The field of systems biology, in dealing with the problem of reliability, incorporates theoretical and experimental investigations of quantitative characteristics and mechanisms of failures and renewal processes. Regular conferences on the problems of reliability of biological systems, starting from 1975 in Kiev, former USSR, have given the strong impetus to research in this direction. It has also spurred the studies on biological reliability (under the style of "robustness") on other side of the former "iron curtain". In this report, I present the results of application of the systems reliability theory to the problems of aging. On this basis, the universal features of aging, such as the exponential growth of mortality rate with time and the correlation of longevity with the species-specific resting metabolism are naturally explained. The stochastic malfunctions of the mitochondrial electron transport nanoreactors, which produce superoxide radicals, seem to be of first importance. The longevity of human brain could reach 250 years should the antioxidant defense against the free-radical failures be perfect. Thus, aging occurs as the consequence of the genetically preset deficiency in reliability of the biomolecular constructions while the free-radical timer serves as the effective stochastic mechanism of realization of the program of aging. Besides, the systems reliability approach serves as heuristic methodology for development of novel preventive medicine.
{"title":"Mathematical Theory of Reliability and Aging: Teaching Comes from Kiev","authors":"V. Koltover","doi":"10.1109/SMRLO.2016.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMRLO.2016.68","url":null,"abstract":"The field of systems biology, in dealing with the problem of reliability, incorporates theoretical and experimental investigations of quantitative characteristics and mechanisms of failures and renewal processes. Regular conferences on the problems of reliability of biological systems, starting from 1975 in Kiev, former USSR, have given the strong impetus to research in this direction. It has also spurred the studies on biological reliability (under the style of \"robustness\") on other side of the former \"iron curtain\". In this report, I present the results of application of the systems reliability theory to the problems of aging. On this basis, the universal features of aging, such as the exponential growth of mortality rate with time and the correlation of longevity with the species-specific resting metabolism are naturally explained. The stochastic malfunctions of the mitochondrial electron transport nanoreactors, which produce superoxide radicals, seem to be of first importance. The longevity of human brain could reach 250 years should the antioxidant defense against the free-radical failures be perfect. Thus, aging occurs as the consequence of the genetically preset deficiency in reliability of the biomolecular constructions while the free-radical timer serves as the effective stochastic mechanism of realization of the program of aging. Besides, the systems reliability approach serves as heuristic methodology for development of novel preventive medicine.","PeriodicalId":254910,"journal":{"name":"2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126781722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given a random object on a stratified space, one defines the Fréchet mean, the Fréchet antimean and additional population parameters associated withits Fréchet function, in case this function is a Morse function as well. In this paper we give large sample and nonparametric bootstrap estimation methods for these parameters, followed by the consistency of Fréchet sample antimean and the Central Limit Theorem of Fréchet sample antimean.
{"title":"Nonparametric Inference for Location Parameters via Fréchet Functions","authors":"V. Patrangenaru, Ruite Guo, K. D. Yao","doi":"10.1109/SMRLO.2016.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMRLO.2016.50","url":null,"abstract":"Given a random object on a stratified space, one defines the Fréchet mean, the Fréchet antimean and additional population parameters associated withits Fréchet function, in case this function is a Morse function as well. In this paper we give large sample and nonparametric bootstrap estimation methods for these parameters, followed by the consistency of Fréchet sample antimean and the Central Limit Theorem of Fréchet sample antimean.","PeriodicalId":254910,"journal":{"name":"2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO)","volume":"162 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120885111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Network reliability is an important problem from both theoretical and practical points of view. One of the most powerful approaches for handling this problem is by using a so-called D-spectra method. We describe the D-spectra for two-state networks with binary and ternary components and give an overview of its principal combinatorial properties. In particular, we establish an important connection between the D-spectra and the number of network's failure sets of a given size.
{"title":"D-Spectra for Networks with Binary and Ternary Components","authors":"I. Gertsbakh, Y. Shpungin, Radislav Vaisman","doi":"10.1109/SMRLO.2016.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMRLO.2016.44","url":null,"abstract":"Network reliability is an important problem from both theoretical and practical points of view. One of the most powerful approaches for handling this problem is by using a so-called D-spectra method. We describe the D-spectra for two-state networks with binary and ternary components and give an overview of its principal combinatorial properties. In particular, we establish an important connection between the D-spectra and the number of network's failure sets of a given size.","PeriodicalId":254910,"journal":{"name":"2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126681998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we study the accuracy of different estimators of the effective bandwidth (EB), i.e. a required server capacity C to guarantee a given QoS requirement. We assume that the input sequence is regenerative and study the accuracy of the estimator which is based on the actual regeneration cycles of the basic process describing dynamics of the server. Then, by simulation, we compare this estimator with alternative estimators. In particular, we compare the property of the regeneration-based estimation and the estimation obtained by the so-called Batch Means method. It is shown that the regeneration-based estimator of C in all cases overestimates predefined QoS requirement. Then we discuss how this property can be applied to calculate the required EB for the components of highly reliable telecommunication systems.
