This study examined the utilization of paper-cone water cups as an alternative substrate for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) production. The research was conducted by using bioconversion technology and a profitable method for converting lignocellulosic residue from municipal solid waste into protein-rich biomass, thereby reducing waste paper and enhancing environmental quality. The most suitable substrate for mycelial growth was waste paper from paper-cone water cups (WPC) combined with rubber wood sawdust (RWS) at a 75%:25% dry basis ratio. The substrate mixture was adjusted to a moisture content of 70 %, and the C/N ratio was fixed at 20:1 by the addition of urea and supplementation with 8 % rice bran. Spawn running used 10 % seed inoculum. The mushrooms were cultivated on 500 g of substrate in polyvinyl chloride boxes (405 cm3) and incubated at 25 °C in the dark with the relative humidity maintained at 70 - 80 %. The fastest spawn running (mycelia development) occurred at 5th days, with pin head formation at 9th days and fruiting body formation at 12th days.The highest yield recorded was 26.59g/100g.Under these conditions, the potential lignocellulosic waste conversion (biological efficiency) was recorded as 88.64 %, and the protein content of P. ostreatus was 35.75 % after 12 days of cultivation.
{"title":"Utilization of Paper-Cone Water Cups as an Alternative Lignocellulose Waste Substrate in Pleurotus ostreatus Production","authors":"S. Suwanno, Aminoh Ayae, Nuttida Suwanno","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2019.3488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2019.3488","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the utilization of paper-cone water cups as an alternative substrate for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) production. The research was conducted by using bioconversion technology and a profitable method for converting lignocellulosic residue from municipal solid waste into protein-rich biomass, thereby reducing waste paper and enhancing environmental quality. The most suitable substrate for mycelial growth was waste paper from paper-cone water cups (WPC) combined with rubber wood sawdust (RWS) at a 75%:25% dry basis ratio. The substrate mixture was adjusted to a moisture content of 70 %, and the C/N ratio was fixed at 20:1 by the addition of urea and supplementation with 8 % rice bran. Spawn running used 10 % seed inoculum. The mushrooms were cultivated on 500 g of substrate in polyvinyl chloride boxes (405 cm3) and incubated at 25 °C in the dark with the relative humidity maintained at 70 - 80 %. The fastest spawn running (mycelia development) occurred at 5th days, with pin head formation at 9th days and fruiting body formation at 12th days.The highest yield recorded was 26.59g/100g.Under these conditions, the potential lignocellulosic waste conversion (biological efficiency) was recorded as 88.64 %, and the protein content of P. ostreatus was 35.75 % after 12 days of cultivation.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134162442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) application of dental treatment technologies has recently gained much interest. However, information regarding safety, applications, and how they work is limited. In this study, we examined the inhibitory activity of CAP against Candida albican. The Ar gas has been discharged by CAP of 100 KHz and has been produced inside 4 L/min. The system was operated with the HVRF power input 20 W and treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15 min for samples. The Candida albican standard strain used in this experiment was ATCC 10231. In order to assess the inhibitory activity of CAP against Candida albican, we employed 2 methods; the colony number count and MTT colorimetric assay. The colonies of Candida albican standard strain ATCC 10231 were significantly at 5, 10 and 15 min exposure of CAP (p < 0.05) as compared to un-treatment. According to the result of MTT colorimetric assay, we found that cell viability was significant after 10 min exposure as compared to un-treatment (p < 0.05). In summary, the overall results stated that CAP possesses the inhibitory activity against Candida albican standard strain ATCC 10231 at 100 KHz, 20 W after 5 min.
