The purpose of this research is to learn more about the mental processes that drive customer involvement, with a focus on the roles that loyalty and trust play in this phenomena online. By investigating the connection between brand engagement on social media, brand affection, consumer trust, and brand loyalty, this study hopes to fill a vacuum in the existing literature. SEM smartPLS was used to analyze data from 251 replies on smartphone and clothing brands. Customers' commitment and trust are moderated not by their feelings but by demographic factors like age and gender. There is a direct and an indirect connection between consumer involvement and trust. Customer happiness, brand loyalty, and brand devotion are all factors that may be predicted and developed with active consumer engagement, as the study shows. Although not all of the predictions of the conceptual model are supported by the data presented here, the study does offer important theoretical and practical insights into how to improve customer engagement, relational marketing strategies, and the consumer acquisition process. The novelty and significance of this article come from its analysis of what motivates customers to interact with a brand online and from the creation of a conceptual model that examines the role of customer engagement as a mediator in the generation of brand loyalty, brand love, and customer satisfaction
{"title":"An Empirical Study of Smartphone Companies in An Emerging Economy: The Role of Trust and Commitment in Fostering Consumer Engagement and Loyalty Via Social Media","authors":"Afnan Khan, Sahar Qabool, Nawal Abdul Rasheed","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v24i4.873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v24i4.873","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to learn more about the mental processes that drive customer involvement, with a focus on the roles that loyalty and trust play in this phenomena online. By investigating the connection between brand engagement on social media, brand affection, consumer trust, and brand loyalty, this study hopes to fill a vacuum in the existing literature. SEM smartPLS was used to analyze data from 251 replies on smartphone and clothing brands. Customers' commitment and trust are moderated not by their feelings but by demographic factors like age and gender. There is a direct and an indirect connection between consumer involvement and trust. Customer happiness, brand loyalty, and brand devotion are all factors that may be predicted and developed with active consumer engagement, as the study shows. Although not all of the predictions of the conceptual model are supported by the data presented here, the study does offer important theoretical and practical insights into how to improve customer engagement, relational marketing strategies, and the consumer acquisition process. The novelty and significance of this article come from its analysis of what motivates customers to interact with a brand online and from the creation of a conceptual model that examines the role of customer engagement as a mediator in the generation of brand loyalty, brand love, and customer satisfaction","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114321309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innovation is the mainstay of the business landscape of business. It not only improves the firms’ position in the market but also provides a sustainable competitive advantage. Such a competitive advantage is inimitable for rivals, as it resides in the human capital and structures of firms. With the help of human capital, firms can realize innovation in products as well as processes. Firms with developed human capital can encourage their employees to undertake entrepreneurial ventures that are more often called intrapreneurship. Intrapreneurship is the way of carrying out innovative and creative activities by the employees of firms that are fully supported by them. Therefore, this research investigates the influence of human capital on the intrapreneurial activities of firms as they are closely associated with each other. In doing so, the mediating role of digitalization and supply-chain competitiveness is also studied. After collecting data from 195 Malaysian manufacturing sector firms, PLS-SEM was applied to test the modeled relationships. The findings reveal that human capital positively improves the intrapreneurial activities of firms. In addition, this relationship is fully mediated by digitalization as well as supply-chain competitiveness. This study provides a novel contribution by exploring the association of human capital and intrapreneurship with digitalization and value chain competitiveness. Therefore, firms should develop their human capital in order to remain innovative and competitive. Furthermore, developed human capital will complement the digitalization and competitive value chain in this association. Future researchers are suggested to study this relationship sector-wise, such as investigation of service sector and textile sector firms.
