{"title":"Gastroprotective activity of hot ethanolic extract Alpinia calcarata rhizome in rats","authors":"L. Arambewela, L. Arawwawala, W. Ratnasooriya","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V48I1.4838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V48I1.4838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127827150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Iddamaldeniya, S. Wickremasinghe, M. I. Thabrew, N. Ratnatunga, M. G. Tammitiyagodage
A decoction prepared from a mixture of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus root, and Smilax glabra rhizome used by some traditional medical practitioners in Sri Lanka is considered to be useful for the treatment of cancer patients. However, there is a lack of information about any adverse effects of this decoction. Experiments were carried out using Wistar rats and ICR mice as the experimental model, to evaluate any adverse effects mediated by the above decoction. Results of the investigations showed that administration of the decoction (at doses of 4g/kg body weight/day and 6g/kg body weight/day) to rats for three months had no adverse effects on the liver functions (as assessed by its effects on serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) or haematological parameters (red blood cell count, white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration). No significant pathological changes were observed in sections of the major body organs (liver, heart, lungs, stomach, duodenum and kidney) of animals treated with the decoction for three months. The investigations also demonstrated that the decoction did not have anti-ovulatory, anti-implantation, spermicidal activity. An attempt to determine the LDM concentration was unsuccessful. Even at a dose equivalent to 40 times (240g/kg/day) the normal therapeutic dose (6g/kg/day), no mortality or other toxic symptoms (loss of consciousness, salivation, muscle tremor, incoordination, hyperaesthesia, polyuria, anuria, polydipsea, defecation, piloerection, changes in locomotor activity, changes in posture, ataxia and loss of reflexes) were observed. Three month treatment with the decoction also did not produce any changes in average feed consumption, average body weight: liver weight ratios, or the general behaviour of the animals.
{"title":"An Investigation of the toxic effects of a herbal formulation with anti-carcinogenic properties","authors":"S. Iddamaldeniya, S. Wickremasinghe, M. I. Thabrew, N. Ratnatunga, M. G. Tammitiyagodage","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V48I1.4839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V48I1.4839","url":null,"abstract":"A decoction prepared from a mixture of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus root, and Smilax glabra rhizome used by some traditional medical practitioners in Sri Lanka is considered to be useful for the treatment of cancer patients. However, there is a lack of information about any adverse effects of this decoction. Experiments were carried out using Wistar rats and ICR mice as the experimental model, to evaluate any adverse effects mediated by the above decoction. Results of the investigations showed that administration of the decoction (at doses of 4g/kg body weight/day and 6g/kg body weight/day) to rats for three months had no adverse effects on the liver functions (as assessed by its effects on serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) or haematological parameters (red blood cell count, white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration). No significant pathological changes were observed in sections of the major body organs (liver, heart, lungs, stomach, duodenum and kidney) of animals treated with the decoction for three months. The investigations also demonstrated that the decoction did not have anti-ovulatory, anti-implantation, spermicidal activity. An attempt to determine the LDM concentration was unsuccessful. Even at a dose equivalent to 40 times (240g/kg/day) the normal therapeutic dose (6g/kg/day), no mortality or other toxic symptoms (loss of consciousness, salivation, muscle tremor, incoordination, hyperaesthesia, polyuria, anuria, polydipsea, defecation, piloerection, changes in locomotor activity, changes in posture, ataxia and loss of reflexes) were observed. Three month treatment with the decoction also did not produce any changes in average feed consumption, average body weight: liver weight ratios, or the general behaviour of the animals.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132603224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The blood pressure of 496 (227males and 269 females) Uva-Bintenne Veddas in the age range 1 to 80 years were recorded at Hennanigala South and Dambana. In both males and females there is no progressive increase of pressure with age. In the females both curves are more variable with the systolic pressure higher than in the males except in the age range 31-40 and the diastolic pressure higher up to 50 years. When compared with a 1989 study of a rural breeding isolate of the Sinhalese the pressures of both males and females were significantly higher in the age range 1-15 years with no steep rise of the curve from 1-18 years. The aetiology of the difference is postulated to be genetic rather than environmental.
