M. Theodorou, Antonis Kontemeniotis, M. Kantaris, A. Farmakas
Abstract The purpose of the study is to investigate how physicians' prescribing behaviour in Cyprus adopts to the fragmented healthcare system and to the inadequacies of pharmaceutical market in times of economic crisis. A survey was carried out in using a postal questionnaire administered to a stratified sample of 320 physicians. The questionnaire used was the same with the one used in 2007 survey carried out in Greece and Cyprus, along with complementary questions for prescribing within economic crisis. The comparative analysis and assessment of the findings from the two surveys revealed that the current system and the inadequacies of pharmaceutical market in Cyprus expose physicians to a contrasting environment of public and private sector in terms of incentives, governance principles, financing and market structure. In contrast to public sector prescribers who have behaved in accordance with the governance principles, there is a strong motivation for private sector physicians to favour new branded products, and generally rejecting any ideas that could limit their clinical autonomy. Economic crisis seems to be unilaterally influential, as public sector physicians became more cost conscious while private sector prescribing is still resisting due to strong financial incentives.
{"title":"Disentangling prescribing behaviour of Cypriot physicians, within a complex framework of interacting","authors":"M. Theodorou, Antonis Kontemeniotis, M. Kantaris, A. Farmakas","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3480","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of the study is to investigate how physicians' prescribing behaviour in Cyprus adopts to the fragmented healthcare system and to the inadequacies of pharmaceutical market in times of economic crisis. A survey was carried out in using a postal questionnaire administered to a stratified sample of 320 physicians. The questionnaire used was the same with the one used in 2007 survey carried out in Greece and Cyprus, along with complementary questions for prescribing within economic crisis. The comparative analysis and assessment of the findings from the two surveys revealed that the current system and the inadequacies of pharmaceutical market in Cyprus expose physicians to a contrasting environment of public and private sector in terms of incentives, governance principles, financing and market structure. In contrast to public sector prescribers who have behaved in accordance with the governance principles, there is a strong motivation for private sector physicians to favour new branded products, and generally rejecting any ideas that could limit their clinical autonomy. Economic crisis seems to be unilaterally influential, as public sector physicians became more cost conscious while private sector prescribing is still resisting due to strong financial incentives.","PeriodicalId":250539,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of health planning and management","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126387962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION Goal-setting in any practice context is vague unless the process is based on a framework that produces good goals. Popular goal-setting frameworks construct Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-bound (SMART) goal statements. Yet, research of how healthcare goals that are foundational to health plans are formulated is scanty. This case study explored the goal-setting practice of an organisation in Nigeria to discover the theoretical frameworks for setting the goals of their leprosy projects. METHODS The study triangulated individual semi-structured interviews of 10 leprosy managers with a review of their project plans and a participant observation of the organisation's annual planning event. A five-stage thematic analysis was used to serially identify, code, and integrate goal-setting themes from the data collected. FINDINGS This produced three final emergent themes: stakeholders, strategy, and goal statements, with 11 associated conceptual frameworks. All were further theoretically integrated into one general framework that illustrates the organisational goal-setting practice at the time of study. This revealed a practice with a four-staged linear centre-driven process that led to a top-down, problem-based goal formulation, and produced assigned project plans based on hierarchical non-SMART goal statements. CONCLUSION Collaborative goal-setting process is proposed for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timed, and Agreeable statements of project objectives and aims written with Change, Beneficiaries, Indicator, Target, Timeframe and Change, Beneficiaries, Location, and Timeframe models respectively.
