Background: In today's globalized world, neo-colonialism exerts significant influence, particularly in political and economic spheres. This influence extends to English Language Teaching (ELT) in Indonesia, where the hegemony of a specific language test system has resulted in its overuse for multiple purposes. Methodology: This research employs a quantitative approach to design the Test of Academic English Proficiency (TAEP) for Indonesian non-native speakers, focusing on academic, business, and general settings. The four-step process includes participant selection, data collection, expert judgment, and test try-outs. Findings: The study results indicate that TAEP items are acceptable, with a high validity of .98 and reliability of .93. Four poor items require revision, while others effectively distinguish between good and poor test-takers. TAEP's content is balanced and relevant for assessing proficiency in academic, business, and general English. Conclusion: TAEP, meeting language test criteria and legally certified, has been utilized nationally and internationally, including by Bank of Indonesia, the Financial Service Authority of Indonesia (OJK), and Erasmus Mundus. This contributes to Indonesia's pursuit of independence from modern colonization. Originality: This study innovatively explores the underexamined relationship between neo-colonialism and language testing, addressing issues such as overdependence on specific tests, national spending burdens, and neglect of local linguistic and cultural contexts.
{"title":"Challenging Neo-Colonialism in Language Testing: The Development and Impact of Indonesia's Test of Academic English Proficiency (TAEP)","authors":"Masduki","doi":"10.24903/sj.v6i2.1302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24903/sj.v6i2.1302","url":null,"abstract":"Background: \u0000In today's globalized world, neo-colonialism exerts significant influence, particularly in political and economic spheres. This influence extends to English Language Teaching (ELT) in Indonesia, where the hegemony of a specific language test system has resulted in its overuse for multiple purposes. \u0000Methodology: \u0000This research employs a quantitative approach to design the Test of Academic English Proficiency (TAEP) for Indonesian non-native speakers, focusing on academic, business, and general settings. The four-step process includes participant selection, data collection, expert judgment, and test try-outs. \u0000Findings: \u0000The study results indicate that TAEP items are acceptable, with a high validity of .98 and reliability of .93. Four poor items require revision, while others effectively distinguish between good and poor test-takers. TAEP's content is balanced and relevant for assessing proficiency in academic, business, and general English. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000TAEP, meeting language test criteria and legally certified, has been utilized nationally and internationally, including by Bank of Indonesia, the Financial Service Authority of Indonesia (OJK), and Erasmus Mundus. This contributes to Indonesia's pursuit of independence from modern colonization. \u0000Originality: \u0000This study innovatively explores the underexamined relationship between neo-colonialism and language testing, addressing issues such as overdependence on specific tests, national spending burdens, and neglect of local linguistic and cultural contexts.","PeriodicalId":250621,"journal":{"name":"Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127962417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nunun Tri Widarwati, M. Nababan, R. Santosa, Sri Samiati Tarjana
Background: Although many kinds of research on gender discrimination have been made, empirical research on this matter under the perspective of translation technique is still rare. Therefore, this present research aimed to study gender discrimination in three novels authored by Pramoedya Ananta Toer and how gender discrimination is translated into English. Methodology: This case study was applied in three novels written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Anak Semua Bangsa, Rumah Kaca, and Jejak Langkah. The data were collected through observations and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: The results showed that gender discrimination in the three novels was subordination, stereotype, marginalization, workload, and violence. Gender discrimination is translated using established equivalence, explicitation, modulation, paraphrase, implicitation, addition, transposition, reduction, compensation, discursive creation, pure borrowing, deletion, generalization, and particularization. Conclusion: This research reveals that gender discrimination is a phenomenon that commonly occurs in the world community. The research implications are also discussed either empirically or practically at the end of this article.
背景:虽然关于性别歧视的研究已经有很多，但从翻译技巧的角度对这一问题进行实证研究的还不多。因此，本研究旨在研究普拉姆迪亚·阿南塔·塔尔的三部小说中的性别歧视以及性别歧视是如何翻译成英语的。方法:本案例研究应用于Pramoedya Ananta Toer、Anak Semua Bangsa、Rumah Kaca和Jejak Langkah的三部小说。数据通过观察和焦点小组讨论(FGD)收集。采用专题分析法对数据进行分析。结果表明:三部小说中的性别歧视表现为从属、刻板印象、边缘化、工作量和暴力。性别歧视的翻译使用既定的对等、明示、调制、释义、暗示、添加、换位、还原、补偿、话语创造、纯粹借用、删除、概括和特殊化。结论:本研究揭示了性别歧视是国际社会普遍存在的现象。本文最后还从实证和实践两方面对研究意义进行了探讨。
{"title":"The Gender Discrimination in Indonesian Literature Works: A Case Study of Translation","authors":"Nunun Tri Widarwati, M. Nababan, R. Santosa, Sri Samiati Tarjana","doi":"10.24903/sj.v6i2.740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24903/sj.v6i2.740","url":null,"abstract":"Background: \u0000Although many kinds of research on gender discrimination have been made, empirical research on this matter under the perspective of translation technique is still rare. Therefore, this present research aimed to study gender discrimination in three novels authored by Pramoedya Ananta Toer and how gender discrimination is translated into English. \u0000Methodology: \u0000This case study was applied in three novels written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Anak Semua Bangsa, Rumah Kaca, and Jejak Langkah. The data were collected through observations and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. \u0000Findings: \u0000The results showed that gender discrimination in the three novels was subordination, stereotype, marginalization, workload, and violence. Gender discrimination is translated using established equivalence, explicitation, modulation, paraphrase, implicitation, addition, transposition, reduction, compensation, discursive creation, pure borrowing, deletion, generalization, and particularization. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000This research reveals that gender discrimination is a phenomenon that commonly occurs in the world community. The research implications are also discussed either empirically or practically at the end of this article. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":250621,"journal":{"name":"Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134130408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study aims to determine the translation techniques used by visually impaired translators in translating popular scientific texts. Visually impaired translators were used as the subjects of this study because when compared to sighted translators, visually impaired translators had a different way of doing translation activities. The difference in this performance is influenced using text-to-speech tools they use. Apparently, this phenomenon has not been discussed by various specialized translation research previously and by involving blind translators as research subjects directly, translation techniques can be expected to be identified naturally. Methodology: Using popular scientific texts in the field of psychology, two visually impaired translators were assigned to translate 24 sentences in a translation experiment. To analyze the data that was collected, the researchers used analytical techniques consisting of a domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis. Findings: Since they are too dependent on text-to-speech aids, visually impaired translators use a lot of literal and discursive creation translation techniques. The appearance of these two techniques in their translation implies that the resulting translation cannot match the context of the sentence. This happens because text-to-speech applies word-for-word reading. Conclusion: It is important for visually impaired translators to understand the weaknesses of their translation. Translators should minimize the use of literal and discursive creation translation techniques when translating popular scientific texts. One way is to improve their translation competence.