{"title":"Role of Human Capital and Digitalization to Upgrade Innovation","authors":"Mubarra Shabbir, M. Petraite","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v24i4.829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v24i4.829","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation is the mainstay of the business landscape of business. It not only improves the firms’ position in the market but also provides a sustainable competitive advantage. Such a competitive advantage is inimitable for rivals, as it resides in the human capital and structures of firms. With the help of human capital, firms can realize innovation in products as well as processes. Firms with developed human capital can encourage their employees to undertake entrepreneurial ventures that are more often called intrapreneurship. Intrapreneurship is the way of carrying out innovative and creative activities by the employees of firms that are fully supported by them. Therefore, this research investigates the influence of human capital on the intrapreneurial activities of firms as they are closely associated with each other. In doing so, the mediating role of digitalization and supply-chain competitiveness is also studied. After collecting data from 195 Malaysian manufacturing sector firms, PLS-SEM was applied to test the modeled relationships. The findings reveal that human capital positively improves the intrapreneurial activities of firms. In addition, this relationship is fully mediated by digitalization as well as supply-chain competitiveness. This study provides a novel contribution by exploring the association of human capital and intrapreneurship with digitalization and value chain competitiveness. Therefore, firms should develop their human capital in order to remain innovative and competitive. Furthermore, developed human capital will complement the digitalization and competitive value chain in this association. Future researchers are suggested to study this relationship sector-wise, such as investigation of service sector and textile sector firms.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"71 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120934242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trust is an important source to develop business understandings and relationships. It also greatly affects the social efficiency of business activities and transactions. The trust deficit is so prevalent in society; thus, it makes practical sense to explore its connotations, roots, linkages and effects. The subject of trust is very broad, however, in order to capture possible research gaps and explore the scope for future research, this study is limited to the level of examining mutual relationships among individuals at workplaces, and undertakes a critical literature review of the trust life cycle and trust repair process, examining empirical evidence with regards to trust, distrust, trust deficit and repair, seen through a cultural lens. Some limited research has identified core underlying variables (related to cognition, affect, and behavior, called “expectation assets”) which are supplemented by social and organizational factors, which also influence trust related expectations, and also influence the restoration and enhancement of trust. Research studies also highlight the relationship of trust with culture, with dominating perspective being ‘etic’, which relates to the understanding that trust is a global phenomenon affecting across various cultural domains and its effects can be observed as well as measured across cultures. Whereas, from an alternative ‘emic’ (culture-specific) perspective, though trust is a global phenomenon that cuts across all functional domains of a society, however, numerous differences exist that need to be taken into account while deciding trust levels as well as their intensity within a social setting
{"title":"Trust repair in a cultural context: undertaking a synthesis of trust life cycle through critical literature review","authors":"Muhammad Ali Jangda, Muhammad Arif","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v24i3.739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v24i3.739","url":null,"abstract":"Trust is an important source to develop business understandings and relationships. It also greatly affects the social efficiency of business activities and transactions. The trust deficit is so prevalent in society; thus, it makes practical sense to explore its connotations, roots, linkages and effects. The subject of trust is very broad, however, in order to capture possible research gaps and explore the scope for future research, this study is limited to the level of examining mutual relationships among individuals at workplaces, and undertakes a critical literature review of the trust life cycle and trust repair process, examining empirical evidence with regards to trust, distrust, trust deficit and repair, seen through a cultural lens. Some limited research has identified core underlying variables (related to cognition, affect, and behavior, called “expectation assets”) which are supplemented by social and organizational factors, which also influence trust related expectations, and also influence the restoration and enhancement of trust. Research studies also highlight the relationship of trust with culture, with dominating perspective being ‘etic’, which relates to the understanding that trust is a global phenomenon affecting across various cultural domains and its effects can be observed as well as measured across cultures. Whereas, from an alternative ‘emic’ (culture-specific) perspective, though trust is a global phenomenon that cuts across all functional domains of a society, however, numerous differences exist that need to be taken into account while deciding trust levels as well as their intensity within a social setting","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130369788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aims to extend Sivertzen et al. (2013)’s proposed model to garner insights pertaining to employer branding, social-media use, work experience and intention to apply for prospective applicants within the Pakistani context and, creating a more cohesive view of employer branding for academics and practitioners. Questionnaire data was collected from 220 MBA students of varying levels of professional experience from Pakistani universities about their perceptions of potential employers and their intention to apply. Data analysis carried through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that employer attractiveness dimensions such as “Economic Value” and “Development Value” were significantly linked to a company’s “Corporate Reputation” which in turn was linked to “Intention to Apply”; additionally, Social-Media Use was identified as a moderator for the relationship between Corporate Reputation and Intention to Apply. These results highlight the impact perceived functional social and psychological benefits have on the interaction between individuals and organizations and, the influence of social-media during the recruitment process and can. From a managerial standpoint, the results underscore the importance of understanding the needs of the workforce and, of curating an effective corporate reputation for recruitment purposes