{"title":"Theoretical frameworks for project goal-setting: A qualitative case study of an organisational practice in Nigeria.","authors":"O. Ogbeiwi","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3471","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Goal-setting in any practice context is vague unless the process is based on a framework that produces good goals. Popular goal-setting frameworks construct Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-bound (SMART) goal statements. Yet, research of how healthcare goals that are foundational to health plans are formulated is scanty. This case study explored the goal-setting practice of an organisation in Nigeria to discover the theoretical frameworks for setting the goals of their leprosy projects.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The study triangulated individual semi-structured interviews of 10 leprosy managers with a review of their project plans and a participant observation of the organisation's annual planning event. A five-stage thematic analysis was used to serially identify, code, and integrate goal-setting themes from the data collected.\u0000\u0000\u0000FINDINGS\u0000This produced three final emergent themes: stakeholders, strategy, and goal statements, with 11 associated conceptual frameworks. All were further theoretically integrated into one general framework that illustrates the organisational goal-setting practice at the time of study. This revealed a practice with a four-staged linear centre-driven process that led to a top-down, problem-based goal formulation, and produced assigned project plans based on hierarchical non-SMART goal statements.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Collaborative goal-setting process is proposed for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timed, and Agreeable statements of project objectives and aims written with Change, Beneficiaries, Indicator, Target, Timeframe and Change, Beneficiaries, Location, and Timeframe models respectively.","PeriodicalId":250539,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of health planning and management","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121458567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RATIONAL Hospitals desire to achieve the strategy of patient-centred care but burnout inhibits its implementation. Management has a role in responding to needs of patients, junior professional staff, and the hospital, in the present and future. AIM To test the association between shared organisational trust (OT) of resident physicians in top-management, a systemic organisational process, and professional burnout among residents. METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional study, are 316 residents assigned to 31 internal medicine departments at eight out of 15 academic Israeli general public hospitals in various locations and sizes. All measures were published: Burnout, patient-focussed care, shared trust in top-management, and antecedents of organisational trust, which are: peer support, clinical autonomy, meeting expectations, and value congruence. Structural Equation Modelling was performed. RESULTS The structural equation modelling model was recursive, explaining 14% of the variance in burnout. Shared trust in top-management was the strongest antecedent of burnout. The facilitation of patient-focussed care created shared trust in top-management which reduced burnout. DISCUSSION To achieve patient-centred care, management is called upon to reduce burnout by aligning organisational processes with patient-focussed care. Shared trust in top-management may reduce burnout and enhance residents' sense of meaningfulness, engagement, and well-being.
{"title":"Shared trust of resident physicians in top-management and professional burnout: A cross-sectional study towards capacity for patient-focussed care, peer support and job expectations.","authors":"G. Gabay, D. Netzer, A. Elhayany","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3479","url":null,"abstract":"RATIONAL\u0000Hospitals desire to achieve the strategy of patient-centred care but burnout inhibits its implementation. Management has a role in responding to needs of patients, junior professional staff, and the hospital, in the present and future.\u0000\u0000\u0000AIM\u0000To test the association between shared organisational trust (OT) of resident physicians in top-management, a systemic organisational process, and professional burnout among residents.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Participants in this cross-sectional study, are 316 residents assigned to 31 internal medicine departments at eight out of 15 academic Israeli general public hospitals in various locations and sizes. All measures were published: Burnout, patient-focussed care, shared trust in top-management, and antecedents of organisational trust, which are: peer support, clinical autonomy, meeting expectations, and value congruence. Structural Equation Modelling was performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The structural equation modelling model was recursive, explaining 14% of the variance in burnout. Shared trust in top-management was the strongest antecedent of burnout. The facilitation of patient-focussed care created shared trust in top-management which reduced burnout.\u0000\u0000\u0000DISCUSSION\u0000To achieve patient-centred care, management is called upon to reduce burnout by aligning organisational processes with patient-focussed care. Shared trust in top-management may reduce burnout and enhance residents' sense of meaningfulness, engagement, and well-being.","PeriodicalId":250539,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of health planning and management","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131214494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Kim, B. A. Petrakis, D. McInnes, A. Gifford, S. Sliwinski, D. Smelson
Abstract Resurgences of COVID‐19 cases are a grave public health concern. Hence, there is an urgent need for health care systems to rapidly and systematically learn from their responses to earlier waves of COVID‐19. To meet this need, this article delineates how we adapted the World Health Organization's After Action Review (AAR) framework to use within our health care system of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. An AAR is a structured, methodical evaluation of actions taken in response to an event (e.g., recent waves of COVID‐19). It delivers an actionable report regarding (i) what was expected, (ii) what actually happened, (iii) what went well, and (iv) what could have been done differently, and thus what changes are needed for future situations. We share as an example our examination of Mental Health Residential Rehabilitation and Treatment Programs in Massachusetts (a COVID‐19 hotspot). Our work can be further adapted, beyond residential treatment, as a consistent framework for reviewing COVID‐19 responses across multiple health care programs. This will identify both standardized and tailored preparations that the programs can make for future waves of the pandemic. Given the expected resurgences of COVID‐19 cases, the time to apply AAR is now.
