Tashikalma, D. Maurice, F. Shittu","doi":"10.4314/GJASS.V16I1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJASS.V16I1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the allocative (cost) efficiency of rainfed maize production in Yola North and Yola South Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 128 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier cost function model. Results revealed that the respondents had a mean age of 39 years and have large household sizes. The sampled farmers are experienced and cultivated an average of about two hectares of land. The respondents had also acquired one form of formal education or the other with primary school as the least. The results of the maximum likelihood estimate parameters of the stochastic frontier cost function revealed that cost of land and cost of seeds, cost of hired labour and cost of agrochemicals were significant at different level of probabilities. The allocative efficiency indices revealed that allocative efficiency of the sampled farmers ranged from 0.44 to 0.98 with a mean of 0.68, implying that an average farmer in the study area has the scope for increasing cost efficiency by 32% given the existing technology. The study recommends provision of adequate farm inputs and essential services at low cost to rainfed maize farmers. Keywords: Cost efficiency, rainfed, maize production, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127175003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theresa Larry Bisong, K. I. Ogbonna, Isa Umar Kyari
The effect of community participation in forest conservation via participatory approach has recently become a global strategy to development. The general objective of the study was to assess the effects of community participation in forest conservation in Ikom Agricultural zone of Cross River State. The specific objectives include; to access the need for community participation in forest conservation, to ascertain the benefit of community participation in forest conservation and to identify the areas and levels of community participation in forest conservation Ikom agricultural zone comprises of Boki, Abi, Etung, Ikom, Obubra and Yakurr local government areas. Three Local Government Areas, Boki, Etung and Ikom, were specifically used for the study because they are the main forest areas in the zone. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data for the study, and it was validated b y research experts in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, University of. Calabar, Calabar. The study respondents were selected using simple handling technique. Using the population frame of the various local government areas one hundred and one (101) respondents were selected from Boki local government area, eighty nine (89) from Etung local Government area and one hundred and ten (110) respondents from Ikom local Government area. A reliability test was conducted using split-half technique while Pearson product moment correlation was used to correlate the data obtained and a coefficient of rxy=80 was obtained. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency tables, percentages and range. The result of the analysis showed that the local communities were in a better position to monitor the forest as they have better knowledge of indigenous methods of conservation of both plants and animal species in their forest. The result also showed a range of benefits derived from community participation which include; increase in food production, income generation and availability of raw materials. The study, therefore recommended that the government should design forest conservation programmes that are participatory, democratic and bottom-top, by integrating the local people in the planning, design and implementation of forest conservation activities. Keywords: Community Participation and Forest Conservation
{"title":"Effect of community participation in forest conservation in Ikom Agricultural Zone of Cross River State","authors":"Theresa Larry Bisong, K. I. Ogbonna, Isa Umar Kyari","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v16i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v16i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of community participation in forest conservation via participatory approach has recently become a global strategy to development. The general objective of the study was to assess the effects of community participation in forest conservation in Ikom Agricultural zone of Cross River State. The specific objectives include; to access the need for community participation in forest conservation, to ascertain the benefit of community participation in forest conservation and to identify the areas and levels of community participation in forest conservation Ikom agricultural zone comprises of Boki, Abi, Etung, Ikom, Obubra and Yakurr local government areas. Three Local Government Areas, Boki, Etung and Ikom, were specifically used for the study because they are the main forest areas in the zone. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data for the study, and it was validated b y research experts in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, University of. Calabar, Calabar. The study respondents were selected using simple handling technique. Using the population frame of the various local government areas one hundred and one (101) respondents were selected from Boki local government area, eighty nine (89) from Etung local Government area and one hundred and ten (110) respondents from Ikom local Government area. A reliability test was conducted using split-half technique while Pearson product moment correlation was used to correlate the data obtained and a coefficient of rxy=80 was obtained. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency tables, percentages and range. The result of the analysis showed that the local communities were in a better position to monitor the forest as they have better knowledge of indigenous methods of conservation of both plants and animal species in their forest. The result also showed a range of benefits derived from community participation which include; increase in food production, income generation and availability of raw materials. The study, therefore recommended that the government should design forest conservation programmes that are participatory, democratic and bottom-top, by integrating the local people in the planning, design and implementation of forest conservation activities. Keywords: Community Participation and Forest Conservation","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128370998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was carried out to analyse the effect of trade liberalization policies on agricultural output growth in Nigeria, using time series data from 1960-2014.The objectives were to; estimate the differences in agricultural output before and after trade liberalization period and estimate the long and short-run effect of agricultural trade policies on agricultural output in Nigeria. Data for the empirical study were sourced from various issues of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and publications of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The estimation procedure was the co-integration and error correction model. The analysis reveals that the mean agricultural output after trade liberalization (AGR GD2) was different from that of the pre-trade period (AGR GD1) and also the t-test result confirms that there exist a significant difference between agricultural output during the pre-trade and post-trade liberalization period given that the t cal (4.5146) was greater than the t crit (2.0484) at 5% level of significance. The long–run and short-run regression results shows that trade openness and exchange rate had a negative effect on agricultural output in the three models meaning that trade openness will lead to reduction in agricultural output both in the long and short-run. The study therefore recommended that monetary authorities should adopt policies that will reduce the volatility of the exchange rate. Also the institution of import quota could curb the negative effect of trade openness on agricultural output growth in Nigeria. Keywords: Agricultural output, Trade liberalization, Trade openness, long-run, Short-run
{"title":"Analysis of trade liberalization policies on agricultural output growth in Nigeria (1960-2014)","authors":". E.A.Etuk, Francis Onwe Igbodor, M. Effiong","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v16i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v16i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to analyse the effect of trade liberalization policies on agricultural output growth in Nigeria, using time series data from 1960-2014.The objectives were to; estimate the differences in agricultural output before and after trade liberalization period and estimate the long and short-run effect of agricultural trade policies on agricultural output in Nigeria. Data for the empirical study were sourced from various issues of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and publications of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The estimation procedure was the co-integration and error correction model. The analysis reveals that the mean agricultural output after trade liberalization (AGR GD2) was different from that of the pre-trade period (AGR GD1) and also the t-test result confirms that there exist a significant difference between agricultural output during the pre-trade and post-trade liberalization period given that the t cal (4.5146) was greater than the t crit (2.0484) at 5% level of significance. The long–run and short-run regression results shows that trade openness and exchange rate had a negative effect on agricultural output in the three models meaning that trade openness will lead to reduction in agricultural output both in the long and short-run. The study therefore recommended that monetary authorities should adopt policies that will reduce the volatility of the exchange rate. Also the institution of import quota could curb the negative effect of trade openness on agricultural output growth in Nigeria. Keywords: Agricultural output, Trade liberalization, Trade openness, long-run, Short-run","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131170173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study assessed the physical land suitability for cassava cultivation in southern part of Adamawa State using Multi-criteria evaluation and GIS technique. Within the study area, the production of cassava is mainly for food and there are only little opportunities for its commercial development. Therefore it is necessary to carry out land suitability analysis in order to