Pub Date : 2003-06-08DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210941
A. Alú, N. Engheta
Here we analyze guided wave propagation in a parallel-plate waveguide filled with a pair of parallel lossless slabs; one possessing negative real permittivity but positive real permeability, and the other with negative real permeability and positive real permittivity, in the range of frequency of interest. It is shown that such a waveguide can support only a single propagating mode, essentially independent of the total thickness of this structure. Furthermore, this waveguide can still possess a propagating mode even when its thickness is very small. Field distribution and dispersion relations in such a mono-modal waveguide are obtained and discussed with physical insights and intuitive description for the mathematical findings.
{"title":"Mono-modal waveguides filled with a pair of parallel epsilon-negative (ENG) and mu-negative (MNG) metamaterial layers","authors":"A. Alú, N. Engheta","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210941","url":null,"abstract":"Here we analyze guided wave propagation in a parallel-plate waveguide filled with a pair of parallel lossless slabs; one possessing negative real permittivity but positive real permeability, and the other with negative real permeability and positive real permittivity, in the range of frequency of interest. It is shown that such a waveguide can support only a single propagating mode, essentially independent of the total thickness of this structure. Furthermore, this waveguide can still possess a propagating mode even when its thickness is very small. Field distribution and dispersion relations in such a mono-modal waveguide are obtained and discussed with physical insights and intuitive description for the mathematical findings.","PeriodicalId":252251,"journal":{"name":"IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115208187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-08DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210976
Chien-Chang Huang, Han-Ting Pai
A recursive scheme for the 2D Taylor-series coefficient evaluation of MESFET drain current characteristics is proposed by using low-frequency harmonic power measurements with the associated phase polarity information. The formulation is in a systematic approach to acquire the general expressions for various order terms. Numerical studies examine the validity of the proposed method with additional measurement uncertainty simulations. Experimental verifications with the two-tone intermodulation distortion of a MESFET amplifier are also shown.
{"title":"A recursive scheme for MESFET nonlinear current coefficient evaluation applied in Volterra-series analysis","authors":"Chien-Chang Huang, Han-Ting Pai","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210976","url":null,"abstract":"A recursive scheme for the 2D Taylor-series coefficient evaluation of MESFET drain current characteristics is proposed by using low-frequency harmonic power measurements with the associated phase polarity information. The formulation is in a systematic approach to acquire the general expressions for various order terms. Numerical studies examine the validity of the proposed method with additional measurement uncertainty simulations. Experimental verifications with the two-tone intermodulation distortion of a MESFET amplifier are also shown.","PeriodicalId":252251,"journal":{"name":"IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122820375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-08DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210438
S. Kumar, M. Vice, H. Morkner, W. Lam
A new front end IC has been designed using a single supply enhancement mode GaAs PHEMT 0.5 /spl mu/m process for WCDMA and other wireless applications. This front end has a single ended LNA, single ended in and differential out active balanced mixer with integrated LO, active balun, and buffer amplifier. The LNA also has CMOS logic controllable linearity (IP3) control and a phased matched mitigated bypass switch. The LNA draws 8.5 mA current when switched to high linearity mode and has 15 dB gain, 1 dB NF, -6 dBm IP/sub 1dB/ and 7.3 dBm IIP3. In low linearity mode, it draws 3.5 mA current and has 14 dB gain, 1.1 dB NF, -6 dBm IP/sub 1dB/ and 2 dBm IIP3. In LNA bypass mode, the total bypass loss is <3.5 dB and has 7 dB NF, 5 dBm IIP3 and it draws /spl sim/1 mA current. Also, the bypass switch circuit has an integrated active phase shift network which maintains a phase difference of <25/spl deg/ with LNA ON modes. In all conditions, the LNA/switch combo has >10 dB I/O return loss. The mixer, with active balun and buffer amplifier, consumes 8 mA current and has 12 dB gain, 7 dB noise figure, 0 dBm IIP3 and provides a differential IF out with a differential impedance of about 1000 ohms. The above performance is measured at 2.14 GHz for WCDMA applications.