{"title":"Applying after action review to examine residential treatment programs' responses to COVID‐19","authors":"Bo Kim, B. A. Petrakis, D. McInnes, A. Gifford, S. Sliwinski, D. Smelson","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3475","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Resurgences of COVID‐19 cases are a grave public health concern. Hence, there is an urgent need for health care systems to rapidly and systematically learn from their responses to earlier waves of COVID‐19. To meet this need, this article delineates how we adapted the World Health Organization's After Action Review (AAR) framework to use within our health care system of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. An AAR is a structured, methodical evaluation of actions taken in response to an event (e.g., recent waves of COVID‐19). It delivers an actionable report regarding (i) what was expected, (ii) what actually happened, (iii) what went well, and (iv) what could have been done differently, and thus what changes are needed for future situations. We share as an example our examination of Mental Health Residential Rehabilitation and Treatment Programs in Massachusetts (a COVID‐19 hotspot). Our work can be further adapted, beyond residential treatment, as a consistent framework for reviewing COVID‐19 responses across multiple health care programs. This will identify both standardized and tailored preparations that the programs can make for future waves of the pandemic. Given the expected resurgences of COVID‐19 cases, the time to apply AAR is now.","PeriodicalId":250539,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of health planning and management","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130699159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. L. Jucá, A. B. Ibrahim, M. Ramos, Rérisson Máximo, L. Zanette
and effective vaccines as quickly as possible. As it turned out, these expectations were met at an exceptional speed. 1 This perhaps represents the greatest triumph of science in the 21st century, where, for the first time, concerted global efforts ensured the delivery of vaccines in the shortest possible time recorded in history. Of significance, is the reality that the pandemic also has created conditions within which citizens could receive immunisations, with a significant number rejecting vaccine nationalism. 2 Despite this success, however, we are still a long way from immunising the entire world population, especially in Latin America and Africa. 3 While high-income countries are flooded by vaccine supplies and offer booster doses to entirely vaccinated populations, 4 new variants are being discovered in countries like South Africa. Long before the onset of the pandemic, science has been at the centre stage, especially with the explosion of the knowledge ecosystem enabled by social media. Anti-climate movements, anti-vaccine, and other forms of science denialism have been spreading with disruptive consequences for quite some time. 5 However, the pandemic was just the right trigger to escalate the levels of attacks on science. In a recent statement, at its 2021 International Conference the Global Young Academy (GYA) warned about the growing perception that trust in science has weakened, raising questions about how science is communicated to the public. 6 Strong engagement in scientific communication and dissemination has been used as a weapon, a kind of antidote in modern times, 7 by those wishing to counteract denialist movements and increase confidence in science. Obviously, science can improve education to create a scientific culture that helps overcome these drawbacks, improving health and well-being in a world on the move. Perhaps a more significant challenge is to disseminate the value of the scientific method and demonstrate that its use supports evidence-based insights for a better quotidian human life. 8 This is important in order to popularise the time-tested scientific tradition that scientific data are open for rebuttal, but this needs to be done scientifically while employing similar trials in terms of scientifically validated methods, instead of addressing them through public outrage, emotions or perceptions. However, according to the Science's Editor Holden Thorp in an article entitled Persuasive words are not enough, 9 the scientific community is up against a sophisticated, data-driven machine devoted to making sure that science doesn't entirely succeed and the history of this is quite clear. Furthermore, he highlighted that the scientific community may be losing the battle against this digital mass of disinformation. Consequently, the only way to win this fight is to harness the same sophisticated tools used to bring science down. It's time to look in the mirror again. This digital industry of misinformation had also comprom
{"title":"Inclusive access to science in post‐COVID era: Strategic entry points for improved livelihoods","authors":"T. L. Jucá, A. B. Ibrahim, M. Ramos, Rérisson Máximo, L. Zanette","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3473","url":null,"abstract":"and effective vaccines as quickly as possible. As it turned out, these expectations were met at an exceptional speed. 1 This perhaps represents the greatest triumph of science in the 21st century, where, for the first time, concerted global efforts ensured the delivery of vaccines in the shortest possible time recorded in history. Of significance, is the reality that the pandemic also has created conditions within which citizens could receive immunisations, with a significant number rejecting vaccine nationalism. 2 Despite this success, however, we are still a long way from immunising the entire world population, especially in Latin America and Africa. 3 While high-income countries are flooded by vaccine supplies and offer booster doses to entirely vaccinated populations, 4 new variants are being discovered in countries like South Africa. Long before the onset of the pandemic, science has been at the centre stage, especially with the explosion of the knowledge ecosystem enabled by social media. Anti-climate movements, anti-vaccine, and other forms of science denialism have been spreading with disruptive consequences for quite some time. 5 However, the pandemic was just the right trigger to escalate the levels of attacks on science. In a recent statement, at its 2021 International Conference the Global Young Academy (GYA) warned about the growing perception that trust in science has weakened, raising questions about how science is communicated to the public. 