provide information on the study area that would guide in sustaining long term production of cassava on commercial basis. The environmental variables examined were Mean Annual rainfall, Mean Temperature, Length of rainfall, Relief and Soil. The primary data were sourced by means of field survey to obtain the coordinates of the current cassava growing areas for mapping. The five factor maps were reclassified based on environmental requirement of cassava crop in the IDRISI Taiga environment and different weights were assigned to each factor to represent their relative importance using the pair-wise comparison matrix. The result, which is explicitly revealed on a single map, indicates that the areas that are suitable for cassava cultivation constitutes 65.92% while those that are not suitable amounts to 34.08%. Similarly, the current cassava growing areas were mapped and the areas identified are Dissol, Mbulo, Maitani, Farang, Timdore and Wadore which fell within the suitable category. The study therefore recommends that cassava production should be encouraged among farmers so as to utilize the proportion of land area found to be suitable for cassava production in Southern Adamawa State. Keywords: Land suitability, Cassava cultivation, Multi-criteria evaluation, Pair-wise Comparison Matrix, IDRISITaiga
{"title":"Land suitability analysis for decision-making in cassava (Manihot Spp.) cultivation in southern part of Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"A. A. Zemba, J. Kefas, A. Hamza","doi":"10.4314/GJASS.V16I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJASS.V16I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the physical land suitability for cassava cultivation in southern part of Adamawa State using Multi-criteria evaluation and GIS technique. Within the study area, the production of cassava is mainly for food and there are only little opportunities for its commercial development. Therefore it is necessary to carry out land suitability analysis in order to provide information on the study area that would guide in sustaining long term production of cassava on commercial basis. The environmental variables examined were Mean Annual rainfall, Mean Temperature, Length of rainfall, Relief and Soil. The primary data were sourced by means of field survey to obtain the coordinates of the current cassava growing areas for mapping. The five factor maps were reclassified based on environmental requirement of cassava crop in the IDRISI Taiga environment and different weights were assigned to each factor to represent their relative importance using the pair-wise comparison matrix. The result, which is explicitly revealed on a single map, indicates that the areas that are suitable for cassava cultivation constitutes 65.92% while those that are not suitable amounts to 34.08%. Similarly, the current cassava growing areas were mapped and the areas identified are Dissol, Mbulo, Maitani, Farang, Timdore and Wadore which fell within the suitable category. The study therefore recommends that cassava production should be encouraged among farmers so as to utilize the proportion of land area found to be suitable for cassava production in Southern Adamawa State. Keywords: Land suitability, Cassava cultivation, Multi-criteria evaluation, Pair-wise Comparison Matrix, IDRISITaiga","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134565377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary levels of enzyme supplemented yam peel meal (YPM) on performance and carcass characteristics of weaner rabbits. Five diets were formulated using YPM to replace maize at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% representing diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. All the diets were supplemented with Mixagrain® enzyme at 200g except the control diet 1 (0%). Thirty weaner rabbits consisting of mixed breeds and sexes were randomly allotted to the five dietary treatments with six rabbits per treatment and replicated 3 times with 2 rabbits per replicate in a completely randomized design. On the 56 th day of the experiment, 3 rabbits from each treatment were randomly selected for carcass and internal organs evaluation. Result of performance shows no significant differences (P>0.05) across the treatments for all the parameters measured for growth performance. Feed cost/kg (₦ /gain) reduces from ₦225.68 in diet 1 – ₦189.15 in diet 5 (100%) while cost savings increased from ₦ 0.9 in diet 1 - ₦28.33 in diet 5 (100%). Result of carcass and internal organs characteristics did not show any significant differences (P>0.05) except for small and large intestine length in diets 4 (75%) and diet 5 (100%). Based on this result therefore, enzyme supplemented YPM can be used to replace maize completely. Keywords: Enzymes, yam peel meal, performance, carcass, weaner rabbits