{"title":"Enhancement mode GaAs PHEMT LNA with linearity control (IP3) and phased matched mitigated bypass switch and differential active mixer","authors":"S. Kumar, M. Vice, H. Morkner, W. Lam","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210438","url":null,"abstract":"A new front end IC has been designed using a single supply enhancement mode GaAs PHEMT 0.5 /spl mu/m process for WCDMA and other wireless applications. This front end has a single ended LNA, single ended in and differential out active balanced mixer with integrated LO, active balun, and buffer amplifier. The LNA also has CMOS logic controllable linearity (IP3) control and a phased matched mitigated bypass switch. The LNA draws 8.5 mA current when switched to high linearity mode and has 15 dB gain, 1 dB NF, -6 dBm IP/sub 1dB/ and 7.3 dBm IIP3. In low linearity mode, it draws 3.5 mA current and has 14 dB gain, 1.1 dB NF, -6 dBm IP/sub 1dB/ and 2 dBm IIP3. In LNA bypass mode, the total bypass loss is <3.5 dB and has 7 dB NF, 5 dBm IIP3 and it draws /spl sim/1 mA current. Also, the bypass switch circuit has an integrated active phase shift network which maintains a phase difference of <25/spl deg/ with LNA ON modes. In all conditions, the LNA/switch combo has >10 dB I/O return loss. The mixer, with active balun and buffer amplifier, consumes 8 mA current and has 12 dB gain, 7 dB noise figure, 0 dBm IIP3 and provides a differential IF out with a differential impedance of about 1000 ohms. The above performance is measured at 2.14 GHz for WCDMA applications.","PeriodicalId":252251,"journal":{"name":"IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122988235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-08DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210426
L. Howard, N.K. Simon, D. Rabideau
In an active phased array, each Transmitter/Receiver Module (TRM) performs a set of approximately linear functions (e.g., amplification, mixing, etc.) with the resulting signals later combined via beamforming techniques. Since these nearly-linear functions are performed prior to beamforming, it is theoretically possible to improve upon the dynamic range (DR) of each TRM through post-module array integration gain. It has been demonstrated, however, that DR enhancement may be limited by correlated nonlinear distortion (i.e., correlated from module to module). A general technique that ensures nonlinearities do not add constructively from module to module has been proposed recently, and verified experimentally for a special case. Another special case of the general technique has been described analytically, but with no experimental verification. In this paper, we correct a flaw in this analysis, and extend it. Measurements on a thirteen channel digital phased array demonstrate that introducing random phase shifts into an array can substantially mitigate nonlinear distortion, thus improving DR over the array.
{"title":"Mitigation of correlated non-linearities in digital phased arrays using channel-dependent phase shifts","authors":"L. Howard, N.K. Simon, D. Rabideau","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210426","url":null,"abstract":"In an active phased array, each Transmitter/Receiver Module (TRM) performs a set of approximately linear functions (e.g., amplification, mixing, etc.) with the resulting signals later combined via beamforming techniques. Since these nearly-linear functions are performed prior to beamforming, it is theoretically possible to improve upon the dynamic range (DR) of each TRM through post-module array integration gain. It has been demonstrated, however, that DR enhancement may be limited by correlated nonlinear distortion (i.e., correlated from module to module). A general technique that ensures nonlinearities do not add constructively from module to module has been proposed recently, and verified experimentally for a special case. Another special case of the general technique has been described analytically, but with no experimental verification. In this paper, we correct a flaw in this analysis, and extend it. Measurements on a thirteen channel digital phased array demonstrate that introducing random phase shifts into an array can substantially mitigate nonlinear distortion, thus improving DR over the array.","PeriodicalId":252251,"journal":{"name":"IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114143493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-08DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212481
K. Duwe, J. Muller
The realization of a 150 GHz to 450 GHz tripler circuit based on a thin dielectric HMDS-N membrane is described. The design requires an integration of a GaAs-based heterostructure barrier varactor on a passive feeding structure based on a thin dielectric membrane, which is realized by thermocompression bonding. First measurements show sufficient output power and efficiencies.
{"title":"Realization of a 150 GHz to 450 GHz tripler circuit based on a thin dielectric HMDS-N-membrane","authors":"K. Duwe, J. Muller","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212481","url":null,"abstract":"The realization of a 150 GHz to 450 GHz tripler circuit based on a thin dielectric HMDS-N membrane is described. The design requires an integration of a GaAs-based heterostructure barrier varactor on a passive feeding structure based on a thin dielectric membrane, which is realized by thermocompression bonding. First measurements show sufficient output power and efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":252251,"journal":{"name":"IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114259309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-08DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210516
A. Tombak, A. Mortazawi
A novel phased array based on the extended resonance power dividing technique has been presented. This phased array eliminates the need for a separate power splitter and phase shifters in a conventional phased array system. As a proof of principle, a 2 GHz extended resonance based phased array consisting of 4 microstrip patch antennas has been designed, fabricated and tested. The measured scan range was +/- 13.5 degrees with an average beamwidth of 26 degrees.
{"title":"A novel phased array based on the extended resonance power dividing technique","authors":"A. Tombak, A. Mortazawi","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210516","url":null,"abstract":"A novel phased array based on the extended resonance power dividing technique has been presented. This phased array eliminates the need for a separate power splitter and phase shifters in a conventional phased array system. As a proof of principle, a 2 GHz extended resonance based phased array consisting of 4 microstrip patch antennas has been designed, fabricated and tested. The measured scan range was +/- 13.5 degrees with an average beamwidth of 26 degrees.","PeriodicalId":252251,"journal":{"name":"IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129561684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-08DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210614
Young-Taek Lee, Jongsik Lim, Sungwon Kim, Jaechun Lee, S. Nam, K. Seo, D. Ahn
A CPW based spiral-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is used in a MMIC for the first time to reduce the phase noise in a V-band MMIC oscillator. The parallel equivalent L-C components, resulting from defects on both ground planes in the CPW, produce a band rejection property. Hence the spiral-shaped DGS can be employed at the gate circuit of the series feedback oscillator to improve the quality factor of the oscillator. A V-band CPW MMIC oscillator, incorporated with this DGS resonator, was designed, fabricated and measured. To demonstrate the effect of the spiral-shaped DGS on phase noise, another oscillator with only a conventional open stub CPW line was also tested. The phase noise performance of the oscillator with the spiral-shaped DGS is improved by 8 dB compared to that of the oscillator without the DGS.