{"title":"Employer Branding: How Perception of Social Media Use and Prior Work Experience Impacts Employer Attractiveness for Prospective Employees","authors":"Saad Shahid, I. Ayyaz","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v24i3.691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v24i3.691","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to extend Sivertzen et al. (2013)’s proposed model to garner insights pertaining to employer branding, social-media use, work experience and intention to apply for prospective applicants within the Pakistani context and, creating a more cohesive view of employer branding for academics and practitioners. Questionnaire data was collected from 220 MBA students of varying levels of professional experience from Pakistani universities about their perceptions of potential employers and their intention to apply. Data analysis carried through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that employer attractiveness dimensions such as “Economic Value” and “Development Value” were significantly linked to a company’s “Corporate Reputation” which in turn was linked to “Intention to Apply”; additionally, Social-Media Use was identified as a moderator for the relationship between Corporate Reputation and Intention to Apply. These results highlight the impact perceived functional social and psychological benefits have on the interaction between individuals and organizations and, the influence of social-media during the recruitment process and can. From a managerial standpoint, the results underscore the importance of understanding the needs of the workforce and, of curating an effective corporate reputation for recruitment purposes","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131924952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current trends in technology and globalization has encouraged Human resource management practices to adopt optimized strategies in dealing with challenges face by the educational institutions. In order to achieve the desired results and outcomes in educational institutions in a definite timeframe, valuable policies, capabilities and values need to be implemented. For creating a sustainable organizational environment, the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has been developed for supportive and cooperative interaction and relationship between the employer and employee by cooperating with each other for effective running of the schools. The current study is aimed to investigate the relationship between HRM practices and OCB in higher secondary schools in Dir Lower& Upper. This study is quantitative in nature and data was collected through closed ended questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed with person correlation techniques. It is found that HRM practices has a notable relationship with organizational citizenship behavior in higher secondary schools in Pakistan and results further speak out that performance appraisal has a high relationship with OCB while the rest of practices have low relationship with OCB. After discussion in light of available literature, recommendations has been framed for educational institutions and policy maker.
{"title":"Human Resource Management Practices and their potential relationship with Organizational Citizenship Behavior in educational institutes.","authors":"Mubarak Zaib Khan, Muhammad Niqab, J. Hanson","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v24i3.723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v24i3.723","url":null,"abstract":"The current trends in technology and globalization has encouraged Human resource management practices to adopt optimized strategies in dealing with challenges face by the educational institutions. In order to achieve the desired results and outcomes in educational institutions in a definite timeframe, valuable policies, capabilities and values need to be implemented. For creating a sustainable organizational environment, the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has been developed for supportive and cooperative interaction and relationship between the employer and employee by cooperating with each other for effective running of the schools. The current study is aimed to investigate the relationship between HRM practices and OCB in higher secondary schools in Dir Lower& Upper. This study is quantitative in nature and data was collected through closed ended questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed with person correlation techniques. It is found that HRM practices has a notable relationship with organizational citizenship behavior in higher secondary schools in Pakistan and results further speak out that performance appraisal has a high relationship with OCB while the rest of practices have low relationship with OCB. After discussion in light of available literature, recommendations has been framed for educational institutions and policy maker.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129981362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The preparedness and stability of the defense-industry supply chains have been challenged by significant disruptions and risks that can be critical to national security. Despite increasing importance, limited studies have explored the underlying factors (i.e., efficiency, flexibility, integration, and risk management) impacting the supply chain operations of national defense companies. Hence, this study aims at exploring the relational impact of supply chain risk management (SCRM) practices and organizational performance by hypothesizing a moderated-mediation model involving operational efficiency, flexibility, and supply chain integration (SCI). Using the information processing theory, the survey-based data of 2017 respondents was collected from defense-related national institutions in Pakistan. Empirical findings based on structural equation modeling validated a significant positive SCRM è Organizational Performance relationship. According to the findings, supply chain risk management is strongly connected to operational efficiency and flexibility. Additionally, the study also substantiates the mediating effects of operational performance (i.e., efficiency and flexibility), along with the significant moderation by supply chain integration in the relationship between risk management and operational efficiency. However, the results do not support the role of operational flexibility in mediating the relationship between SCRM and OP. Furthermore, the role of SCI as a moderator between SCRM è operational flexibility was not established. This research is the first to introduce an empirically validated framework of supply chain performance in the defense industry, besides conceptualizing the direct and indirect roles of SCRM, efficiency, flexibility, and integration. This study also navigates some of the critical issues and obstacles faced by the national defense industry and highlights a holistic model that facilitates a multistage supply chain decision-making.
