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Fabrication and investigation of graphite/p-InP Schottky-type heterojunction 石墨/p-InP肖特基型异质结的制备与研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2615780
S. Kuryshchuk, M. Solovan, A. Mostovyi
Schottky graphite / p-InP diodes were first fabricated by transferring the drawn graphite film to an InP substrate with a hole-type conductivity. As a result of research, the main mechanisms of current transfer through Schottky diodes graphite / p-InP were determined: these are multistage tunneling-recombination processes involving surface states at the graphite / p-InP interface and tunneling, which is described by Newman's formula at direct displacement; tunneling with reverse displacement. The studied heterojunctions have pronounced diode characteristics with a rectification coefficient k ≈ 102 (at V = 1 V). It is shown that the created graphite / p-InP Schottky diodes have a potential barrier height of 0.71 eV
肖特基石墨/ p-InP二极管首先通过将拉伸的石墨薄膜转移到具有空穴型导电性的InP衬底上制成。研究结果确定了石墨/ p-InP肖特基二极管电流传递的主要机制:石墨/ p-InP界面处涉及表面态的多阶段隧穿-复合过程和直接位移处的隧穿,用Newman公式描述;反位移掘进。所研究的异质结具有明显的二极管特性,整流系数k≈102(在V = 1 V时)。结果表明,所制备的石墨/ p-InP肖特基二极管的势垒高度为0.71 eV
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引用次数: 0
Performance of CdTe-based p-n junction-diode X/γ-ray detectors 基于cdte的p-n结二极管X/γ射线探测器的性能
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2615569
V. Gnatyuk, S. Levytskyi, O. Maslyanchuk, O. Kulyk, T. Aoki
The electrical and spectroscopic properties of the CdTe-based p-n junction-diode X/γ-ray detectors have been studied by the measurements of I-V characteristics and emission spectra of 137Cs, 57Co, and 241Am radioisotopes. The In/CdTe/Au diodes were fabricated by the frontside laser irradiation doping technique. Detector-grade p-like CdTe(111) crystals, pre-coated with an In dopant (electrode) film, were irradiated with nanosecond KrF laser pulses in distilled water. Laser stimulated solid-phase doping was attributed to generation and propagation of stress and shock waves, barodiffusion of In dopant atoms into the thin CdTe surface region and thus, creation of high concentration donors. The second contact (quasi-ohmic) was formed on the opposite (Cd-terminated) crystal side by vacuum evaporation of Au. In addition, some diodes were created on CdTe crystals, which were preliminary annealed in vacuum prior to deposition of metal films. The I-V characteristics of the In/CdTe/Au p-n junction diodes evidenced that the reverse dark current in the initial part was described by the Sah-Noyce-Shockley theory. Creation of the favorable conditions for efficient collection of photogenerated charge carriers, decrease in the reverse dark current in the In/CdTe/Au detectors ensured obtaining the high-energy resolution spectra. Based on the electric field dependence of the 137Cs isotope spectrum, it was established that the applied bias V = 800 V was the optimal for the diodes formed on preliminary annealed CdTe crystals which ensured the energy resolution FWHM = 0.62 % at the 662 keV line
通过测量137Cs、57Co和241Am放射性同位素的I-V特性和发射光谱,研究了基于cdte的p-n结二极管X/γ射线探测器的电学和光谱特性。采用正面激光辐照掺杂技术制备了In/CdTe/Au二极管。在蒸馏水中,用纳秒级KrF激光脉冲辐照预涂有In掺杂剂(电极)膜的探测器级p样CdTe(111)晶体。激光刺激固相掺杂是由于应力和激波的产生和传播,In掺杂原子的气压扩散到CdTe薄表面区域,从而产生高浓度的供体。第二触点(准欧姆)是通过真空蒸发Au在相反的(cd端)晶体侧形成的。此外,在CdTe晶体上制备了一些二极管,这些晶体在沉积金属薄膜之前在真空中进行了初步退火。In/CdTe/Au p-n结二极管的I-V特性证明了初始部分的反向暗电流可以用Sah-Noyce-Shockley理论来描述。创造了有效收集光生载流子的有利条件,减小了in /CdTe/Au探测器的反向暗电流,确保了获得高能分辨率光谱。根据137Cs同位素谱的电场依赖性,确定了在CdTe晶体上形成二极管时,施加的偏置V = 800 V是最优的,可以保证662 keV线处的能量分辨FWHM = 0.62%
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引用次数: 2
Formation a photonic zigzag by a half cylinder 由半圆柱体形成光子之字形
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2615193
M. Gavryliak, A. Maksimyak, P. Maksimyak
The article contains the results of the investigation of light scattering on a half cylinder. As a result of numerical modulation, the formation of a zigzag photon jet was shown. was demonstrated. It was demonstrated that he zigzag shape of the photon jet is stable in a wide range (380- 410 ) of the angle of rotation of the half-cylinder. It was found that the minimum value of the half-width of the photon jet is approximately equal tо the diffraction limit, which opens up prospects for the use of the half cylinder as advanced optical tweezers.