{"title":"Inhibitory Activity of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Candida albicans","authors":"P. Wanachantararak, P. Suanpoot, M. Nisoa","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2019.4811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2019.4811","url":null,"abstract":"Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) application of dental treatment technologies has recently gained much interest. However, information regarding safety, applications, and how they work is limited. In this study, we examined the inhibitory activity of CAP against Candida albican. The Ar gas has been discharged by CAP of 100 KHz and has been produced inside 4 L/min. The system was operated with the HVRF power input 20 W and treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15 min for samples. The Candida albican standard strain used in this experiment was ATCC 10231. In order to assess the inhibitory activity of CAP against Candida albican, we employed 2 methods; the colony number count and MTT colorimetric assay. The colonies of Candida albican standard strain ATCC 10231 were significantly at 5, 10 and 15 min exposure of CAP (p < 0.05) as compared to un-treatment. According to the result of MTT colorimetric assay, we found that cell viability was significant after 10 min exposure as compared to un-treatment (p < 0.05). In summary, the overall results stated that CAP possesses the inhibitory activity against Candida albican standard strain ATCC 10231 at 100 KHz, 20 W after 5 min.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132064993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.14456/VOL16ISS5PPACCEPTED
S. Barusrux, N. Weerapreeyakul, Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan, Munthipha Khamphio, W. Tanthanuch, Kanjana Thummanu
Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. var. crustacean or “Ya Kap Hoi: YKH” was misunderstood as “Ya Yad Nam Kang” and cancer curative. This study aimed to investigate anticancer activity by the analysis of chemical constituent in extracts and in vitro screening of biological activities of the extract in several aspects such as cancer cell lines cytotoxic activity, immune cell proliferating activity, reducing power activity, alkylation activity. The HPLC analysis showed the absence of plumbagin peak observed in the HPLC chromatograms of both YKH aqueous and YKH ethanolic extracts. The YKH ethanolic extract yielded more chemical constituents than that of the YKH aqueous extract. The YKH aqueous extract was inactive against all cancer cells tested. Interestingly, YKH ethanolic extract caused cancer cell death in HCT116 colon cancer, HepG2 liver cancer, and Jurkat leukemic cancer cell lines in the concentration dependent manner. The following IC50 concentrations of the YKH ethanolic extract that possessed 50 % cell death after 24 h exposure in HCT116, HepG2, and Jurkat cell line were 195.4 ± 12, 171.7 ± 8.7, and 48.8 ± 5.7 µg/mL, respectively. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of YKH showed high antioxidant activity based on reducing power activity but did not have alkylation activity. At high concentration (250 µg/mL), YKH ethanolic extract can inhibit immune cells proliferation activity more than the YKH aqueous extract. An unexpected but critical outcome of our studies was the finding that anticancer activity is promised by selecting the plant extraction solvent with less polarity. Potential anticancer constituents were extracted from YKH using ethanol and these constituents cannot be found in aqueous solution of YKH.
甲壳linderia (L.)f . Muell。变种甲壳类动物或“Ya Kap Hoi: YKH”被误解为“Ya Yad Nam Kang”和癌症治疗。本研究旨在通过对提取物化学成分的分析，探讨其抗癌活性，并在体外筛选提取物的生物活性，如癌细胞毒性活性、免疫细胞增殖活性、还原力活性、烷基化活性等。高效液相色谱分析表明，水提液和醇提液均未见白丹苷峰。YKH乙醇提取物比YKH水提取物产生更多的化学成分。YKH水提物对所有癌细胞均无活性。有趣的是，YKH乙醇提取物对HCT116结肠癌、HepG2肝癌和Jurkat白血病细胞系的癌细胞死亡呈浓度依赖关系。在HCT116、HepG2和Jurkat细胞系中，暴露24 h后细胞死亡率达到50%的YKH乙醇提取物的IC50浓度分别为195.4±12、171.7±8.7和48.8±5.7µg/mL。YKH的水提液和醇提液均表现出较高的抗氧化活性，但不具有烷基化活性。在高浓度(250µg/mL)时，YKH乙醇提取物比YKH水提物更能抑制免疫细胞的增殖活性。我们研究的一个意想不到但关键的结果是发现选择极性较小的植物提取溶剂具有抗癌活性。用乙醇提取了黄芪的潜在抗癌成分，这些成分在黄芪的水溶液中找不到。
{"title":"Investigation of Anticancer Activity of Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. var. Crustacean","authors":"S. Barusrux, N. Weerapreeyakul, Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan, Munthipha Khamphio, W. Tanthanuch, Kanjana Thummanu","doi":"10.14456/VOL16ISS5PPACCEPTED","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/VOL16ISS5PPACCEPTED","url":null,"abstract":"Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. var. crustacean or “Ya Kap Hoi: YKH” was misunderstood as “Ya Yad Nam Kang” and cancer curative. This study aimed to investigate anticancer activity by the analysis of chemical constituent in extracts and in vitro screening of biological activities of the extract in several aspects such as cancer cell lines cytotoxic activity, immune cell proliferating activity, reducing power activity, alkylation activity. The HPLC analysis showed the absence of plumbagin peak observed in the HPLC chromatograms of both YKH aqueous and YKH ethanolic extracts. The YKH ethanolic extract yielded more chemical constituents than that of the YKH aqueous extract. The YKH aqueous extract was inactive against all cancer cells tested. Interestingly, YKH ethanolic extract caused cancer cell death in HCT116 colon cancer, HepG2 liver cancer, and Jurkat leukemic cancer cell lines in the concentration dependent manner. The following IC50 concentrations of the YKH ethanolic extract that possessed 50 % cell death after 24 h exposure in HCT116, HepG2, and Jurkat cell line were 195.4 ± 12, 171.7 ± 8.7, and 48.8 ± 5.7 µg/mL, respectively. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of YKH showed high antioxidant activity based on reducing power activity but did not have alkylation activity. At high concentration (250 µg/mL), YKH ethanolic extract can inhibit immune cells proliferation activity more than the YKH aqueous extract. An unexpected but critical outcome of our studies was the finding that anticancer activity is promised by selecting the plant extraction solvent with less polarity. Potential anticancer constituents were extracted from YKH using ethanol and these constituents cannot be found in aqueous solution of YKH.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125959429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Poramapijitwat, P. Thana, D. Boonyawan, K. Janpong, S. Sarapirom