{"title":"Effects of dietary levels of enzyme (Maxigrain®) supplemented yam peel meal on performance and carcass characteristics of weaner rabbits","authors":"B. Yakubu, T. Mbahi, M. Bako, M. Antyev","doi":"10.4314/GJASS.V16I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJASS.V16I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary levels of enzyme supplemented yam peel meal (YPM) on performance and carcass characteristics of weaner rabbits. Five diets were formulated using YPM to replace maize at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% representing diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. All the diets were supplemented with Mixagrain® enzyme at 200g except the control diet 1 (0%). Thirty weaner rabbits consisting of mixed breeds and sexes were randomly allotted to the five dietary treatments with six rabbits per treatment and replicated 3 times with 2 rabbits per replicate in a completely randomized design. On the 56 th day of the experiment, 3 rabbits from each treatment were randomly selected for carcass and internal organs evaluation. Result of performance shows no significant differences (P>0.05) across the treatments for all the parameters measured for growth performance. Feed cost/kg (₦ /gain) reduces from ₦225.68 in diet 1 – ₦189.15 in diet 5 (100%) while cost savings increased from ₦ 0.9 in diet 1 - ₦28.33 in diet 5 (100%). Result of carcass and internal organs characteristics did not show any significant differences (P>0.05) except for small and large intestine length in diets 4 (75%) and diet 5 (100%). Based on this result therefore, enzyme supplemented YPM can be used to replace maize completely. Keywords: Enzymes, yam peel meal, performance, carcass, weaner rabbits","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123148338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rain fall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, evaporation, relative humidity, sunshine hours, soil temperature data were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) for a decade (2002 – 2011), while crop yield data for the same period were sourced from Kwara State Agricultural and Development Project (KWADP). Both climatic and crop yield data were analysed using correlation analytical techniques, multiple regression and trend analysis in order to evaluate the impact of climate on the yield of the major tuber crops in Kwara State, Nigeria viz: cassava, yam, and sweet potato. The result obtained shows that the impact of climate on yield is significant (p<0.05) for yam and cassava, however, insignificant (p<0.05) for sweet potato. The implication of this is that climate has a strong linear correlation with yam and cassava within the years under review. Tuber crops yield in the study area can be improved upon by supplementing rain-fed cultivation with irrigation and application of modern agricultural techniques and operations by the farmers. Keywords: Agriculture, climate, tuber-crops, yield, decade, Nigeria
{"title":"Impact of climate on the yield of major tuber crops in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"T. D. Akpenpuun, R. Busari","doi":"10.4314/GJASS.V16I1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJASS.V16I1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Rain fall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, evaporation, relative humidity, sunshine hours, soil temperature data were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) for a decade (2002 – 2011), while crop yield data for the same period were sourced from Kwara State Agricultural and Development Project (KWADP). Both climatic and crop yield data were analysed using correlation analytical techniques, multiple regression and trend analysis in order to evaluate the impact of climate on the yield of the major tuber crops in Kwara State, Nigeria viz: cassava, yam, and sweet potato. The result obtained shows that the impact of climate on yield is significant (p<0.05) for yam and cassava, however, insignificant (p<0.05) for sweet potato. The implication of this is that climate has a strong linear correlation with yam and cassava within the years under review. Tuber crops yield in the study area can be improved upon by supplementing rain-fed cultivation with irrigation and application of modern agricultural techniques and operations by the farmers. Keywords: Agriculture, climate, tuber-crops, yield, decade, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131162076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prostaglandins belong to the family of lipid. Soluble unsaturated hydroxyl acid containing twenty carbon (c) atoms and based on the prostanoic acid skeleton. There are two main types of Prostaglandins (PGs), the E and F series each having 3 members E1, E2, E3 and F1σ, F2σ, F3σ. The other PGs are known as secondary PGs and are products of enzymic or chemical dehydrations of PGEs e.g PG+2, PGA2, PGD2 and PGB. Prostaglandins are probably the most important regulators of female productive functions (ovulation, uterine receptivity, Implantation and parturition) and associated with pathologies (pain, fever, and inflammation), apart from sex steroids. Prostaglandins are not stored in tissues but are synthesized and released in response to a given stimulus. Prostaglandins are produced by all nucleated cells of the body and act locally in a paracrine (locally active) or autocrine (acting on the same cell from which it is in a synthesized) fashion. Prostaglandins are therefore regarded as essential mediators of female reproductive processes, hence, this paper seeks to review the role of Prostaglandins which is exploited in livestock production especially oestrus synchronization and induced parturition. KEYWORDS : Prostaglandins, Production, Role, Livestock