{"title":"A moderated-mediation analysis of supply chain efficiency, flexibility, integration, and risk management","authors":"A. A. Bhatti, S. Bhatti, Salma M. Saif","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v24i3.770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v24i3.770","url":null,"abstract":"The preparedness and stability of the defense-industry supply chains have been challenged by significant disruptions and risks that can be critical to national security. Despite increasing importance, limited studies have explored the underlying factors (i.e., efficiency, flexibility, integration, and risk management) impacting the supply chain operations of national defense companies. Hence, this study aims at exploring the relational impact of supply chain risk management (SCRM) practices and organizational performance by hypothesizing a moderated-mediation model involving operational efficiency, flexibility, and supply chain integration (SCI). Using the information processing theory, the survey-based data of 2017 respondents was collected from defense-related national institutions in Pakistan. Empirical findings based on structural equation modeling validated a significant positive SCRM è Organizational Performance relationship. According to the findings, supply chain risk management is strongly connected to operational efficiency and flexibility. Additionally, the study also substantiates the mediating effects of operational performance (i.e., efficiency and flexibility), along with the significant moderation by supply chain integration in the relationship between risk management and operational efficiency. However, the results do not support the role of operational flexibility in mediating the relationship between SCRM and OP. Furthermore, the role of SCI as a moderator between SCRM è operational flexibility was not established. This research is the first to introduce an empirically validated framework of supply chain performance in the defense industry, besides conceptualizing the direct and indirect roles of SCRM, efficiency, flexibility, and integration. This study also navigates some of the critical issues and obstacles faced by the national defense industry and highlights a holistic model that facilitates a multistage supply chain decision-making. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125999513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
adeel ahmed, W. Barkat, Riaz Ahmed, Shahzad Khalil
This research aims to assess the relevance and association of employability skills of universities graduates and its impact on economic well-being in the context of China Pakistan Economic Corridor. This study analyzed student’s employability skills, governments and universities policy initiatives for skill development. The mixed methods approach used, conducted key informant interviews(n=7) from different stakeholders and a structured survey (n=241) from seven public sector universities students. This research also did archrivals analysis of the available policy documents, annual reports, prospectus, and other relevant information. The findings of this research are valuable in terms of having an understanding about the current government policies, higher institution's role in the development of skilled human resources and implementation of the standards. In addition, study also found that the China Pakistan Economic Corridor has huge potential to enhance the economic growth of Pakistan given that the development of skilled human resources on priority. In particular, this paper assessed and analyzed the supply and demand side for employability skills and impact on economic wellbeing in the framework of China Pakistan Economic Corridor.