{"title":"Visually Impaired Novice Translators in Using Translation Techniques","authors":"R. A. Nugroho, Muljono Muljono, M. Nababan","doi":"10.24903/sj.v6i2.782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24903/sj.v6i2.782","url":null,"abstract":"Background: \u0000This study aims to determine the translation techniques used by visually impaired translators in translating popular scientific texts. Visually impaired translators were used as the subjects of this study because when compared to sighted translators, visually impaired translators had a different way of doing translation activities. The difference in this performance is influenced using text-to-speech tools they use. Apparently, this phenomenon has not been discussed by various specialized translation research previously and by involving blind translators as research subjects directly, translation techniques can be expected to be identified naturally. \u0000Methodology: \u0000Using popular scientific texts in the field of psychology, two visually impaired translators were assigned to translate 24 sentences in a translation experiment. To analyze the data that was collected, the researchers used analytical techniques consisting of a domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis. \u0000Findings: \u0000Since they are too dependent on text-to-speech aids, visually impaired translators use a lot of literal and discursive creation translation techniques. The appearance of these two techniques in their translation implies that the resulting translation cannot match the context of the sentence. This happens because text-to-speech applies word-for-word reading. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000It is important for visually impaired translators to understand the weaknesses of their translation. Translators should minimize the use of literal and discursive creation translation techniques when translating popular scientific texts. One way is to improve their translation competence. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":250621,"journal":{"name":"Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122939152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Molingit Balintag, Jeffrey Dawala Wilang
Background:Numerous positive gains have been reported on the use of technology in language learning. The current survey of published journal articles reveals a lack of research on its integration to language teaching and learning in graduate language classrooms in EFL settings. In this study, the use of QR codes in the graduate EFL classroom has been investigated concerning its relatedness to affective language learning attributes (herein referred to as ALLAs) including anxiety, engagement, motivation, self-esteem, among others during the lesson on the process of writing. Three objectives were sought (1) to know students’ perceptions on ALLAs before and after the use of QR codes, (2) to establish the relationship between students’ perceived ALLAs and language performance, and (3) to understand specific situations that trigger positive or negative reactions.Methodology:The students were asked to indicate their perceptions concerning ALLAs by using a survey questionnaire before and after the activity. They were also asked to do the QR codes activity to create an essay outline. Further, an open-ended questionnaire was provided to indicate their negative or positive reactions to specific situations during the QR-coded activity.Findings:Results suggest the following (1) there are significant differences in the students’ perceived ALLAs before and after the activity, (2), there is a significant positive correlation between ALLAs and language performance, and (3) twelve specific situations were found to provoke dynamic ALLAs reactions.Conclusion:It is suggested that the use of available technological innovations must be introduced to graduate language teachers as its impacts on ALLAs are overwhelmingly beneficial.
{"title":"QR Codes Utilization in EFL Classroom: Affective Language Learning Attributes in Writing","authors":"Christopher Molingit Balintag, Jeffrey Dawala Wilang","doi":"10.24903/sj.v5i1.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24903/sj.v5i1.425","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Numerous positive gains have been reported on the use of technology in language learning. The current survey of published journal articles reveals a lack of research on its integration to language teaching and learning in graduate language classrooms in EFL settings. In this study, the use of QR codes in the graduate EFL classroom has been investigated concerning its relatedness to affective language learning attributes (herein referred to as ALLAs) including anxiety, engagement, motivation, self-esteem, among others during the lesson on the process of writing. Three objectives were sought (1) to know students’ perceptions on ALLAs before and after the use of QR codes, (2) to establish the relationship between students’ perceived ALLAs and language performance, and (3) to understand specific situations that trigger positive or negative reactions.Methodology:The students were asked to indicate their perceptions concerning ALLAs by using a survey questionnaire before and after the activity. They were also asked to do the QR codes activity to create an essay outline. Further, an open-ended questionnaire was provided to indicate their negative or positive reactions to specific situations during the QR-coded activity.Findings:Results suggest the following (1) there are significant differences in the students’ perceived ALLAs before and after the activity, (2), there is a significant positive correlation between ALLAs and language performance, and (3) twelve specific situations were found to provoke dynamic ALLAs reactions.Conclusion:It is suggested that the use of available technological innovations must be introduced to graduate language teachers as its impacts on ALLAs are overwhelmingly beneficial.","PeriodicalId":250621,"journal":{"name":"Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122611601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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