The atmospheric pressure plasma technique has been recognized in health care for disinfection in wounds as well as that it can enhance wound healing and reduce pain in patient without side effects. In this study, Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Jets (DBDJs) were used for bactericidal in vitro as well as the efficiency of bacteria killing were investigated using gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus Aureus (S. Aureus). The DBDJs plasma used He gas at flow rate at 1 L/min, pulse repetition rate between 50 to 110 Hz and exposure time 15 to 60 s for bactericidal. The studies of DBDJs utilized an Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) to identify radical species in the plasma. The results of the OES studies showed in DBDJs plasma N2, NO, He and OH radical groups were found. These radicals in plasma played an important role in bactericidal, including wound healing. The intensity of radical in plasma depends on the repetition rate applied by the plasma system. After DBDJs plasma exposure, plates were incubated at 37 °C. Repetition rate and time of plasma exposure were drastically reduced. With the increase in the repetition rate over 100 Hz or exposure time up to 60 s for bactericidal, the reduction of bacteria was increased up to 100 %. The large clear zone showed the efficiency of bacteria killed ability of the plasma.
{"title":"Investigation of Dielectric Barriers Discharge Plasma Jets for Bactericidal in Chronic Wounds","authors":"P. Poramapijitwat, P. Thana, D. Boonyawan, K. Janpong, S. Sarapirom","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2019.4785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2019.4785","url":null,"abstract":"The atmospheric pressure plasma technique has been recognized in health care for disinfection in wounds as well as that it can enhance wound healing and reduce pain in patient without side effects. In this study, Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Jets (DBDJs) were used for bactericidal in vitro as well as the efficiency of bacteria killing were investigated using gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus Aureus (S. Aureus). The DBDJs plasma used He gas at flow rate at 1 L/min, pulse repetition rate between 50 to 110 Hz and exposure time 15 to 60 s for bactericidal. The studies of DBDJs utilized an Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) to identify radical species in the plasma. The results of the OES studies showed in DBDJs plasma N2, NO, He and OH radical groups were found. These radicals in plasma played an important role in bactericidal, including wound healing. The intensity of radical in plasma depends on the repetition rate applied by the plasma system. After DBDJs plasma exposure, plates were incubated at 37 °C. Repetition rate and time of plasma exposure were drastically reduced. With the increase in the repetition rate over 100 Hz or exposure time up to 60 s for bactericidal, the reduction of bacteria was increased up to 100 %. The large clear zone showed the efficiency of bacteria killed ability of the plasma.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115711202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diseases caused by phytoplasmas have been reported in field crops, ornamentals, and weeds in Indonesia. However, most of phytoplasmas have not been subjected to further identification and thus, they remain unaffiliated with proper classification scheme. More reliable identification of phytoplasmas mostly rely on molecular methods. The aim of this study was to characterize the phytoplasma as the causal agent of naturally infected plants in western Java-Indonesia based on their 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences. Plant exhibiting phytoplasmal symptoms were observed and taken for further molecular examination. Eight plant species from three families in Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi, i.e. peanut, soybean, snakebean, Opuntia sp., betung bamboo, apus bamboo, Bermuda grass, and digitaria grass (Digitaria fuscescens) have been observed and taken as samples for further molecular examination. Nested-PCR with primer pairs P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 resulted in amplification of products of approximately 1.2 kb from all symptomatic plant samples tested. BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequences, phylogenetic analyses, and similarity coefficients derived from RFLP in silico revealed that there were association of a phytoplasma of 16SrII-A subgroup with phytoplasmas identified in peanut, soybean, and snakebean. Such an association showed witches’ broom symptoms; 16SrII-C with Opuntia sp. causing proliferation and mosaics; and phytoplasmas displaying yellowing and little leaf of two kinds of bamboos and white leaf of Bermuda grass and digitaria grass that were closely related to 16SrXIV-A subgroup. To our knowledge, this is the first report molecular identification of 16SrXIV-A associated with apus bamboo and digitaria grass in Indonesia.