{"title":"Variation in blood pressure with age and sex of the Uva-Bintenne Veddas","authors":"E. Wikramanayake, M. Chandrasekera","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V47I2.4841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V47I2.4841","url":null,"abstract":"The blood pressure of 496 (227males and 269 females) Uva-Bintenne Veddas in the age range 1 to 80 years were recorded at Hennanigala South and Dambana. In both males and females there is no progressive increase of pressure with age. In the females both curves are more variable with the systolic pressure higher than in the males except in the age range 31-40 and the diastolic pressure higher up to 50 years. When compared with a 1989 study of a rural breeding isolate of the Sinhalese the pressures of both males and females were significantly higher in the age range 1-15 years with no steep rise of the curve from 1-18 years. The aetiology of the difference is postulated to be genetic rather than environmental.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121371235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Senaviratne, N. Nanayakkara, K. Walgama, A. Yatawatte, G. D. A. Goonasekera
A prototype computer based decision support system was developed to simulate a doctors' decision making process using a relational database consisting 25 clinical features and 10 common diseases encountered in critical care. The relationship between diseases and clinical features was cited by a sensitivity and a specificity value for each clinical feature. A clinical expert arbitrarily determined the sensitivity and specificity values. The cumulative probability values of each disease in relation to presenting clinical features were calculated using simple decision algorithm with ranked values to determine the most probable diagnosis. The database was built using Microsoft Access and the interfaces in Visual Basic environment. In the program the output window provides the user with 5 most likely diagnoses with a display of ranked probability values. This differential diagnosis can be refined repetitively using new information. The system was validated using data from 26 patients admitted to a regional intensive care unit. The prototype decision support system was able to predict the true diagnosis with a sensitivity value of 88% as rank 1 and 96% as both rank 1 or 2. Thus results show that this novel approach of decision support could be more reliable to assist a doctor.
{"title":"A prototype medical decision support system that utilizes 'sensitivity' and 'specificity' of a clinical feature for diagnosis: a novel approach","authors":"G. Senaviratne, N. Nanayakkara, K. Walgama, A. Yatawatte, G. D. A. Goonasekera","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V47I2.4843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V47I2.4843","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype computer based decision support system was developed to simulate a doctors' decision making process using a relational database consisting 25 clinical features and 10 common diseases encountered in critical care. The relationship between diseases and clinical features was cited by a sensitivity and a specificity value for each clinical feature. A clinical expert arbitrarily determined the sensitivity and specificity values. The cumulative probability values of each disease in relation to presenting clinical features were calculated using simple decision algorithm with ranked values to determine the most probable diagnosis. The database was built using Microsoft Access and the interfaces in Visual Basic environment. In the program the output window provides the user with 5 most likely diagnoses with a display of ranked probability values. This differential diagnosis can be refined repetitively using new information. The system was validated using data from 26 patients admitted to a regional intensive care unit. The prototype decision support system was able to predict the true diagnosis with a sensitivity value of 88% as rank 1 and 96% as both rank 1 or 2. Thus results show that this novel approach of decision support could be more reliable to assist a doctor.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129697608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dissanayake, N. Fernando, G. Dabare, D. Weerasekera, R. Mahendra
Objective The objective of our study was to compare the efficacy of five different surgical scrubbing agents (plain soap, antiseptic soap, 4% chlorhexidine, 7.5% povidone iodine and a commercial preparation of alcohol hand rub) in reducing the hand bacterial flora in two operation theatres in the Colombo South Teaching Hospital before and immediately after scrubbing. Design A comparative study. Setting Two operation theatres of the Colombo South Teaching Hospital. Participants Ten members of theatre staff who regularly operate or assist. Methods Hand scrubbing with the respective agent/rubbing with alcohol by all participants on different days. On each occasion imprints of fingertips and palm of the dominant hand was taken immediately before and after hand hygiene procedure. The bacterial colony .counts were taken after overnight incubation. The mean percentage reduction of colony counts was taken as the efficacy indicator. Statistical analysis was done by paired t test. Results Highest reduction of colony counts was by alcohol hand rub and it was significandy better than plain soap, antiseptic soap and povidone iodine (P 0.05). Conclusions Hand rubbing with alcohol and scrubbing with 4% chlorhexidine effectively reduced hand bacterial flora and they are superior to hand washing with plain soap and antiseptic soap. There is no added advantage in substituting antiseptic soap for plain soap in order to reduce bacterial burden in hands.
