This research aimed to develop & test the scale for perceived socioeconomic sustainability (PSES). Data was collected from 425 experienced industrial entrepreneurs by survey method of data collection. Findings suggested that the statistically tested form of the PSES scale has consisted of 11-items under single factor. Further, this study displays statistical process by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) technique to ensure validity and reliability as testimony for the instrument-development. The scale for PSES, developed by this study, will be helpful for scholars for measurement of ‘perception’ of different stakeholders of entrepreneurial ecosystem like financial institutions, media, Government, and service industry etc.
{"title":"A Exploratory Factor Analysis, Validation and Reliability of the ‘Perceived Socio-Economic Sustainability’ Scale: An Entrepreneurship and Economic Corridors Perspective","authors":"Z. Rehman, Muhammad Arif","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v23i1.500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v23i1.500","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to develop & test the scale for perceived socioeconomic sustainability (PSES). Data was collected from 425 experienced industrial entrepreneurs by survey method of data collection. Findings suggested that the statistically tested form of the PSES scale has consisted of 11-items under single factor. Further, this study displays statistical process by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) technique to ensure validity and reliability as testimony for the instrument-development. The scale for PSES, developed by this study, will be helpful for scholars for measurement of ‘perception’ of different stakeholders of entrepreneurial ecosystem like financial institutions, media, Government, and service industry etc.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121268003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafsa Iqbal, Kashif Riaz, Dr. Kamran Khan, Dr. Syed Karamatullah Hussainy
An important question in the field of spirituality at the workplace concerns the relationship of this construct with organizational outcomes. While recognizing that workplace spirituality is an abstract concept, this study attempts to empirically measure the relationship between spirituality at the workplace with employee attitude and engagement. Workplace spirituality has been measured through a combination of individual and organizational type variables whereas employee attitude was measured through five prevalent variables. Two variables were used to measure employee engagement. This study proved a positive association between spirituality at the workplace and employee attitude and engagement. PLS-SEM is used to test the developed research model and hypotheses on the collected data. In conclusion and recommendation, this paper presents numerous implications and research directions for both academics and the business world, moreover, the paper also justifies the need for a comprehensive investigation into the impact of workplace spirituality on employees and subsequently on organizational performance.
{"title":"Impact of workplace spirituality on employee attitudes and engagements","authors":"Hafsa Iqbal, Kashif Riaz, Dr. Kamran Khan, Dr. Syed Karamatullah Hussainy","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v23i1.551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v23i1.551","url":null,"abstract":"An important question in the field of spirituality at the workplace concerns the relationship of this construct with organizational outcomes. While recognizing that workplace spirituality is an abstract concept, this study attempts to empirically measure the relationship between spirituality at the workplace with employee attitude and engagement. Workplace spirituality has been measured through a combination of individual and organizational type variables whereas employee attitude was measured through five prevalent variables. Two variables were used to measure employee engagement. This study proved a positive association between spirituality at the workplace and employee attitude and engagement. PLS-SEM is used to test the developed research model and hypotheses on the collected data. In conclusion and recommendation, this paper presents numerous implications and research directions for both academics and the business world, moreover, the paper also justifies the need for a comprehensive investigation into the impact of workplace spirituality on employees and subsequently on organizational performance.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"461 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123452796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafiz Ihsan Ur Rehman, Urva Zainab, H. Iqbal, Muhammad Amir
The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationship between brand experience, brand strength, and electronic word of mouth along with mediating role of perceived brand value. A total of 308 responses were generated, using an electronic questionnaire. The data was deductively analyzed using reliability, validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicate that brand experiences positively influence brand strength and electronic word of mouth. Moreover, the results revealed the partial mediation of customer perceived value in the relationship of brand experience and brand strength and also in the relationship between brand experience and electronic word of mouth. This study explains how restaurants can create electronic word of mouth and increased brand strength through memorable experiences. This study provides insight beyond marketing mix elements, and ad theatrical elements which provide evidence for positive customer value perception increased brand strength, and widely generated word of mouth. The theatrical elements of serving food studied in this research have not been studied before in the context of Pakistani restaurants. Therefore, this study bridges the gap between previous studies.
{"title":"Importance of Customer Perceived Value in Restaurant Businesses: Influence of Brand Experience on Brand Strength and Electronic Word of Mouth","authors":"Hafiz Ihsan Ur Rehman, Urva Zainab, H. Iqbal, Muhammad Amir","doi":"10.22555/pbr.v23i1.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v23i1.506","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationship between brand experience, brand strength, and electronic word of mouth along with mediating role of perceived brand value. A total of 308 responses were generated, using an electronic questionnaire. The data was deductively analyzed using reliability, validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicate that brand experiences positively influence brand strength and electronic word of mouth. Moreover, the results revealed the partial mediation of customer perceived value in the relationship of brand experience and brand strength and also in the relationship between brand experience and electronic word of mouth. This study explains how restaurants can create electronic word of mouth and increased brand strength through memorable experiences. This study provides insight beyond marketing mix elements, and ad theatrical elements which provide evidence for positive customer value perception increased brand strength, and widely generated word of mouth. The theatrical elements of serving food studied in this research have not been studied before in the context of Pakistani restaurants. Therefore, this study bridges the gap between previous studies.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116952887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Existing stock price models are based on time series methodologies which are hard to estimate and involves lots of assumptions. This study, in contrast, assumes that the stock prices follow stochastic process that possesses Markov dependency with finite state transition probabilities. For this purpose, daily stock index data from Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE) is collected from 2010-2015 and categorized in to 10 state spaces. Based on the results of state transition model, the study highlights the most probable state of return and also its transition into another state. Further, the study used Monte Carlo method of stock index simulations both Markov chain and original stock index. The analysis shows that it is possible to model and forecast stock index by capturing Markov process. The results of the study are helpful for investors in selecting right time of making investment and for academician to think about more sophisticated methods of state identification.