本文包含了光在半圆柱体上散射的研究结果。数值调制的结果显示了锯齿形光子射流的形成。是证明。结果表明,光子射流的锯齿形在半圆柱旋转角度380 ~ 410的大范围内是稳定的。发现光子射流半宽的最小值近似等于衍射极限,这为半圆柱用作先进光镊开辟了前景。
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引用次数: 0
Polarization-based skin cancer detection in vivo 基于极化的体内皮肤癌检测
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2621081
L. Tchvialeva, Daniel C. Louie, Yuheng Wang, S. Kalia, H. Lui, Tim K. Lee
Recently optical imaging is focused on non-invasive methods which could be automated and provide diagnostics in vivo. Coherence and polarization encoding the wave phase transformation create additional channels of information compared with the amplitude-based techniques. The modification of polarization properties like depolarization, birefringence, and diattenuation are the subject of polarimetry. One of the depolarization metrics is the Degree of Polarization (DOP), which represent the fraction of polarized light maintained while light propagates in media, ranging from 1 for fully polarized to 0 for totally depolarized light. After constructing a one-shot Stokes polarimetry probe, we conducted a preliminary clinical trial including 20 benign, 28 malignant skin lesions. Also 59 normal skin sites where tested. Using DOP as a diagnostics criterion we were able to separate Malignant Melanomas against all other lesions. Another depolarization metric tested was the Polarization Memory Rate (PMR) which characterizes the decay of circularly polarized light relative to linearly polarized light as light propagates in a medium. PMR demonstrates a strong diagnostics potential separating all cancer against benign lesions.
近年来,光学成像技术的发展主要集中在非侵入性、自动化和活体诊断方面。与基于振幅的技术相比,相干性和极化编码的波相位变换创造了额外的信息通道。偏振特性的改变,如去偏振、双折射和双衰减是偏振学的主题。其中一个去极化指标是偏振度(DOP),它表示光在介质中传播时保持的偏振光的比例,范围从1表示完全偏振光到0表示完全去极化光。在构建一次Stokes偏振探针后,我们进行了初步的临床试验,包括20例良性皮肤病变,28例恶性皮肤病变。还测试了59个正常皮肤部位。使用DOP作为诊断标准,我们能够将恶性黑色素瘤与所有其他病变分开。另一个测试的去极化度量是偏振记忆率(PMR),它表征了光在介质中传播时圆偏振光相对于线偏振光的衰减。PMR显示了强大的诊断潜力,可以将所有癌症与良性病变分开。
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引用次数: 1
Fourier energy analysis of Kikuchi patterns for investigation of defect system of diamond crystals 用于金刚石晶体缺陷系统研究的菊池图的傅里叶能量分析
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2615864
I. Fodchuk, S. Ivakhnenko, V. Tkach, S. Balovsyak, M. Solodkyi, M. Borcha, I. Hutsuliak, A. Kuzmin, Y. Roman, Y. Smusenko, P. Pynuk
Values of average deformations in local regions of synthesized diamonds are determined using the power Fourier spectrum in the analysis of Kikuchi pattern. The degree of bands blurring on image is related with the deformation, which are quantitatively described through the changes of average radial period of the energy spectrum. The planar distribution of deformations is allowed to determine anisotropy by the magnitude and direction in the crystal.
在菊池图案分析中,利用功率傅立叶谱确定了合成金刚石局部区域的平均变形值。图像上波段模糊的程度与变形有关,可以通过能谱平均径向周期的变化来定量描述。变形的平面分布可以通过晶体的大小和方向来确定各向异性。
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引用次数: 0
Ellipse field to vector field singularities through diffraction 椭圆场到矢量场的衍射奇异性
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2615493
B. Komal, S. Deepa, S. K. Pal, Sunil Kumar, P. Senthilkumaran
Ellipse fields and vector fields refer to the electric fields with predominant states of polarization as elliptical and linear, respectively. Singularities in these ellipse fields (C points and L lines) and vector fields (V points) refer to points where some of the parameters related to polarization are not defined. A simple technique for transforming a C point to a V point is suggested by diffracting a higher order integral C points from a fork grating. The fork grating transfers the orbital angular momentum (OAM) in each of the diffraction orders yielding polarization singularities with different OAM and spin angular momentum (SAM) compositions. A V point singularity is obtained in one of the diffracted orders depending on the OAM content in each of the superposing circular basis of the input C point, and the charge of the fork grating. The index of the desired V point and the order in which it occurs can be engineered by appropriately choosing the input C point beam and the charge of the fork grating. Therefore, this diffraction technique can be used for the transformation of an ellipse field singularity to a vector field singularity through just a single element, i.e., a fork grating.
