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A Criterion for Deciding the Number of Clusters in a Dataset Based on Data Depth 基于数据深度的数据集聚类数判定准则
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2196888820500232
Ishwar Baidari, Channamma Patil
Clustering is a key method in unsupervised learning with various applications in data mining, pattern recognition and intelligent information processing. However, the number of groups to be formed, usually notated as [Formula: see text] is a vital parameter for most of the existing clustering algorithms as their clustering results depend heavily on this parameter. The problem of finding the optimal [Formula: see text] value is very challenging. This paper proposes a novel idea for finding the correct number of groups in a dataset based on data depth. The idea is to avoid the traditional process of running the clustering algorithm over a dataset for [Formula: see text] times and further, finding the [Formula: see text] value for a dataset without setting any specific search range for [Formula: see text] parameter. We experiment with different indices, namely CH, KL, Silhouette, Gap, CSP and the proposed method on different real and synthetic datasets to estimate the correct number of groups in a dataset. The experimental results on real and synthetic datasets indicate good performance of the proposed method.
聚类是无监督学习的一种关键方法,在数据挖掘、模式识别和智能信息处理等领域有着广泛的应用。然而,对于大多数现有的聚类算法来说,要形成的组的数量(通常记为[公式:见文本])是一个重要的参数,因为它们的聚类结果严重依赖于这个参数。寻找最优[公式:见文本]值的问题非常具有挑战性。本文提出了一种基于数据深度的数据集中查找正确组数的新思路。这个想法是为了避免在数据集上运行[Formula: see text]次的传统聚类算法,并且在不为[Formula: see text]参数设置任何特定搜索范围的情况下为数据集找到[Formula: see text]值。我们在不同的真实和合成数据集上实验了不同的指标,即CH, KL, Silhouette, Gap, CSP和所提出的方法,以估计数据集中正确的组数。在真实数据集和合成数据集上的实验结果表明了该方法的良好性能。
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引用次数: 2
Analysis of Internal and External Academic Collaboration in an Institution Through Graph Theory 用图论分析机构内部与外部学术合作
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2196888820500220
J. Guerrero-Sosa, Víctor Hugo Menéndez Domínguez, M. Castellanos-Bolaños, L. Curi-Quintal
This paper presents an analysis of scientific collaboration through graph theory, based on a previous study focused on the collaborative work of researchers within an institution. This proposal also exposes the representation of inter-institutional collaboration of research groups, combining graph theory and data mining. The state of the art relates the concepts of scientific production, digital repositories, interoperability between repositories, the law of Open Science in Mexico, the theory of graphs and their use in previous studies for the analysis of scientific collaboration, and the definition of research groups in Mexico. Furthermore, the methodology uses elements of knowledge extraction for data mining, involving recovery, processing and visualization. Results present the collaboration status at the Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, internally and externally, by the research groups. Internally, 22 groups were found and each researcher collaborates with six other professors within the institution, on average. In addition, consolidated research groups are those with the highest level of production and collaboration at national and international level, compared to the groups with less consolidation.
本文基于先前对机构内研究人员协作工作的研究,通过图论对科学协作进行了分析。同时,结合图论和数据挖掘,揭示了机构间研究团队合作的表现形式。最先进的技术涉及科学生产的概念、数字存储库、存储库之间的互操作性、墨西哥的开放科学法、图论及其在先前科学合作分析研究中的应用,以及墨西哥研究小组的定义。此外,该方法将知识提取的元素用于数据挖掘,包括恢复、处理和可视化。结果显示了各研究小组在universsidad Autónoma de Yucatán内部和外部的合作状况。在研究所内部,共有22个小组,每位研究员平均与6名教授合作。此外,与合并较少的研究小组相比,合并的研究小组是在国家和国际一级具有最高水平的生产和合作的研究小组。
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引用次数: 3
Alpha-N-V2: Shortest Path Finder Automated Delivery Robot with Obstacle Detection and Avoiding System 具有障碍物检测和回避系统的最短路径自动投递机器人Alpha-N-V2
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2196888820500219
A. A. Neloy, R. A. Bindu, S. Alam, Ridwanul Haque, Md. Saif Khan, Nasim Mahmud Mishu, Shahnewaz Siddique
An improved version of Alpha-N, a self-powered, wheel-driven Automated Delivery Robot (ADR), is presented in this study. Alpha-N-V2 is capable of navigating autonomously by detecting and avoiding objects or obstacles in its path. For autonomous navigation and path planning, Alpha-N uses a vector map and calculates the shortest path by Grid Count Method (GCM) of Dijkstra’s Algorithm. The RFID Reading System (RRS) is assembled in Alpha-N to read Landmark determination with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags. With the help of the RFID tags, Alpha-N verifies the path for identification between source and destination and calibrates the current position. Along with the RRS, GCM, to detect and avoid obstacles, an Object Detection Module (ODM) is constructed by Faster R-CNN with VGGNet-16 architecture that builds and supports the Path Planning System (PPS). In the testing phase, the following results are acquired from the Alpha-N: ODM exhibits an accuracy of [Formula: see text], RRS shows [Formula: see text] accuracy and the PPS maintains the accuracy of [Formula: see text]. This proposed version of Alpha-N shows significant improvement in terms of performance and usability compared with the previous version of Alpha-N.