{"title":"The efficacy of surgical scrubs in reducing hand bacterial flora","authors":"D. Dissanayake, N. Fernando, G. Dabare, D. Weerasekera, R. Mahendra","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V47I1.4845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V47I1.4845","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The objective of our study was to compare the efficacy of five different surgical scrubbing agents (plain soap, antiseptic soap, 4% chlorhexidine, 7.5% povidone iodine and a commercial preparation of alcohol hand rub) in reducing the hand bacterial flora in two operation theatres in the Colombo South Teaching Hospital before and immediately after scrubbing. Design A comparative study. Setting Two operation theatres of the Colombo South Teaching Hospital. Participants Ten members of theatre staff who regularly operate or assist. Methods Hand scrubbing with the respective agent/rubbing with alcohol by all participants on different days. On each occasion imprints of fingertips and palm of the dominant hand was taken immediately before and after hand hygiene procedure. The bacterial colony .counts were taken after overnight incubation. The mean percentage reduction of colony counts was taken as the efficacy indicator. Statistical analysis was done by paired t test. Results Highest reduction of colony counts was by alcohol hand rub and it was significandy better than plain soap, antiseptic soap and povidone iodine (P 0.05). Conclusions Hand rubbing with alcohol and scrubbing with 4% chlorhexidine effectively reduced hand bacterial flora and they are superior to hand washing with plain soap and antiseptic soap. There is no added advantage in substituting antiseptic soap for plain soap in order to reduce bacterial burden in hands.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114898178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Amarasena, A. Rajaratne, P. Balasuriya, N. Amarasena
Sri Lanka has high daytime ambient temperatures throughout the year that are too high to allow dissipation of body heat by non-evaporative methods. The predominant method of heat loss in the tropics, the evaporative heat loss, is also limited because of high humidity caused by wet conditions. Therefore, the limitations to thermoregulation could lead to poor work performance. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of two different ambient temperatures (28.5°C with relative humidity of 73.4% and 22.6°C with relative humidity of 64%) on the recovery from muscular exercise. The study was conducted on 20 sedentary male university students aged 21-24 years (mean 22.5 years). They were made to perform standard exercise for six minutes on a bicycle ergometer at two different ambient temperatures on two different occasions. Physiological parameters including heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, axillary temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at rest and during recovery at five-minute intervals up to 20 minutes. Results showed that although the recovery pattern of cardio-respiratory changes were similar at these two ambient temperatures, the values for heart rate, pulmonary ventilation and systolic blood pressure at the end of exercise at higher ambient temperature with higher relative humidity were significantly higher. At least in the study situation, the lower ambient temperature would be more favourable with regard to cardio-respiratory changes while performing moderate exercise. These findings point to the importance of planning different schedules of work and resting periods for different environmental conditions, especially, those with high ambient temperature and high relative humidity.
{"title":"Effect of ambient temperature on recovery from muscular exercise","authors":"J. Amarasena, A. Rajaratne, P. Balasuriya, N. Amarasena","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V47I1.4848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V47I1.4848","url":null,"abstract":"Sri Lanka has high daytime ambient temperatures throughout the year that are too high to allow dissipation of body heat by non-evaporative methods. The predominant method of heat loss in the tropics, the evaporative heat loss, is also limited because of high humidity caused by wet conditions. Therefore, the limitations to thermoregulation could lead to poor work performance. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of two different ambient temperatures (28.5°C with relative humidity of 73.4% and 22.6°C with relative humidity of 64%) on the recovery from muscular exercise. The study was conducted on 20 sedentary male university students aged 21-24 years (mean 22.5 years). They were made to perform standard exercise for six minutes on a bicycle ergometer at two different ambient temperatures on two different occasions. Physiological parameters including heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, axillary temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at rest and during recovery at five-minute intervals up to 20 minutes. Results showed that although the recovery pattern of cardio-respiratory changes were similar at these two ambient temperatures, the values for heart rate, pulmonary ventilation and systolic blood pressure at the end of exercise at higher ambient temperature with higher relative humidity were significantly higher. At least in the study situation, the lower ambient temperature would be more favourable with regard to cardio-respiratory changes while performing moderate exercise. These findings point to the importance of planning different schedules of work and resting periods for different environmental conditions, especially, those with high ambient temperature and high relative humidity.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134452055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Dissanayake, M. Chandrasekera, E. Wikramanayake