椭圆场和矢量场是指以椭圆和线性为优势偏振态的电场。这些椭圆场(C点和L线)和矢量场(V点)中的奇点是指与极化有关的某些参数没有定义的点。提出了一种将C点变换为V点的简单方法,即从叉形光栅中衍射一个高阶积分C点。叉形光栅传递每个衍射阶的轨道角动量,产生具有不同轨道角动量和自旋角动量组成的偏振奇点。根据输入C点的每个重叠圆基中的OAM含量和叉形光栅的电荷,在一个衍射阶上得到V点奇点。通过适当选择输入的C点光束和叉形光栅的电荷,可以设计所需V点的折射率及其发生的顺序。因此,这种衍射技术可以通过单个元件,即叉形光栅,将椭圆场奇点转化为矢量场奇点。
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引用次数: 0
Fabrication and investigation photosensitive of Graphite/PEDOT:PSS/n-CdZnTe organic-inorganic heterojunction 石墨/PEDOT:PSS/n-CdZnTe有机-无机异质结的制备及光敏性研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2615775
A. Mostovyi, S. Kuryshchuk, T. Kovaliuk, I. Koziarskyi, M. Solovan
This paper reports the results of an investigation of the electrical and photoelectrical properties of the Graphite/PEDOT:PSS/n-CdZnTe organic-inorganic heterojunction formed by the deposition of thin films PEDOT:PSS on CdZnTe substrates. The Cd1–xZnxTe solid solution with low Zn content was grown by the Bridgman method at low cadmium vapor pressure and had a low resistivity ρ ≈ 102 Ohm•cm. The values of the series resistance Rs and shunt resistance Rsh of the Graphite/PEDOT:PSS/n-CdZnTe organic-inorganic heterojunction were determined from the dependence of their differential resistance Rdif. The temperature dependencies of the height of the potential barrier of the Graphite/PEDOT:PSS/n-CdZnTe organic-inorganic heterojunction was determined from the I-V characteristics. The dominating current transport mechanisms through the Graphite/PEDOT:PSS/n-CdZnTe organic-inorganic heterojunctions were determined.
本文报道了在CdZnTe衬底上沉积PEDOT:PSS薄膜形成的石墨/PEDOT:PSS/n-CdZnTe有机-无机异质结的电学和光电性能的研究结果。采用Bridgman法在低镉蒸气压下生长低Zn含量的Cd1-xZnxTe固溶体,其电阻率ρ≈102欧姆•cm。根据石墨/PEDOT:PSS/n-CdZnTe有机-无机异质结的差分电阻Rdif的依赖关系,确定了其串联电阻Rs和并联电阻Rsh的值。通过I-V特性确定了石墨/PEDOT:PSS/n-CdZnTe有机-无机异质结势垒高度的温度依赖性。确定了石墨/PEDOT:PSS/n-CdZnTe有机-无机异质结中主要的电流传输机制。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of photonic correction on the optical and photoelectric characteristics of the In4Se3, In4Тe3 and GaP epitaxial structures 光子校正对In4Se3、In4Тe3和GaP外延结构光学和光电特性的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2616570
M. O. Sorokatyi, V. Pylypko, V. Strebezhev, I. Yuriychuk, V. Strebezhev, V. M. Lipka, Y. Dobrovolsky
Optimizing effect of pulsed laser radiation on the structure of the In4Se3 and In4Тe3 epitaxial layers obtained by liquid phase epitaxy was studied by SEM, AFM, and EDS techniques. Ordered quasi-periodic micro- and nanostructures were created on the samples by laser melting. When studying the transverse chips of the structures based on the In4Se3, it was found that laser treatment leads to the formation of both narrow band gap and wide band gap phases of the In – Se system in the epitaxial layer. The action of laser treatment leads to the inversion of the conductivity type and to the formation of the laser photosensitive surface-barrier structures, reduces the influence of recombination processes on the heteroboundary. Optical studies have shown the efficiency of controlled laser action on the structural-phase state of the In4Se3 and In4Тe3 layers and improving their optical characteristics and photosensitivity. An increase in the sensitivity of the FTO-GaP diode structure at the wavelength 254 nm, as well as in the entire spectral range is observed with the laser treatment action