6 Strong engagement in scientific communication and dissemination has been used as a weapon, a kind of antidote in modern times, 7 by those wishing to counteract denialist movements and increase confidence in science. Obviously, science can improve education to create a scientific culture that helps overcome these drawbacks, improving health and well-being in a world on the move. Perhaps a more significant challenge is to disseminate the value of the scientific method and demonstrate that its use supports evidence-based insights for a better quotidian human life. 8 This is important in order to popularise the time-tested scientific tradition that scientific data are open for rebuttal, but this needs to be done scientifically while employing similar trials in terms of scientifically validated methods, instead of addressing them through public outrage, emotions or perceptions. However, according to the Science's Editor Holden Thorp in an article entitled Persuasive words are not enough, 9 the scientific community is up against a sophisticated, data-driven machine devoted to making sure that science doesn't entirely succeed and the history of this is quite clear. Furthermore, he highlighted that the scientific community may be losing the battle against this digital mass of disinformation. Consequently, the only way to win this fight is to harness the same sophisticated tools used to bring science down. It's time to look in the mirror again. This digital industry of misinformation had also comprom","PeriodicalId":250539,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of health planning and management","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114380124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Medical healthcare profession is under immense stress since the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak on global scale, and medical healthcare professionals are enduring occupational challenges which entail frontline and non‐frontline duties, appraisal and satisfaction with their job. The present study examined perceived job satisfaction as a mediating variable that affects the relationship between performance appraisal and reinforcement on performing job tasks among medical healthcare professionals during COVID‐19. A sample (N = 550) was selected from public and private hospitals' medical healthcare professionals (n = 300 males, and n = 250 females). The results showed that perceived job satisfaction mediates the relationship between performance appraisal and reinforcement on job tasks in medical healthcare professionals. This study could help stakeholders, medical board regulations, mental health practitioners, employers and employees to increment sources which could establish feasible healthcare planning and management. The study has significant implications in mental healthcare, crisis management, human resource planning, effective performance and improvement in well‐being of medical workforce's psychological health.
{"title":"Job satisfaction, performance appraisal, reinforcement and job tasks in medical healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak","authors":"Waleed Rana, S. Mukhtar, S. Mukhtar","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3476","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Medical healthcare profession is under immense stress since the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak on global scale, and medical healthcare professionals are enduring occupational challenges which entail frontline and non‐frontline duties, appraisal and satisfaction with their job. The present study examined perceived job satisfaction as a mediating variable that affects the relationship between performance appraisal and reinforcement on performing job tasks among medical healthcare professionals during COVID‐19. A sample (N = 550) was selected from public and private hospitals' medical healthcare professionals (n = 300 males, and n = 250 females). The results showed that perceived job satisfaction mediates the relationship between performance appraisal and reinforcement on job tasks in medical healthcare professionals. This study could help stakeholders, medical board regulations, mental health practitioners, employers and employees to increment sources which could establish feasible healthcare planning and management. The study has significant implications in mental healthcare, crisis management, human resource planning, effective performance and improvement in well‐being of medical workforce's psychological health.","PeriodicalId":250539,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of health planning and management","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125146471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION The relationships among health expenditure, health outcome, and economic growth have been given significant consideration in the current literature. Nevertheless, there are potential gaps in the nature of health-growth nexus that current empirical studies have not thoroughly considered. METHODOLOGY This study explores Granger causality and cointegration relationships in a trivariate framework among, health expenditure, health outcome, and economic growth. We used three health outcome measures and a panel vector autoregressive model to study 45 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa between 1990 and 2018. Our innovative panel data evaluation technique allows to ascertain significant causal relationships among the studied variables in the short and long run. RESULTS Findings from the study include (1) health expenditure and health outcome Granger-cause economic growth in the long run; (2) economic growth Granger-cause health expenditure in the short run; (3) no causal relationship was found running from health expenditure and health outcome to economic growth in the short-run. The former result (1) may not be surprising, given that the countries considered in this study are relatively less developed countries from Sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, further health improvement may play a statistically significant role in spurring further economic growth. CONCLUSION Based on the results, the study presents interesting and possible effective policy perspectives for health improvement in the studied countries. Policies that stimulate health spending are needed to create a better and more industrious society that can support SSA's economic progress. This is because a healthy person may be more productive than someone who is sick, allowing them to produce greater output.