{"title":"Effective Bandwidth Estimation in Highly Reliable Regenerative Networks","authors":"Ksenia A. Kalinina, E. Morozov, V. Rykov","doi":"10.1109/SMRLO.2016.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMRLO.2016.60","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the accuracy of different estimators of the effective bandwidth (EB), i.e. a required server capacity C to guarantee a given QoS requirement. We assume that the input sequence is regenerative and study the accuracy of the estimator which is based on the actual regeneration cycles of the basic process describing dynamics of the server. Then, by simulation, we compare this estimator with alternative estimators. In particular, we compare the property of the regeneration-based estimation and the estimation obtained by the so-called Batch Means method. It is shown that the regeneration-based estimator of C in all cases overestimates predefined QoS requirement. Then we discuss how this property can be applied to calculate the required EB for the components of highly reliable telecommunication systems.","PeriodicalId":254910,"journal":{"name":"2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO)","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114315537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution-free stochastic comparisons of coherent systems is a relevant topic in the reliability Theory. Several techniques have been used to obtain such comparisons. In this paper, we review of the comparison results obtained by using signatures and distorted distributions under different assumptions for the components. These assumptions include the cases of independent and identically distributed (IID) components, exchangeable (EXC) components, independent non-identically distributed (INID) components, possibly dependent identically distributed (DID) components and arbitrary possibly dependent components (DNID).
{"title":"Distribution-Free Comparisons of Coherent Systems","authors":"J. Navarro","doi":"10.1109/SMRLO.2016.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMRLO.2016.45","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution-free stochastic comparisons of coherent systems is a relevant topic in the reliability Theory. Several techniques have been used to obtain such comparisons. In this paper, we review of the comparison results obtained by using signatures and distorted distributions under different assumptions for the components. These assumptions include the cases of independent and identically distributed (IID) components, exchangeable (EXC) components, independent non-identically distributed (INID) components, possibly dependent identically distributed (DID) components and arbitrary possibly dependent components (DNID).","PeriodicalId":254910,"journal":{"name":"2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131023136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Perkin, Gudjon Bjornsson, Iris Baldursdottir, M. Pálsson, Ragnar P. Kristjansson, H. Stefánsson, Pall Jensson, E. Karangelos, L. Wehenkel
Reliability of electrical transmission systems is presently managed by applying the deterministic N-1 criterion, or some variant thereof. This means that transmission systems are designed with at least one level of redundancy, regardless of the cost of doing so, or the severity of the risks they mitigate. In an operational context, the N-1 criterion provides a reliability target but it fails to accurately capture the dynamic nature of shortterm threats to transmission systems. Ongoing research aims to overcome this shortcoming by proposing new probabilistic reliability criteria. Such new criteria are anticipated to rely heavily on component failure rate calculations. This paper provides a threat modelling framework, using the Icelandic transmission system as an example, highlighting the need for improved data collection and failure rate modelling. The feasibility of using threat credibility indicators to achieve spatio-temporal failure rates, given minimal data, is explored in a case study of the Icelandic transmission system. The paper closes with a discussion on the assumptions and simplifications that are implicitly made in the formulation, and the additional work required for such an approach to be included in existing practices. Specifically, this paper is concerned only with short term and real-time management of electrical transmission systems.