利用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)研究了脉冲激光辐射对液相外延制备的In4Se3和In4Тe3外延层结构的优化效果。通过激光熔化在样品上形成了有序的准周期微纳米结构。在研究基于In4Se3结构的横向芯片时,发现激光处理导致外延层中In - Se体系的窄带隙和宽带隙相的形成。激光处理的作用导致了电导率类型的反转和激光光敏表面势垒结构的形成,减少了复合过程对异质边界的影响。光学研究表明,可控激光作用对In4Se3和In4Тe3层的结构相态有有效的影响,并改善了它们的光学特性和光敏性。在激光处理作用下,FTO-GaP二极管结构在254 nm波长及整个光谱范围内的灵敏度均有提高
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引用次数: 0
Optical methods development for banknote deterioration evaluation 纸币劣化评价光学方法的发展
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2615675
T. Kyrychok, Z. Kazhmuratov, P. Kyrychok, T. Klymenko, O. Sokol
We have developed a model of the medium color of the image, according to which the image moves away from the viewer at a certain distance, at which all the colors of the image are mixed, forming an inseparable color spot. That is, the image is converted into a conditional pixel, which is a mixture of colors of all its pixels. Based on the proposed model, it is possible to estimate the degree of closeness of the optical characteristics of the two images by the deviation of the average color. The method of medium color was realized with a specially designed program application for Kazakh Tenge as well as for Ukrainian Hryvnia evaluation. The measurement of optical characteristics was performed in the non-printed area near the watermark on both the face and reverse of the banknotes. The results show that the evaluation of the image by the deviation of the medium color according to the developed model is a fairly accurate indicator of wear of the printed layer, has an arithmetic mean error less than traditional optical evaluation methods - brightness change and color difference. Thus, the deviation of the medium color describes the human perception of banknote soiling fairly well. This method of medium color, which aims to eliminate the subjectivity of image evaluation, can be used to process both digital images and imprints.
我们发展了一种图像的中色模型,根据该模型,图像以一定的距离远离观看者,在这个距离上,图像的所有颜色混合在一起,形成一个不可分割的色斑。即将图像转换为条件像素,条件像素是其所有像素的颜色混合而成。基于所提出的模型,可以通过平均颜色的偏差来估计两幅图像光学特性的接近程度。通过专门设计的程序,实现了对哈萨克坚戈和乌克兰格里夫纳评价介质颜色的方法。在纸币正面和背面水印附近的非印刷区域进行光学特性测量。结果表明,根据所建立的模型,利用介质颜色的偏差对图像进行评价是一种较为准确的印刷层磨损指标,其算术平均误差小于传统的光学评价方法-亮度变化和色差。因此,介质颜色的偏差较好地描述了人对钞票污垢的感知。这种旨在消除图像评价主观性的中色方法,既可以用于数字图像处理,也可以用于印迹图像处理。
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引用次数: 0
Biochemical and laser-polarimetric markers of hepatocyte cytolysis syndrome under conditions of toxic damage and protein deficiency 肝细胞溶解综合征在毒性损伤和蛋白质缺乏条件下的生化和激光极化标记物
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.2617041
H. Kopylchuk, I. Nikolaychuk, O. Voloshchuk, A. Motrich, O. Konovchuk
Insufficient intake of exogenous proteins under the conditions of irrational nutrition, deficiency of essential amino acids as well as increased loss of endogenous proteins with a characteristic negative nitrogen balance lead to the development of acute or chronic liver diseases. At the same time, the public availability of a wide range of drugs creates the problem of their unsystematic and irrational use for the correction of pathological conditions without proper compliance with the dosage and interval between doses. The consequence of uncontrolled self-medication is increasingly becoming drug induced liver injury.
在营养不合理的情况下,外源蛋白质摄入不足,必需氨基酸缺乏,内源蛋白质损失增加,具有特征性的负氮平衡,可导致急慢性肝脏疾病的发展。与此同时,公众可获得的各种各样的药物造成了在没有适当遵守剂量和剂量间隔的情况下,不系统和不合理地使用它们来纠正病理状况的问题。不加控制的自我药疗的后果越来越成为药物性肝损伤。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Conference on Correlation Optics
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