{"title":"Modeling Stock Index Using Finite State Markov Chain","authors":"H. H. Mirza, M. Nazir, G. Ali","doi":"10.22555/PBR.V20I3.681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/PBR.V20I3.681","url":null,"abstract":"Existing stock price models are based on time series methodologies which are hard to estimate and involves lots of assumptions. This study, in contrast, assumes that the stock prices follow stochastic process that possesses Markov dependency with finite state transition probabilities. For this purpose, daily stock index data from Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE) is collected from 2010-2015 and categorized in to 10 state spaces. Based on the results of state transition model, the study highlights the most probable state of return and also its transition into another state. Further, the study used Monte Carlo method of stock index simulations both Markov chain and original stock index. The analysis shows that it is possible to model and forecast stock index by capturing Markov process. The results of the study are helpful for investors in selecting right time of making investment and for academician to think about more sophisticated methods of state identification.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125922017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The core objective of this paper is to investigate whether firm specific variables and board attributes affect the working capital ratio of textile composite, textile spinning, textile weaving and overall sample of firms listed on KSE during 2008-2014. Profitability is positively related to working capital ratio in textile spinning, textile weaving and in over sample of firms. Alternatively, profitability is inversely related to working capital ratio in textile composite. Firm size, leverage and assets tangibility have shown consistent results and negatively related to working capital ratio in all regressions. Age is positively related to working capital ratio in textile composite and in overall sample of firms. Board size is unrelated to working capital ratio. Board composition is positively (in textile composite only) while CEO duality is negatively (in textile spinning only) related to working capital ratio. In sum, firm specific variables have a significant while board attributes have a minute impact on working capital ratio.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF FIRM SPECIFIC MEASURES AND BOARD ATTRIBUTES ON WORKING CAPITAL: EVIDENCE FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN","authors":"N. Sheikh","doi":"10.22555/PBR.V20I3.598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/PBR.V20I3.598","url":null,"abstract":"The core objective of this paper is to investigate whether firm specific variables and board attributes affect the working capital ratio of textile composite, textile spinning, textile weaving and overall sample of firms listed on KSE during 2008-2014. Profitability is positively related to working capital ratio in textile spinning, textile weaving and in over sample of firms. Alternatively, profitability is inversely related to working capital ratio in textile composite. Firm size, leverage and assets tangibility have shown consistent results and negatively related to working capital ratio in all regressions. Age is positively related to working capital ratio in textile composite and in overall sample of firms. Board size is unrelated to working capital ratio. Board composition is positively (in textile composite only) while CEO duality is negatively (in textile spinning only) related to working capital ratio. In sum, firm specific variables have a significant while board attributes have a minute impact on working capital ratio.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123305550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current research analyzes the impact of strategic implementation of CSR in the projection of socially responsible identity which has positive effects on the quality performance of the organization. Based on extensive literature review, theoretical framework was developed to analyze the role of CSR in projection of socially responsible identity and its impact on quality performance. For this purpose, non-probability sampling procedures were applied for data collection. Statistical tests like pearson’s correlations and regression analysis has been used to analyze the impact of socially responsible identity on quality performance of the organization. Findings of the study showed that CSR dimensions helps out in projection of SRI, If these dimensions are implemented strategically and largely this contributes in the quality performance of a corporation in long term thus qualifying the notion that CSR is a strategic investment that has trickledown effect can be seem over the period of time.