{"title":"The prevalence and mode of inheritance of Carabelli trait in the Sinhalese","authors":"U. Dissanayake, M. Chandrasekera, E. Wikramanayake","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V47I1.4846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V47I1.4846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130213976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Icon (R) is a water miscible type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide based on active ingredient lambda cyhalothrin (10% w/v). It was recently introduced to Sri Lanka as an indoor spray against malaria vector mosquitoes. The aim of this study was to ascertain the potential effects of Icon (R) on pregnancy outcome of rats when exposed during mid pregnancy (days 8 -14). Icon (R) was orally administered daily during this period in three different doses: 63, 83, 125 mg/kg body wt./day of Icon (R) (active ingredient; lambda cyhalothrin ; 6.3, 8.3, 12.5 mg/kg/day) respectively. Several parameters of reproduction, pre- and post-natal development were monitored. The results demonstrated that Icon (R) is detrimental to pregnancy outcome (in terms of number of uterine implants, number of viable implants, post implantation loss, number of pups born, litter index, and foetal survival ratio) but induced no changes in gestational length, gross morphological birth abnormalities or detectable pre- and post- natal developmental impairments. The anti-reproductive effects of Icon (R) were mediated by multiple mechanisms (hypophagia, maternal toxicity, stress, uterine myotropic activity, embryofoetoxicity, anti-progestrogenic activity, inhibition of decidualizaton process, abortifacient activity and vaginal bleeding) leading to enhancement of postimplantation losses. It is concluded that exposure to Icon (R) during mid gestation poses a considerable threat to pregnancy of rats.
{"title":"Antigestational effects of Icon (R) , a pyrethroid insecticide on mid pregnancy of rats","authors":"W. Ratnasooriya, S. Ratnayake, Y. Jayatunga","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V47I1.4847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V47I1.4847","url":null,"abstract":"Icon (R) is a water miscible type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide based on active ingredient lambda cyhalothrin (10% w/v). It was recently introduced to Sri Lanka as an indoor spray against malaria vector mosquitoes. The aim of this study was to ascertain the potential effects of Icon (R) on pregnancy outcome of rats when exposed during mid pregnancy (days 8 -14). Icon (R) was orally administered daily during this period in three different doses: 63, 83, 125 mg/kg body wt./day of Icon (R) (active ingredient; lambda cyhalothrin ; 6.3, 8.3, 12.5 mg/kg/day) respectively. Several parameters of reproduction, pre- and post-natal development were monitored. The results demonstrated that Icon (R) is detrimental to pregnancy outcome (in terms of number of uterine implants, number of viable implants, post implantation loss, number of pups born, litter index, and foetal survival ratio) but induced no changes in gestational length, gross morphological birth abnormalities or detectable pre- and post- natal developmental impairments. The anti-reproductive effects of Icon (R) were mediated by multiple mechanisms (hypophagia, maternal toxicity, stress, uterine myotropic activity, embryofoetoxicity, anti-progestrogenic activity, inhibition of decidualizaton process, abortifacient activity and vaginal bleeding) leading to enhancement of postimplantation losses. It is concluded that exposure to Icon (R) during mid gestation poses a considerable threat to pregnancy of rats.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125829298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Sri Lanka, the first dose of pre-exposure antirabies vaccine is given to puppies at the age of 3 months with annual boosters. There have been many instances where puppies of less than 3 months have been affected with rabies. Antirabies vaccination failures have also been reported. Therefore, it is important to know the duration of protection in dogs following antirabies immunization. Animals for this study were divided into two main groups (adult dogs and puppies) and further subdivided into 4 groups (adult dogs with a past immunization history against rabies, adult dogs without a past immunization history, puppies of immunized bitches and puppies of unimmunized bitches). In this study, neutralizing antibody titres in puppies and adult dogs following pre and post anti-rabies immunization were determined by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. All animals were bled on days 0 (D0 preimmunization), 30 (DJ 0), 180 ( D | g 0 ) and 360 (t>3 J . Titres were less than 0.5 IU/mL (protective antibody titre against rabies) in DQ samples of all puppies recruited for this study, in 26.7% of DJ 0 samples of puppies of unimmunized bitches, in 89.5% of D| 8 0 samples of puppies and in all DJ 60 samples of puppies. Antibody titres in 50% of DJ 6 0 samples of adult dogs without a previous immunization history were also less than 0.5 IU/ mL. Antibody titres of all dogs with a past immunization history against rabies, were maintained above the protective level 1 year after immunization. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that puppies should be immunized against rabies before the age of 3 months with a booster at a suitable interval. Thereafter, annual revaccination should be done. Adult dogs without a past immunization history also should be given two anti-rabies vaccines in the first year at a suitable interval in order to maintain a protective antibody titre until the annual booster.