{"title":"Diversity of Phytoplasmas Associated with Several Plants in Western Java-Indonesia","authors":"A. Prasetya, K. Mutaqin, M. S. Sinaga, G. Giyanto","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2020.3939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.3939","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases caused by phytoplasmas have been reported in field crops, ornamentals, and weeds in Indonesia. However, most of phytoplasmas have not been subjected to further identification and thus, they remain unaffiliated with proper classification scheme. More reliable identification of phytoplasmas mostly rely on molecular methods. The aim of this study was to characterize the phytoplasma as the causal agent of naturally infected plants in western Java-Indonesia based on their 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences. Plant exhibiting phytoplasmal symptoms were observed and taken for further molecular examination. Eight plant species from three families in Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi, i.e. peanut, soybean, snakebean, Opuntia sp., betung bamboo, apus bamboo, Bermuda grass, and digitaria grass (Digitaria fuscescens) have been observed and taken as samples for further molecular examination. Nested-PCR with primer pairs P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 resulted in amplification of products of approximately 1.2 kb from all symptomatic plant samples tested. BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequences, phylogenetic analyses, and similarity coefficients derived from RFLP in silico revealed that there were association of a phytoplasma of 16SrII-A subgroup with phytoplasmas identified in peanut, soybean, and snakebean. Such an association showed witches’ broom symptoms; 16SrII-C with Opuntia sp. causing proliferation and mosaics; and phytoplasmas displaying yellowing and little leaf of two kinds of bamboos and white leaf of Bermuda grass and digitaria grass that were closely related to 16SrXIV-A subgroup. To our knowledge, this is the first report molecular identification of 16SrXIV-A associated with apus bamboo and digitaria grass in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115901434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. O. Teh, Arwinder Singh, J. Ali, Chee An Ng, X. Y. Ng, Jun Wen Wong, S. Saw, Sing Lee
A dense plasma focus (DPF) machine, being a source of a powerful ion beam, can be useful in the modification of the surface properties of materials. Experimental investigations were carried out with a 3.3 kJ Mather-type DPF operating in nitrogen at a low chamber pressure with low carbon steel as the target material. It was found that the DPF ion beam implanted nitrogen onto the steel surface thereby causing a marked increase in surface hardness. The variation of pressure and target distances appear to affect the outcome of this nitriding technique with optimum hardness reached at the pressure setting of 1 Torr and at a target distance of 40 mm from the anode.
{"title":"A Study on the Surface Hardness Obtained by Nitriding with a Plasma Focus Machine","authors":"T. O. Teh, Arwinder Singh, J. Ali, Chee An Ng, X. Y. Ng, Jun Wen Wong, S. Saw, Sing Lee","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2019.6268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2019.6268","url":null,"abstract":"A dense plasma focus (DPF) machine, being a source of a powerful ion beam, can be useful in the modification of the surface properties of materials. Experimental investigations were carried out with a 3.3 kJ Mather-type DPF operating in nitrogen at a low chamber pressure with low carbon steel as the target material. It was found that the DPF ion beam implanted nitrogen onto the steel surface thereby causing a marked increase in surface hardness. The variation of pressure and target distances appear to affect the outcome of this nitriding technique with optimum hardness reached at the pressure setting of 1 Torr and at a target distance of 40 mm from the anode.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133154434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teeratas Kansom, R. Saeeng, T. Ngawhirunpat, T. Rojanarata, Prasopchai Tonglairoum, P. Opanasopit, Purin Charoensuksai
Semi-synthetic andrographolide (AG) analogue, namely 19-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-8,17-epoxy andrographolide, or 3A.1, is an anticancer drug. However, the major problem of 3A.1 is poor water solubility hindering its clinical applications. To improve the water solubility and anticancer potency of this analogue, 3A.1-loaded polymeric micelles employing N-naphthyl-N-O-succinyl chitosan (NSCS) as amphiphilic copolymer were prepared by the dropping method. The morphology, particle size, entrapment efficiency (%EE), and loading capacity (%LC) were evaluated. The 3A.1-loaded NSCS micelles were successfully prepared. These micelles were nano-size (66.26 to 102.53 nm) and with a spherical shape, with negative surface charge (-30.50 to -22.23 mV). The 3A.1-loaded NSCS micelles with 40 % drug loading exhibited the maximum values of both %EE (90.84 %) and %LC (25.95 %), indicating that a high amount of 3A.1 could be entrapped into the NSCS micelles. In addition, in vitro anticancer activity and cell migration assay on HN22 cells were evaluated. The 3A.1-loaded NSCS micelles exhibited stronger anticancer effect and cell migration suppression than the free drug. Therefore, these NSCS micelles containing 3A.1 may be potential nanocarriers for the treatment of oral cancer.