{"title":"Causal nexus between health expenditure, health outcome and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa countries.","authors":"Edmond Kamanda, Lanpin Yang, Brima Sesay","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3469","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The relationships among health expenditure, health outcome, and economic growth have been given significant consideration in the current literature. Nevertheless, there are potential gaps in the nature of health-growth nexus that current empirical studies have not thoroughly considered.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODOLOGY\u0000This study explores Granger causality and cointegration relationships in a trivariate framework among, health expenditure, health outcome, and economic growth. We used three health outcome measures and a panel vector autoregressive model to study 45 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa between 1990 and 2018. Our innovative panel data evaluation technique allows to ascertain significant causal relationships among the studied variables in the short and long run.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Findings from the study include (1) health expenditure and health outcome Granger-cause economic growth in the long run; (2) economic growth Granger-cause health expenditure in the short run; (3) no causal relationship was found running from health expenditure and health outcome to economic growth in the short-run. The former result (1) may not be surprising, given that the countries considered in this study are relatively less developed countries from Sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, further health improvement may play a statistically significant role in spurring further economic growth.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Based on the results, the study presents interesting and possible effective policy perspectives for health improvement in the studied countries. Policies that stimulate health spending are needed to create a better and more industrious society that can support SSA's economic progress. This is because a healthy person may be more productive than someone who is sick, allowing them to produce greater output.","PeriodicalId":250539,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of health planning and management","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127514354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1945 the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) chose its Latin motto 'fiat panis' which translates as 'let there be bread' to prevent an unprecedented health catastrophe as a result of endemic hunger and poor nutritional health. Despite the long standing effort in this regard, for so many people, especially in developing economies in sub-Saharan Africa, access to enough, good quality, and constant supply of food and water remains an affront to good nutritional health. Globally, the FAO reports that 815 million people representing 10% of the population worldwide are currently undernourished. Our study investigates the effect of sustainable food production on malnutrition across sub-Saharan African countries. An ensemble of more sophisticated econometric models is applied to dynamic cross-country panel data from 16 countries in the 4 regions in Sub-Saharan African. Our study is innovative because it makes a pioneering contribution to the available stock of literature on indicators of sustainable food production and malnutrition which is still at an embryonic stage. We note that even though sub-Sahara African has a large tract of arable land, it negatively contributes towards malnutrition. We observed a positive and statistically significant relationship between food production (crop and livestock) and agricultural labour on malnutrition. Policy recommendations have been proposed to improve higher nutritional health through food production.