{"title":"The Nexus Between Employability Skills and Economic Well-Being in the Context of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor","authors":"adeel ahmed, W. Barkat, Riaz Ahmed, Shahzad Khalil","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v24i3.781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v24i3.781","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to assess the relevance and association of employability skills of universities graduates and its impact on economic well-being in the context of China Pakistan Economic Corridor. This study analyzed student’s employability skills, governments and universities policy initiatives for skill development. The mixed methods approach used, conducted key informant interviews(n=7) from different stakeholders and a structured survey (n=241) from seven public sector universities students. This research also did archrivals analysis of the available policy documents, annual reports, prospectus, and other relevant information. The findings of this research are valuable in terms of having an understanding about the current government policies, higher institution's role in the development of skilled human resources and implementation of the standards. In addition, study also found that the China Pakistan Economic Corridor has huge potential to enhance the economic growth of Pakistan given that the development of skilled human resources on priority. In particular, this paper assessed and analyzed the supply and demand side for employability skills and impact on economic wellbeing in the framework of China Pakistan Economic Corridor.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114849098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saifullah Shakir, Abdul Aziz, A. Hameed, Rashid Hayat
Business operations requires well-structured activities into firm different departments and best utilization of capitals in small or large size firms was sole objective to meet the expectation of profit and preference of investors. To meet these expectations of investors was a challenge for firm managers as shown by many early studies. The objective of this study was to analyses the impact of responsibility accounting on firm profitability measurement proxies of listed firms the in the Pakistan stock exchange. Ex-post facto design of research was take on. Study utilized the cost of sale, operating cost, quick ratio, cash conversion cycle as a responsibility accounting variables using firm size as control and proxies used for profitability were earnings per share, profit before tax, return on assets and return on equity. To test the study hypothesis, all listed firms in the PSX till 30th June 2021 was considered for population of the study. Study used a sample of all 38 sectors top listed companies using purposive and stratified sampling technique using data from the period 2011 to 2021. Study data were taken out from listed firms annual reports published on their website and also taken from PSX website after auditor’s scrutiny reports. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test the study data. Study used panel least square techniques fixed or random effect model. Study results of Hausman test favours of random effect model. So study reports the result of random effect model. Findings of the study shows that responsibility accounting (RA) variables affect significantly on profit before tax as P value is less than 0.05 of the listed firm in PSX during the period. Study also revealed that cash conversion cycle and firm size has insignificant association with PBT. Results also shows that F-Stat=3.469, AdjR2=.0.145, p=0.000. Study results with earnings per share and return on assets shows that a non-significant behavior with and without control variable. There is a significant difference in the result of EPS as well as return on assets with and without the control variable of firm size. Findings of the study of responsibility accounting have significant association on return on equity while non-significant effect on return using firm size as control variable. Results of the study also shows the behavior of cost of sale, operating costs, firm quick ratio, cash conversion cycle and firm size has either positive or negative relationship with profitability measurement proxies of listed firm. depends on different conclusion of the study shows that profitability proxies has affected by responsibility accounting of listed firm in Pakistan stock exchange in Pakistan. Based on the findings and conclusion, managers of the listed firm must focus more on measuring the profitability in such a way complete understanding of responsibility accounting. They must make sure to assign proper task handing over with clear objective, proper process of appraisa
{"title":"Responsibility Accounting and Profitability of Listed Companies in Pakistan Stock Exchange","authors":"Saifullah Shakir, Abdul Aziz, A. Hameed, Rashid Hayat","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v24i2.673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v24i2.673","url":null,"abstract":"Business operations requires well-structured activities into firm different departments and best utilization of capitals in small or large size firms was sole objective to meet the expectation of profit and preference of investors. To meet these expectations of investors was a challenge for firm managers as shown by many early studies. The objective of this study was to analyses the impact of responsibility accounting on firm profitability measurement proxies of listed firms the in the Pakistan stock exchange. Ex-post facto design of research was take on. Study utilized the cost of sale, operating cost, quick ratio, cash conversion cycle as a responsibility accounting variables using firm size as control and proxies used for profitability were earnings per share, profit before tax, return on assets and return on equity. To test the study hypothesis, all listed firms in the PSX till 30th June 2021 was considered for population of the study. Study used a sample of all 38 sectors top listed companies using purposive and stratified sampling technique using data from the period 2011 to 2021. Study data were taken out from listed firms annual reports published on their website and also taken from PSX website after auditor’s scrutiny reports. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test the study data. Study used panel least square techniques fixed or random effect model. Study results of Hausman test favours of random effect model. So study reports the result of random effect model. Findings of the study shows that responsibility accounting (RA) variables affect significantly on profit before tax as P value is less than 0.05 of the listed firm in PSX during the period. Study also revealed that cash conversion cycle and firm size has insignificant association with PBT. Results also shows that F-Stat=3.469, AdjR2=.0.145, p=0.000. Study results with earnings per share and return on assets shows that a non-significant behavior with and without control variable. There is a significant difference in the result of EPS as well as return on assets with and without the control variable of firm size. Findings of the study of responsibility accounting have significant association on return on equity while non-significant effect on return using firm size as control variable. Results of the study also shows the behavior of cost of sale, operating costs, firm quick ratio, cash conversion cycle and firm size has either positive or negative relationship with profitability measurement proxies of listed firm. depends on different conclusion of the study shows that profitability proxies has affected by responsibility accounting of listed firm in Pakistan stock exchange in Pakistan. Based on the findings and conclusion, managers of the listed firm must focus more on measuring the profitability in such a way complete understanding of responsibility accounting. They must make sure to assign proper task handing over with clear objective, proper process of appraisa","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122149759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research study focused on the economic impact of covid-19 on small and medium entrepreneurs. This research study was conducted in seven districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 350 samples were randomly selected from seven districts. From each district 50 samples were selected including 25 small and 25 medium entrepreneurs. All the samples were taken from auto, hoteling, grocery, fresh food and garments industries. The results showed that stay-at-home policy inflicted huge economic cost both on small and medium entrepreneurs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. On average a small entrepreneur in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa lost US $1552.8 per day while every medium entrepreneur lost US $13084.2 per day in the garments industry during covid-19 lock down. Similarly, per day average cost of a small entrepreneur in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was US $898.7 while that of the medium entrepreneur was US $6140.65 during covid-19 lock down. This financial lost/cost did not include any past or current liabilities rather it was derived from the sale and purchase data collected from the local entrepreneurs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
{"title":"The Economic Impact of Covid-19: A Study of Small and Medium Entrepreneurs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Sheraz Ali, Johar Ali, A. Khan, Saeeda Khan","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v24i2.685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v24i2.685","url":null,"abstract":"This research study focused on the economic impact of covid-19 on small and medium entrepreneurs. This research study was conducted in seven districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 350 samples were randomly selected from seven districts. From each district 50 samples were selected including 25 small and 25 medium entrepreneurs. All the samples were taken from auto, hoteling, grocery, fresh food and garments industries. The results showed that stay-at-home policy inflicted huge economic cost both on small and medium entrepreneurs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. On average a small entrepreneur in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa lost US $1552.8 per day while every medium entrepreneur lost US $13084.2 per day in the garments industry during covid-19 lock down. Similarly, per day average cost of a small entrepreneur in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was US $898.7 while that of the medium entrepreneur was US $6140.65 during covid-19 lock down. This financial lost/cost did not include any past or current liabilities rather it was derived from the sale and purchase data collected from the local entrepreneurs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131181138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sindh Education Sector Reform Project (SESRP) was a Sindh government project in Pakistan that refers to expand the quality of education in primary schools within the Hyderabad region. For the first time, the Sindh government has taken steps to assess how school leadership affects basic education quality. They also intend to examine all other aspects that affect primary school education quality and suggest appropriate steps to improve primary education quality. This study aims to investigate and expand our basic knowledge of (SESRP), leadership, and educational quality. by adding to the body of knowledge During the collection of a representative sample, the researchers used purposeful and judgmental sampling approaches. The study used thematic analysis to analyse material that was passed from one person to another. Content analysis and documentary analysis were used to conduct face-to-face interviews. The findings revealed that school leaders (headmasters) have worked extremely hard to provide quality education in primary schools throughout the Hyderabad Region, despite numerous challenges. If this project is not fully implemented, education will suffer, and the efforts of Headmasters will be wasted. On top of the domino effect, the recommendation is based on a literature review.
{"title":"The impact of the Sindh Education Sector Reform Project(SESRP) on educational quality in Primary schools within the Hyderabad Region Pakistan","authors":"Imtiaz Ali Mallah, Imamdin Khoso, M. Nawaz","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v24i2.742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v24i2.742","url":null,"abstract":"The Sindh Education Sector Reform Project (SESRP) was a Sindh government project in Pakistan that refers to expand the quality of education in primary schools within the Hyderabad region. For the first time, the Sindh government has taken steps to assess how school leadership affects basic education quality. They also intend to examine all other aspects that affect primary school education quality and suggest appropriate steps to improve primary education quality. This study aims to investigate and expand our basic knowledge of (SESRP), leadership, and educational quality. by adding to the body of knowledge During the collection of a representative sample, the researchers used purposeful and judgmental sampling approaches. The study used thematic analysis to analyse material that was passed from one person to another. Content analysis and documentary analysis were used to conduct face-to-face interviews. The findings revealed that school leaders (headmasters) have worked extremely hard to provide quality education in primary schools throughout the Hyderabad Region, despite numerous challenges. If this project is not fully implemented, education will suffer, and the efforts of Headmasters will be wasted. On top of the domino effect, the recommendation is based on a literature review.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129230130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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