{"title":"Effect of Semi-synthetic Andrographolide Analogue-loaded Polymeric Micelles on HN22 Cell Migration","authors":"Teeratas Kansom, R. Saeeng, T. Ngawhirunpat, T. Rojanarata, Prasopchai Tonglairoum, P. Opanasopit, Purin Charoensuksai","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2020.5515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.5515","url":null,"abstract":"Semi-synthetic andrographolide (AG) analogue, namely 19-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-8,17-epoxy andrographolide, or 3A.1, is an anticancer drug. However, the major problem of 3A.1 is poor water solubility hindering its clinical applications. To improve the water solubility and anticancer potency of this analogue, 3A.1-loaded polymeric micelles employing N-naphthyl-N-O-succinyl chitosan (NSCS) as amphiphilic copolymer were prepared by the dropping method. The morphology, particle size, entrapment efficiency (%EE), and loading capacity (%LC) were evaluated. The 3A.1-loaded NSCS micelles were successfully prepared. These micelles were nano-size (66.26 to 102.53 nm) and with a spherical shape, with negative surface charge (-30.50 to -22.23 mV). The 3A.1-loaded NSCS micelles with 40 % drug loading exhibited the maximum values of both %EE (90.84 %) and %LC (25.95 %), indicating that a high amount of 3A.1 could be entrapped into the NSCS micelles. In addition, in vitro anticancer activity and cell migration assay on HN22 cells were evaluated. The 3A.1-loaded NSCS micelles exhibited stronger anticancer effect and cell migration suppression than the free drug. Therefore, these NSCS micelles containing 3A.1 may be potential nanocarriers for the treatment of oral cancer.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117115570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. S. Ali, Tanzeel Altaib Ali Salih, H. M. Daffalla
The Gum Arabic of Acacia senegal (GA) has been reported to treat several diseases, such as kidney failure and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disease. However, scarce investigation has been made into the phytoconstituents of GA. Obtained GA was macerated in water, then GA aqueous extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis using standard protocols and bioactivity screening by different procedures. Antimicrobial screening was performed using the cup-plate diffusion method against four bacterial strains and one fungi strain. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against the third instar of Culex quinquefasciatus. The phytochemical analysis showed that GA extract contains high amounts of saponins and alkaloids, moderate amounts of cardiac glycosides, and trace amounts of tannins. GA extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against the test organisms, with different zones of inhibition ranging 0 - 18 mm. The larvicidal activity showed significant perfection with increasing extract dose and exposure period with mortality up to 86.7 %. Results reveal that the crude extract of GA contains important biomolecules which has been proved to have substantial larvicidal and antimicrobial activities.