{"title":"The role of prostaglandins in livestock production","authors":"B. Okon, L. Ibom, A. Bassey, F. I. Okon","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v15i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v15i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Prostaglandins belong to the family of lipid. Soluble unsaturated hydroxyl acid containing twenty carbon (c) atoms and based on the prostanoic acid skeleton. There are two main types of Prostaglandins (PGs), the E and F series each having 3 members E1, E2, E3 and F1σ, F2σ, F3σ. The other PGs are known as secondary PGs and are products of enzymic or chemical dehydrations of PGEs e.g PG+2, PGA2, PGD2 and PGB. Prostaglandins are probably the most important regulators of female productive functions (ovulation, uterine receptivity, Implantation and parturition) and associated with pathologies (pain, fever, and inflammation), apart from sex steroids. Prostaglandins are not stored in tissues but are synthesized and released in response to a given stimulus. Prostaglandins are produced by all nucleated cells of the body and act locally in a paracrine (locally active) or autocrine (acting on the same cell from which it is in a synthesized) fashion. Prostaglandins are therefore regarded as essential mediators of female reproductive processes, hence, this paper seeks to review the role of Prostaglandins which is exploited in livestock production especially oestrus synchronization and induced parturition. KEYWORDS : Prostaglandins, Production, Role, Livestock","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133461547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was conducted in humid agro ecological zone of Calabar, Nigeria, to evaluate the yield performance and the association between yield and yield related components of some capsicum genotypes which include; Bird pepper(Capsicum annuumvar. aviculare), Habanero pepper(Capsicum chinense), Thai pepper(Capsicum annuum var.glabriusculum),Tabasco pepper(Capsicum frutescens) and Bell pepper(Capsicum annuum. Var.accuminatum). Randomized complete block design was used for the experiment, planted in all three replications. The result showed that all the genotypes of pepper used were significantly different (P = O.O 5) in plant height, number of branches, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of fruit per plant and total fruit yield but no significant differences was observed in days to 50% flowering and leaf area. The cultivar Tabasco pepper gave the highest yield of 2426.66 kg/ha followed by bird pepper with a total yield of 2239.99 kg/ha while the cultivar Hebanero pepper gave yield of 1907 kg/ha. The least yield was recorded on Thai pepper with 1520Kg/ha and bell pepper gave 1680 kg/ha. The linear correlation analysis of the yield and yield related component revealed that days to 50% flowering (r = 0.613), fruit length (r =0.392), number of branches (r = 0.913), number of fruits per plant (r = 0.422) and plant height (r = 0.424) showed positive relationship with fruit yield. The yield component with positive and significant correlation can be used as selection indices for the improvement of capsicum species KEYWORDS : Components, Correlation, Genotypes, Pepper, Yield.
{"title":"Yield and yield component association of some capsicum genotypes","authors":"G. A. Iwo, J. Ntia, E. Akpaniwo","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v15i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v15i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted in humid agro ecological zone of Calabar, Nigeria, to evaluate the yield performance and the association between yield and yield related components of some capsicum genotypes which include; Bird pepper(Capsicum annuumvar. aviculare), Habanero pepper(Capsicum chinense), Thai pepper(Capsicum annuum var.glabriusculum),Tabasco pepper(Capsicum frutescens) and Bell pepper(Capsicum annuum. Var.accuminatum). Randomized complete block design was used for the experiment, planted in all three replications. The result showed that all the genotypes of pepper used were significantly different (P = O.O 5) in plant height, number of branches, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of fruit per plant and total fruit yield but no significant differences was observed in days to 50% flowering and leaf area. The cultivar Tabasco pepper gave the highest yield of 2426.66 kg/ha followed by bird pepper with a total yield of 2239.99 kg/ha while the cultivar Hebanero pepper gave yield of 1907 kg/ha. The least yield was recorded on Thai pepper with 1520Kg/ha and bell pepper gave 1680 kg/ha. The linear correlation analysis of the yield and yield related component revealed that days to 50% flowering (r = 0.613), fruit length (r =0.392), number of branches (r = 0.913), number of fruits per plant (r = 0.422) and plant height (r = 0.424) showed positive relationship with fruit yield. The yield component with positive and significant correlation can be used as selection indices for the improvement of capsicum species KEYWORDS : Components, Correlation, Genotypes, Pepper, Yield.","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129981458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to provide empirical evidence of the effect of farming on the poverty status of rural farm families in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 80 randomly selected farm families in the study area. Both descriptive and econometric tools were employed to analyze the data.The results show that the study area consists of a mixture of extremely poor, moderately poor and non-poor households.While family sizes and farming activity type, enhanced poverty while age, educational status and off farm income by family heads reduced the incidence of poverty. Based on these findings, the study suggests promoting and improving the educational status of the farmers. Farmers are also encouraged to practice mixed farming and engaging in other economic activities such as petty trading and off-farm activities as these will tend to stabilize income thus reducing income volatility. Some of specific programmes advocated to reduce poverty incidence are provision of educational facilities and equipping households with basic skills. KEYWORDS : Poverty status, rural, farming, family, Akwa Ibom State.