{"title":"Socially Responsible Identity: Linking Corporate Social Responsibility, Strategic Implementation and Quality Performance","authors":"Talha Shawakt, S. Habib, S. Khan","doi":"10.22555/PBR.V20I3.1383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/PBR.V20I3.1383","url":null,"abstract":"Current research analyzes the impact of strategic implementation of CSR in the projection of socially responsible identity which has positive effects on the quality performance of the organization. Based on extensive literature review, theoretical framework was developed to analyze the role of CSR in projection of socially responsible identity and its impact on quality performance. For this purpose, non-probability sampling procedures were applied for data collection. Statistical tests like pearson’s correlations and regression analysis has been used to analyze the impact of socially responsible identity on quality performance of the organization. Findings of the study showed that CSR dimensions helps out in projection of SRI, If these dimensions are implemented strategically and largely this contributes in the quality performance of a corporation in long term thus qualifying the notion that CSR is a strategic investment that has trickledown effect can be seem over the period of time.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116907796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study has attempted to investigate the relationship between the organizational learning and organizational effectiveness. A conceptual model has been developed in light of posed research questions. The population of this research study was (05) Cellular companies. Using simple random sampling strategy, research instrument was distributed among a sample of 500 middle managers. The relationships of variables were tested using Andrew Hayes (2014) Process Regression Method
{"title":"STUDYING THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS AMONG THE CELLULAR COMPANIES OF PAKISTAN","authors":"Syed Hussain Mustafa Gillani, Malkah Noor Kiani","doi":"10.22555/PBR.V20I3.851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/PBR.V20I3.851","url":null,"abstract":"This study has attempted to investigate the relationship between the organizational learning and organizational effectiveness. A conceptual model has been developed in light of posed research questions. The population of this research study was (05) Cellular companies. Using simple random sampling strategy, research instrument was distributed among a sample of 500 middle managers. The relationships of variables were tested using Andrew Hayes (2014) Process Regression Method","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124994480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this global era, emotional intelligence tends to be one of the most central ideas to strike the business world in recent years. It is based on the conception that competency of managers to understand their own emotions, and those of the people they work along with, is the key indicator of better business performance and its sustainable growth. This study attempts to empirically examine the effect of emotional intelligence on work attitude and work outcome of subordinates. The study reveals that subordinates working under the managers with high emotional intelligence show favorable work outcome and display positive work attitude .
{"title":"Impact of Manager's Emotional Intelligence on Subordinate's Work Attitude and Work Outcome","authors":"Basheer Ahmad, M. Shafique","doi":"10.22555/PBR.V20I3.2311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/PBR.V20I3.2311","url":null,"abstract":"In this global era, emotional intelligence tends to be one of the most central ideas to strike the business world in recent years. It is based on the conception that competency of managers to understand their own emotions, and those of the people they work along with, is the key indicator of better business performance and its sustainable growth. This study attempts to empirically examine the effect of emotional intelligence on work attitude and work outcome of subordinates. The study reveals that subordinates working under the managers with high emotional intelligence show favorable work outcome and display positive work attitude .","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130026680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The current study investigated the relationship of perceived organizational politics, organizational support, transformational leadership, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction and job stress with turnover intention among 450 (278 males and 172 females) university teachers from public and private sector universities in Pakistan. Pearson moment correlation analysis and t-test were computed to investigate the relationship between study variables. Results showed that turn over intention was positively related perceived organizational politics and job stress and it was found to be negatively related to perceived organizational support, transformational leadership, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis was also computed to assess the predictive relationship of above mentioned variables with turnover intention. It was also founds that males scored higher perceived organizational politics and job stress while females were found to have higher perception about their leaders to be transformational and were more committed to their organizations.
{"title":"Relationship of Organizational politics, Organizational support, Transformational leadership and other Work Related Factor with Turnover Intention among University Teachers","authors":"Imran A. Bukhari, A. Kamal","doi":"10.22555/PBR.V20I3.2446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/PBR.V20I3.2446","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study investigated the relationship of perceived organizational politics, organizational support, transformational leadership, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction and job stress with turnover intention among 450 (278 males and 172 females) university teachers from public and private sector universities in Pakistan. Pearson moment correlation analysis and t-test were computed to investigate the relationship between study variables. Results showed that turn over intention was positively related perceived organizational politics and job stress and it was found to be negatively related to perceived organizational support, transformational leadership, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis was also computed to assess the predictive relationship of above mentioned variables with turnover intention. It was also founds that males scored higher perceived organizational politics and job stress while females were found to have higher perception about their leaders to be transformational and were more committed to their organizations.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133348861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Employees Engagement is an emerging concept in organizational behavior and personal psychology. The concept is elaborated as personal engagement that is a psychological connectivity between employees and work. This research study aims to find antecedents of employee engagement and its impact on Discretionary Efforts. A quantitative survey is used with convenience sampling to collect data from 500 faculty members of business schools across Pakistan. The findings reveal that motivation, job involvement and job characteristics are contributing factors to work engagement; whereas, organizational support and organizational justice are insignificant to faculty engagement. Furthermore, work engagement has significant influence upon discretionary efforts and has mediating power for all loaded predictors. The results are important for to format HR strategies and enhance faculty engagement for positive work outcomes.
{"title":"Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement: A Case Study of Business School Faculty in Pakistan","authors":"Z. Abro","doi":"10.22555/PBR.V20I3.595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22555/PBR.V20I3.595","url":null,"abstract":"Employees Engagement is an emerging concept in organizational behavior and personal psychology. The concept is elaborated as personal engagement that is a psychological connectivity between employees and work. This research study aims to find antecedents of employee engagement and its impact on Discretionary Efforts. A quantitative survey is used with convenience sampling to collect data from 500 faculty members of business schools across Pakistan. The findings reveal that motivation, job involvement and job characteristics are contributing factors to work engagement; whereas, organizational support and organizational justice are insignificant to faculty engagement. Furthermore, work engagement has significant influence upon discretionary efforts and has mediating power for all loaded predictors. The results are important for to format HR strategies and enhance faculty engagement for positive work outcomes.","PeriodicalId":255789,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Business Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129352749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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