{"title":"Persistence of antibody titres in adult dogs and puppies following anti-rabies immunization","authors":"M. Gunatilake, O. Wimalaratne, K. Perera","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4849","url":null,"abstract":"In Sri Lanka, the first dose of pre-exposure antirabies vaccine is given to puppies at the age of 3 months with annual boosters. There have been many instances where puppies of less than 3 months have been affected with rabies. Antirabies vaccination failures have also been reported. Therefore, it is important to know the duration of protection in dogs following antirabies immunization. Animals for this study were divided into two main groups (adult dogs and puppies) and further subdivided into 4 groups (adult dogs with a past immunization history against rabies, adult dogs without a past immunization history, puppies of immunized bitches and puppies of unimmunized bitches). In this study, neutralizing antibody titres in puppies and adult dogs following pre and post anti-rabies immunization were determined by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. All animals were bled on days 0 (D0 preimmunization), 30 (DJ 0), 180 ( D | g 0 ) and 360 (t>3 J . Titres were less than 0.5 IU/mL (protective antibody titre against rabies) in DQ samples of all puppies recruited for this study, in 26.7% of DJ 0 samples of puppies of unimmunized bitches, in 89.5% of D| 8 0 samples of puppies and in all DJ 60 samples of puppies. Antibody titres in 50% of DJ 6 0 samples of adult dogs without a previous immunization history were also less than 0.5 IU/ mL. Antibody titres of all dogs with a past immunization history against rabies, were maintained above the protective level 1 year after immunization. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that puppies should be immunized against rabies before the age of 3 months with a booster at a suitable interval. Thereafter, annual revaccination should be done. Adult dogs without a past immunization history also should be given two anti-rabies vaccines in the first year at a suitable interval in order to maintain a protective antibody titre until the annual booster.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114947757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Estimation of urinary albumin excretion in micro quantities requires expensive immunochemical methods which are not freely available in developing countries with limited resources. A study was performed to set up a simple cost-effective test to quantitatively assess the microalbuminuria. Urine specimens (173 samples) were collected and albumin concentration was estimated by precipitating with 25% sulphosalicylic acid (SSA) and use of a light dependent resistor (LDR) system. As the sensitivity of LDR system was interfered by the colour pigment of urine, all samples were run through a Sephadex G-25 micro column to separate the colour pigment. The present test detects albumin concentrations in the range 10-200 mg/L with a sensitivity and specificity values of 83 and 79% respectively. We conclude that the present LDR micro column gel filtration method can be used as a cost -effective screening test for microalbuminuria in developing countries.
{"title":"A simple cost-effective screening test for microalbuminuria","authors":"H. Peiris, A. Keerthi, U. Hewage, D. Fernando","doi":"10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CJMS.V46I2.4850","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of urinary albumin excretion in micro quantities requires expensive immunochemical methods which are not freely available in developing countries with limited resources. A study was performed to set up a simple cost-effective test to quantitatively assess the microalbuminuria. Urine specimens (173 samples) were collected and albumin concentration was estimated by precipitating with 25% sulphosalicylic acid (SSA) and use of a light dependent resistor (LDR) system. As the sensitivity of LDR system was interfered by the colour pigment of urine, all samples were run through a Sephadex G-25 micro column to separate the colour pigment. The present test detects albumin concentrations in the range 10-200 mg/L with a sensitivity and specificity values of 83 and 79% respectively. We conclude that the present LDR micro column gel filtration method can be used as a cost -effective screening test for microalbuminuria in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":253405,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Medical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129776810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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