{"title":"In vitro Phytochemical, Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Gum Arabic Extract","authors":"K. S. Ali, Tanzeel Altaib Ali Salih, H. M. Daffalla","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2020.5540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.5540","url":null,"abstract":"The Gum Arabic of Acacia senegal (GA) has been reported to treat several diseases, such as kidney failure and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disease. However, scarce investigation has been made into the phytoconstituents of GA. Obtained GA was macerated in water, then GA aqueous extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis using standard protocols and bioactivity screening by different procedures. Antimicrobial screening was performed using the cup-plate diffusion method against four bacterial strains and one fungi strain. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against the third instar of Culex quinquefasciatus. The phytochemical analysis showed that GA extract contains high amounts of saponins and alkaloids, moderate amounts of cardiac glycosides, and trace amounts of tannins. GA extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against the test organisms, with different zones of inhibition ranging 0 - 18 mm. The larvicidal activity showed significant perfection with increasing extract dose and exposure period with mortality up to 86.7 %. Results reveal that the crude extract of GA contains important biomolecules which has been proved to have substantial larvicidal and antimicrobial activities.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115743414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ghazali, Nurul Wahida Shokhimi, Mazatulikhma Mat Zain, K. Abdul Khalil
Attachment ability of bifidobacteria strains to the human intestinal surface is an important criterion as a probiotic candidate. However, attachment activity is influenced by external and internal conditions. This study was conducted to screen cell surface hydrophobicity and adhesion scores of bifidobacteria strains. Attachment conditions (pH and exposure time) of selected strains to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell lines were subsequently investigated. Three different solvents (n-hexadecane, Toluene, and Xylene) were used in cell surface hydrophobicity analysis. Based on the results obtained, xylene presented consistent cell hydrophobicity activity in all strains used. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum KAKii (wild type strain) gave promising cell hydrophobicity activity with no significant difference (p > 0.05) when compared to Lactobacillus plantarum NBRC 3070 with xylene as a solvent, and also presented a significantly higher attachment score (p < 0.05) compared to all strains used. The influence of pH and time exposure on adhesion of B. pseudocatenulatum KAKii to Caco-2 cells revealed that this strain was favored to attach to the intestinal cell line at pH 6 and after 120 min of exposure. Further optimization of attachment conditions will be carried out.
双歧杆菌菌株对人体肠道表面的附着能力是作为益生菌候选菌株的重要标准。然而，依恋活动受到外部和内部条件的影响。本研究旨在筛选双歧杆菌菌株的细胞表面疏水性和粘附分数。随后研究了所选菌株与人肠细胞样Caco-2细胞系的附着条件(pH值和暴露时间)。使用三种不同的溶剂(正十六烷、甲苯和二甲苯)进行细胞表面疏水性分析。根据得到的结果，二甲苯在所有菌株中表现出一致的细胞疏水性活性。与以二甲苯为溶剂的植物乳杆菌NBRC 3070相比，野生型菌株KAKii具有良好的细胞疏水活性(p < 0.05)，且附着评分显著高于所有菌株(p < 0.05)。pH和暴露时间对假atenulatum B. KAKii对Caco-2细胞粘附的影响表明，在pH为6和暴露120 min后，该菌株更倾向于附着在肠道细胞系上。将对附着条件进行进一步优化。
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Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.14456/VOL15ISS12PPCORRECTED
D. Tantraviwat, W. Yamwong, U. Techakijkajorn, K. Imai, B. Inceesungvorn
Herein, boron implantation technique was employed to engineer the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of Ti/n-type silicon junction (Ti/n-Si). The Ti/n-Si Schottky diodes with boron doses of 4, 5.4 and 6.6´1012 cm-2 at the energy of 25 keV were fabricated with improved rectification and their effective SBHs increased from 0.49 to 0.95. The tuning of the effective SBH is mainly attributed to the presence of shallow p-layer, which modifies the energy band at Ti/n-Si interface. This work clearly shows that the ability to precisely control the SBH, regardless of the metal work function, would facilitate the implementation of Schottky diode into various semiconductor structures, such as MPS (Merged PiN Schottky) diode, in order to improve performance without major modification on the existing metal line process.
{"title":"Schottky Barrier Height Engineering of Ti/n-Type Silicon Diode by Means of Ion Implantation","authors":"D. Tantraviwat, W. Yamwong, U. Techakijkajorn, K. Imai, B. Inceesungvorn","doi":"10.14456/VOL15ISS12PPCORRECTED","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/VOL15ISS12PPCORRECTED","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, boron implantation technique was employed to engineer the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of Ti/n-type silicon junction (Ti/n-Si). The Ti/n-Si Schottky diodes with boron doses of 4, 5.4 and 6.6´1012 cm-2 at the energy of 25 keV were fabricated with improved rectification and their effective SBHs increased from 0.49 to 0.95. The tuning of the effective SBH is mainly attributed to the presence of shallow p-layer, which modifies the energy band at Ti/n-Si interface. This work clearly shows that the ability to precisely control the SBH, regardless of the metal work function, would facilitate the implementation of Schottky diode into various semiconductor structures, such as MPS (Merged PiN Schottky) diode, in order to improve performance without major modification on the existing metal line process.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114434549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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