{"title":"Progressing towards nutritional health in Sub-Saharan Africa: An econometric analysis of the effect of sustainable food production on malnutrition.","authors":"S. Owusu, Jianlin Chen, Ellen Merz, Chuanbo Fu","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3468","url":null,"abstract":"In 1945 the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) chose its Latin motto 'fiat panis' which translates as 'let there be bread' to prevent an unprecedented health catastrophe as a result of endemic hunger and poor nutritional health. Despite the long standing effort in this regard, for so many people, especially in developing economies in sub-Saharan Africa, access to enough, good quality, and constant supply of food and water remains an affront to good nutritional health. Globally, the FAO reports that 815 million people representing 10% of the population worldwide are currently undernourished. Our study investigates the effect of sustainable food production on malnutrition across sub-Saharan African countries. An ensemble of more sophisticated econometric models is applied to dynamic cross-country panel data from 16 countries in the 4 regions in Sub-Saharan African. Our study is innovative because it makes a pioneering contribution to the available stock of literature on indicators of sustainable food production and malnutrition which is still at an embryonic stage. We note that even though sub-Sahara African has a large tract of arable land, it negatively contributes towards malnutrition. We observed a positive and statistically significant relationship between food production (crop and livestock) and agricultural labour on malnutrition. Policy recommendations have been proposed to improve higher nutritional health through food production.","PeriodicalId":250539,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of health planning and management","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116300413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Persai, Ravi Kumar Balu, Kalpana Singh, Rajath R Prabhu, Supriya Lahoti, S. Rout, Rajmohan Panda
BACKGROUND Patient satisfaction is an essential indicator for measuring the quality of care. This study assessed patients' satisfaction with primary care services across different public health care system levels. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional study conducted across three states in India. We adopted a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique to select the districts(n-13) and facilities (n-55). A total of 4650 patients' exit interviews were conducted. Linear regression and analysis of variance was used to test the association. Analyses was performed using Stata software (version 15.0). RESULTS Patients visiting the primary facilities were more satisfied within the different domains of quality indicators that is, technical, communication, safety and cleanliness, and cost of services. The highest differences were observed on behaviour of other staff (Reg Coefficient 4.1 ± 0.8) and cleanliness of the ward (Reg Coefficient 4.0 ± 0.9). Significant negative association was observed in patient's satisfaction in the state of Kerala with an increase in age and education level. CONCLUSION Our study suggests higher satisfaction at primary care facilities as compared to secondary and tertiary level facilities in the three states. Development of standardized tool and specific research on patient experience and its relation to the quality of care is needed in low- and middle-income countries.
{"title":"Patient Satisfaction with Quality of Primary Care Health services-findings from India.","authors":"D. Persai, Ravi Kumar Balu, Kalpana Singh, Rajath R Prabhu, Supriya Lahoti, S. Rout, Rajmohan Panda","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3467","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Patient satisfaction is an essential indicator for measuring the quality of care. This study assessed patients' satisfaction with primary care services across different public health care system levels.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The study was a cross-sectional study conducted across three states in India. We adopted a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique to select the districts(n-13) and facilities (n-55). A total of 4650 patients' exit interviews were conducted. Linear regression and analysis of variance was used to test the association. Analyses was performed using Stata software (version 15.0).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Patients visiting the primary facilities were more satisfied within the different domains of quality indicators that is, technical, communication, safety and cleanliness, and cost of services. The highest differences were observed on behaviour of other staff (Reg Coefficient 4.1 ± 0.8) and cleanliness of the ward (Reg Coefficient 4.0 ± 0.9). Significant negative association was observed in patient's satisfaction in the state of Kerala with an increase in age and education level.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Our study suggests higher satisfaction at primary care facilities as compared to secondary and tertiary level facilities in the three states. Development of standardized tool and specific research on patient experience and its relation to the quality of care is needed in low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":250539,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of health planning and management","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121938281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed health system funding challenges across many developing countries. The needed infrastructure to effectively respond to the pandemic was absent in many developing countries. This has resulted in policymakers resorting to various strategies to mobilise sufficient resources in response to the pandemic, especially in the early stages. This paper reviewed Ghana's efforts to mobilise domestic and external resources for the health sector in response to the pandemic. The paper also assessed lessons from these strategies and highlights how these lessons could be leveraged to sustain financing for the health sector. Using evidence from desk reviews, we demonstrate the existence of fiscal space through external sources, partnership with non‐state actors, and effective public financial management (budget space). We also show that the COVID‐19 pandemic presents an important momentum to drive future investment in health infrastructure across developing countries.
{"title":"Leveraging COVID‐19 pandemic response for improved health system financing: Lessons from Ghana","authors":"J. Novignon, Kwasi Gyabaa Tabiri","doi":"10.1002/hpm.3462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3462","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed health system funding challenges across many developing countries. The needed infrastructure to effectively respond to the pandemic was absent in many developing countries. This has resulted in policymakers resorting to various strategies to mobilise sufficient resources in response to the pandemic, especially in the early stages. This paper reviewed Ghana's efforts to mobilise domestic and external resources for the health sector in response to the pandemic. The paper also assessed lessons from these strategies and highlights how these lessons could be leveraged to sustain financing for the health sector. Using evidence from desk reviews, we demonstrate the existence of fiscal space through external sources, partnership with non‐state actors, and effective public financial management (budget space). We also show that the COVID‐19 pandemic presents an important momentum to drive future investment in health infrastructure across developing countries.","PeriodicalId":250539,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of health planning and management","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130352194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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