{"title":"Framework for Threat Based Failure Rates in Transmission System Operation","authors":"S. Perkin, Gudjon Bjornsson, Iris Baldursdottir, M. Pálsson, Ragnar P. Kristjansson, H. Stefánsson, Pall Jensson, E. Karangelos, L. Wehenkel","doi":"10.1109/SMRLO.2016.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMRLO.2016.34","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability of electrical transmission systems is presently managed by applying the deterministic N-1 criterion, or some variant thereof. This means that transmission systems are designed with at least one level of redundancy, regardless of the cost of doing so, or the severity of the risks they mitigate. In an operational context, the N-1 criterion provides a reliability target but it fails to accurately capture the dynamic nature of shortterm threats to transmission systems. Ongoing research aims to overcome this shortcoming by proposing new probabilistic reliability criteria. Such new criteria are anticipated to rely heavily on component failure rate calculations. This paper provides a threat modelling framework, using the Icelandic transmission system as an example, highlighting the need for improved data collection and failure rate modelling. The feasibility of using threat credibility indicators to achieve spatio-temporal failure rates, given minimal data, is explored in a case study of the Icelandic transmission system. The paper closes with a discussion on the assumptions and simplifications that are implicitly made in the formulation, and the additional work required for such an approach to be included in existing practices. Specifically, this paper is concerned only with short term and real-time management of electrical transmission systems.","PeriodicalId":254910,"journal":{"name":"2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130800866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markov models are commonly used to simulate diseases and allow modeling of multiple health states and outcomes. Starting with the well known Le Bras multistate model (cascading failure model) with time-independent transitions we will see how simple Markov mortality models may be pressed into the service of survival and event history analysis. We will focus on more complex models which will be able to take into account remission, recovery or other outcomes of therapy. We will discuss explicit, analytical solutions for survival functions and mortality rates of a model that can be described as a birth-and-death process with killing with linear rates as well as parametric estimation from panel data. We illustrate our theoretical findings with analysis of real and simulated data.
{"title":"Markov Model of Disease Development and Recovery","authors":"M. Krzemiński","doi":"10.1109/SMRLO.2016.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMRLO.2016.76","url":null,"abstract":"Markov models are commonly used to simulate diseases and allow modeling of multiple health states and outcomes. Starting with the well known Le Bras multistate model (cascading failure model) with time-independent transitions we will see how simple Markov mortality models may be pressed into the service of survival and event history analysis. We will focus on more complex models which will be able to take into account remission, recovery or other outcomes of therapy. We will discuss explicit, analytical solutions for survival functions and mortality rates of a model that can be described as a birth-and-death process with killing with linear rates as well as parametric estimation from panel data. We illustrate our theoretical findings with analysis of real and simulated data.","PeriodicalId":254910,"journal":{"name":"2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127114162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yashin, K. Arbeev, L. Arbeeva, Deqing Wu, I. Akushevich, A. Kulminski, M. Kovtun, I. Zhbannikov, S. Ukraintseva
Connection between stress resistance and longevity in biological organisms is widely discussed and confirmed experimentally. Much less is known about the roles of genetic and non-genetic factors in regulation of such connection. Earlier studies emphasized that mechanism that realizes such connection involves interplay between processes of individual aging and external challenges. As a result of such interplay the parameters of the Gompertz mortality curve are negatively correlated. Such correlation has been also observed in the process of survival improvement in developed part of the world during the first part of the last century. The mortality decline was mainly due to favorable changes in external and living conditions as well as progress in health care. Surprisingly, similar pattern of survival changes is observed in the groups of individuals ranked with respect to the number of "longevity" alleles carried by individuals. We showed that this phenomenon can be interpreted as an increase in resistance to stresses and showed that similar effect is observed in reliability of technical systems when redundancy of their components increases. The availability of longitudinal data for genotyped individuals opens unique opportunity to address more sophisticated questions about roles of genetic and non-genetic factors in connection between aging, stress resistance and longevity in humans. For this purpose the dynamic model of human mortality and aging is used. We show how such model can be used in genetic analyses of fundamental processes of interaction between genetic and non-genetic factors to influence human longevity.