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF POVERTY STATUS OF RURAL FARM FAMILIES IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"A. A. Ademola, S. O. Abang","doi":"10.4314/gjass.v14i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v14i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to provide empirical evidence of the effect of farming on the poverty status of rural farm families in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 80 randomly selected farm families in the study area. Both descriptive and econometric tools were employed to analyze the data.The results show that the study area consists of a mixture of extremely poor, moderately poor and non-poor households.While family sizes and farming activity type, enhanced poverty while age, educational status and off farm income by family heads reduced the incidence of poverty. Based on these findings, the study suggests promoting and improving the educational status of the farmers. Farmers are also encouraged to practice mixed farming and engaging in other economic activities such as petty trading and off-farm activities as these will tend to stabilize income thus reducing income volatility. Some of specific programmes advocated to reduce poverty incidence are provision of educational facilities and equipping households with basic skills. KEYWORDS : Poverty status, rural, farming, family, Akwa Ibom State.","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116134036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was carried out during the 2006 growing season, between June and November, to investigate the growth and yield responses of four varieties of maize (SUWAN-1-Y, TZSR-Y, DMESR-W and ACROSS-97 TZL) to time of fertilizer application (2,4 and 6 weeks after planting). The experiment was laid out in a 3 x 4 factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results indicated that the mean number of leaves per plant, leaf area index (LAI), plant height, mean number of rows per ear, ear weight, shelling %, kernel weight and total grain yield significantly (P<0.05) increased when fertilizer was applied at two weeks after planting. The mean number of days to 50% tasseling and 50% silking decreased when fertilizer was applied at six weeks after planting. The mean number of barren plants increased with delay in fertilizer application at six weeks after planting. The interactions of variety and time of fertilizer application on the number of rows per ear, mean ear weight, kernel weight and shelling % were significant. The study revealed that the yield of maize could be enhanced by the early application of fertilizer at two weeks after planting. These results are discussed in the light of time of fertilizer application on growth and yield attributes of maize. KEYWORDS : Fertilizer, Growth, Yield, Zea mays L.
{"title":"Effect of Time of Fertilizer Application On Growth and Yield of Maize (ZEA MAYS L.) In Jos - Plateau Environment","authors":"P. Amali, O. Namo","doi":"10.4314/GJASS.V14I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJASS.V14I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out during the 2006 growing season, between June and November, to investigate the growth and yield responses of four varieties of maize (SUWAN-1-Y, TZSR-Y, DMESR-W and ACROSS-97 TZL) to time of fertilizer application (2,4 and 6 weeks after planting). The experiment was laid out in a 3 x 4 factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results indicated that the mean number of leaves per plant, leaf area index (LAI), plant height, mean number of rows per ear, ear weight, shelling %, kernel weight and total grain yield significantly (P<0.05) increased when fertilizer was applied at two weeks after planting. The mean number of days to 50% tasseling and 50% silking decreased when fertilizer was applied at six weeks after planting. The mean number of barren plants increased with delay in fertilizer application at six weeks after planting. The interactions of variety and time of fertilizer application on the number of rows per ear, mean ear weight, kernel weight and shelling % were significant. The study revealed that the yield of maize could be enhanced by the early application of fertilizer at two weeks after planting. These results are discussed in the light of time of fertilizer application on growth and yield attributes of maize. KEYWORDS : Fertilizer, Growth, Yield, Zea mays L.","PeriodicalId":250072,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115357115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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