{"title":"Application of CPW based spiral-shaped defected ground structure to the reduction of phase noise in V-band MMIC oscillator","authors":"Young-Taek Lee, Jongsik Lim, Sungwon Kim, Jaechun Lee, S. Nam, K. Seo, D. Ahn","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210614","url":null,"abstract":"A CPW based spiral-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is used in a MMIC for the first time to reduce the phase noise in a V-band MMIC oscillator. The parallel equivalent L-C components, resulting from defects on both ground planes in the CPW, produce a band rejection property. Hence the spiral-shaped DGS can be employed at the gate circuit of the series feedback oscillator to improve the quality factor of the oscillator. A V-band CPW MMIC oscillator, incorporated with this DGS resonator, was designed, fabricated and measured. To demonstrate the effect of the spiral-shaped DGS on phase noise, another oscillator with only a conventional open stub CPW line was also tested. The phase noise performance of the oscillator with the spiral-shaped DGS is improved by 8 dB compared to that of the oscillator without the DGS.","PeriodicalId":252251,"journal":{"name":"IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129784527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-08DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212565
M. Bakr, N. Nikolova
We present a breakthrough algorithm for efficient estimation of objective function sensitivities for time-domain TLM with nondispersive boundaries. The original electromagnetic structure is simulated using TLM. An adjoint TLM simulation that runs backward in time is derived and solved. The sensitivities of the objective function with respect to all the designable parameters are estimated using only the original and adjoint simulations. Our approach is illustrated through estimating the sensitivities of an objective function with respect to the dimensions of a waveguide discontinuity.
{"title":"An adjoint variable method for time domain TLM with fixed structured grids","authors":"M. Bakr, N. Nikolova","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212565","url":null,"abstract":"We present a breakthrough algorithm for efficient estimation of objective function sensitivities for time-domain TLM with nondispersive boundaries. The original electromagnetic structure is simulated using TLM. An adjoint TLM simulation that runs backward in time is derived and solved. The sensitivities of the objective function with respect to all the designable parameters are estimated using only the original and adjoint simulations. Our approach is illustrated through estimating the sensitivities of an objective function with respect to the dimensions of a waveguide discontinuity.","PeriodicalId":252251,"journal":{"name":"IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128429435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-08DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212463
J. Zehentner, J. Macháč, J. Mrkvica, C. Tuzi
This paper recalls modes which can propagate on the conductor-backed slotline. The characteristic of the dominant mode on the CBSL is documented. The ICBSL is a modification of the CBSL placed in a dielectric with permittivity higher than the substrate permittivity. The modes on this line, including the interesting dominant leaky mode, are presented.
{"title":"Modes on the standard and inverted conductor-backed slotline","authors":"J. Zehentner, J. Macháč, J. Mrkvica, C. Tuzi","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212463","url":null,"abstract":"This paper recalls modes which can propagate on the conductor-backed slotline. The characteristic of the dominant mode on the CBSL is documented. The ICBSL is a modification of the CBSL placed in a dielectric with permittivity higher than the substrate permittivity. The modes on this line, including the interesting dominant leaky mode, are presented.","PeriodicalId":252251,"journal":{"name":"IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128523027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-08DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212618
H. S. Jang, H. T. Jeong, C. Kim, Ik-Soo Chang
A new predistortion method using phase modulation technique is proposed. The phase modulator is adopted for generating predistortion signal. The phase of input signal is modulated with the envelope signal from the envelope detector then the IMD components are generated. Each coefficient of the 3/sup rd/ and 5/sup th/ order intermodulation distortion (IMD) is optimized to improve the linearity of the power amplifier. The amplitude and phase of IMD components are controlled in RF carrier band. This makes it possible to overcome several drawbacks of the envelope control methods such as difficulties in controlling the phase of baseband signal, narrow bandwidth, and delay variation at the low frequency circuits. The experimental results show the sufficient improvements in two-tone and multi-carrier CDMA test over the broad dynamic range.
{"title":"New predistortion method using phase modulation with envelope signal","authors":"H. S. Jang, H. T. Jeong, C. Kim, Ik-Soo Chang","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1212618","url":null,"abstract":"A new predistortion method using phase modulation technique is proposed. The phase modulator is adopted for generating predistortion signal. The phase of input signal is modulated with the envelope signal from the envelope detector then the IMD components are generated. Each coefficient of the 3/sup rd/ and 5/sup th/ order intermodulation distortion (IMD) is optimized to improve the linearity of the power amplifier. The amplitude and phase of IMD components are controlled in RF carrier band. This makes it possible to overcome several drawbacks of the envelope control methods such as difficulties in controlling the phase of baseband signal, narrow bandwidth, and delay variation at the low frequency circuits. The experimental results show the sufficient improvements in two-tone and multi-carrier CDMA test over the broad dynamic range.","PeriodicalId":252251,"journal":{"name":"IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129340246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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