{"title":"Resistance to Stresses and Reliability of Biological Systems: Insights for Genetic Studies of Human Aging, Health, and Longevity","authors":"A. Yashin, K. Arbeev, L. Arbeeva, Deqing Wu, I. Akushevich, A. Kulminski, M. Kovtun, I. Zhbannikov, S. Ukraintseva","doi":"10.1109/SMRLO.2016.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMRLO.2016.70","url":null,"abstract":"Connection between stress resistance and longevity in biological organisms is widely discussed and confirmed experimentally. Much less is known about the roles of genetic and non-genetic factors in regulation of such connection. Earlier studies emphasized that mechanism that realizes such connection involves interplay between processes of individual aging and external challenges. As a result of such interplay the parameters of the Gompertz mortality curve are negatively correlated. Such correlation has been also observed in the process of survival improvement in developed part of the world during the first part of the last century. The mortality decline was mainly due to favorable changes in external and living conditions as well as progress in health care. Surprisingly, similar pattern of survival changes is observed in the groups of individuals ranked with respect to the number of \"longevity\" alleles carried by individuals. We showed that this phenomenon can be interpreted as an increase in resistance to stresses and showed that similar effect is observed in reliability of technical systems when redundancy of their components increases. The availability of longitudinal data for genotyped individuals opens unique opportunity to address more sophisticated questions about roles of genetic and non-genetic factors in connection between aging, stress resistance and longevity in humans. For this purpose the dynamic model of human mortality and aging is used. We show how such model can be used in genetic analyses of fundamental processes of interaction between genetic and non-genetic factors to influence human longevity.","PeriodicalId":254910,"journal":{"name":"2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131925588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The First Passage Time (FPT) is a very important index in the real world, which is ubiquitous in physics, chemistry, and biology, with numerous examples of applications, especially in reliability field, the lifetime is a kind of FPTs. A huge literature has been given on the FPTs, some of them have been appeared in Nature, Science and other famous journals. However, the current FPT cannot cover the increasing needs in scientific research and engineering. Therefore, some new FPTs are needed from a point-view of theory and applications. In this note, two new FPT are introduced for a given finite state and continuous time Markov process. After giving the definitions of FPTs, the detailed contents such as distributions of FPTs and the distributions of the number of sojourn times until the realizations of the FPTs are presented. The Laplace transform technique is used in the derivation of formulae. Finally, the future researches on FPTs shall be discussed.
首次通过时间(First Passage Time, FPT)是现实世界中一个非常重要的指标，在物理、化学、生物等领域都有广泛的应用，特别是在可靠性领域，寿命是FPT的一种。关于fpt的文献很多，其中一些已经出现在《自然》、《科学》和其他著名期刊上。然而，目前的FPT已不能满足日益增长的科学研究和工程需求。因此，从理论和应用的角度来看，需要一些新的fpt。本文针对给定的有限状态和连续时间马尔可夫过程，引入了两个新的FPT。在给出了FPTs的定义后，给出了FPTs的分布和实现FPTs前停留次数的分布等详细内容。在公式的推导中使用了拉普拉斯变换技术。最后，对FPTs的未来研究进行了展望。
{"title":"New First Passage Times and Their Distributions","authors":"L. Cui, Jianhui Chen, Hongda Gao, Jingyuan Shen","doi":"10.1109/SMRLO.2016.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMRLO.2016.14","url":null,"abstract":"The First Passage Time (FPT) is a very important index in the real world, which is ubiquitous in physics, chemistry, and biology, with numerous examples of applications, especially in reliability field, the lifetime is a kind of FPTs. A huge literature has been given on the FPTs, some of them have been appeared in Nature, Science and other famous journals. However, the current FPT cannot cover the increasing needs in scientific research and engineering. Therefore, some new FPTs are needed from a point-view of theory and applications. In this note, two new FPT are introduced for a given finite state and continuous time Markov process. After giving the definitions of FPTs, the detailed contents such as distributions of FPTs and the distributions of the number of sojourn times until the realizations of the FPTs are presented. The Laplace transform technique is used in the derivation of formulae. Finally, the future researches on FPTs shall be discussed.","PeriodicalId":254910,"journal":{"name":"2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131644581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper considers issues related to well-balanced management of resources for JSC RZD infrastructure maintenance under the conditions of scarce finances. The authors have made an analysis of the RAMS methodology and its further transformation into a complex of Russian standards and normative and methodology documentation base applied for management of life cycle processes of railway transport systems (URRAN) in JSC RZD. The paper studies the prerequisites and key aspects for development of the innovative technology of management decision making support for increase of dependability and functional safety of transport in Russia at all life-cycle stages.
{"title":"Adaptive Management System of Dependability and Safety of Railway Infrastructure","authors":"Aleksey Zamyshlyaev, I. Shubinsky","doi":"10.1109/SMRLO.2016.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMRLO.2016.48","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers issues related to well-balanced management of resources for JSC RZD infrastructure maintenance under the conditions of scarce finances. The authors have made an analysis of the RAMS methodology and its further transformation into a complex of Russian standards and normative and methodology documentation base applied for management of life cycle processes of railway transport systems (URRAN) in JSC RZD. The paper studies the prerequisites and key aspects for development of the innovative technology of management decision making support for increase of dependability and functional safety of transport in Russia at all life-cycle stages.","PeriodicalId":254910,"journal":{"name":"2016 Second International Symposium on Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering, Life Science and Operations Management (SMRLO)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134368093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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