一种改进版的Alpha-N,一种自供电、轮驱动的自动递送机器人(ADR),在本研究中提出。Alpha-N-V2能够通过探测和避开路径上的物体或障碍物来自主导航。对于自主导航和路径规划,Alpha-N使用矢量地图,并通过Dijkstra算法的网格计数法(Grid Count Method, GCM)计算最短路径。RFID读取系统(RRS)在Alpha-N中组装,以读取具有射频识别(RFID)标签的地标确定。在RFID标签的帮助下,Alpha-N验证源和目的地之间的识别路径,并校准当前位置。与RRS、GCM一起,为了检测和避开障碍物,Faster R-CNN采用VGGNet-16架构构建了一个目标检测模块(ODM),该模块构建并支持路径规划系统(PPS)。在测试阶段,从Alpha-N中得到以下结果:ODM的精度为[公式:见文],RRS的精度为[公式:见文],PPS保持[公式:见文]的精度。与之前的Alpha-N版本相比,这个提议的Alpha-N版本在性能和可用性方面有了显著的改进。
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引用次数: 2
Refining Indeterministic Choice: Imprecise Probabilities and Strategic Thinking 精炼不确定选择:不精确概率和战略思考
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2196888820500256
J. Castro, J. Gabarró, M. Serna
Often, uncertainty is present in processes that are part of our routines. Having tools to understand the consequences of unpredictability is convenient. We introduce a general framework to deal with uncertainty in the realm of distribution sets that are descriptions of imprecise probabilities. We propose several non-biased re ̄nement strategies to obtain sensible forecasts about results of uncertain processes. Initially, uncertainty on a system is modeled as the nondeterministic choice of its possible behaviors. Our re ̄nement hypothesis translates non-determinism into imprecise probabilistic choices. Imprecise probabilities allow us to propose a notion of uncertainty re ̄nement in terms of set inclusions. Later on, unpredictability is tackled through a strategic approach using uncertainty pro ̄les and angel/daemon games (a=d-games). Here, imprecise probabilities form the set of mixed strategies and Nash equilibria corresponds to natural uncertainty re ̄nements. We use this approach to study the performance of Web applications in terms of response times under stress conditions.
通常,不确定性存在于我们日常生活的一部分。有工具来理解不可预测性的后果是很方便的。我们引入了一个通用框架来处理分布集领域的不确定性,分布集是对不精确概率的描述。我们提出了几种无偏重构策略,以获得对不确定过程结果的合理预测。最初,系统的不确定性被建模为其可能行为的不确定性选择。我们的重构假设将非决定论转化为不精确的概率选择。不精确的概率允许我们根据集合包含提出不确定性重构的概念。之后,不可预测性是通过使用不确定性和天使/守护游戏(a=d-games)的策略方法来解决的。在这里,不精确的概率构成了混合策略的集合,纳什均衡对应于自然的不确定性。我们使用这种方法来研究Web应用程序在压力条件下的响应时间性能。
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引用次数: 0
Integration of Manufacturing Information via Dynamic Information Model Aggregation 基于动态信息模型聚合的制造信息集成
Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.1142/s219688882150010x
Sebastian Schmied, Daniel Grossmann, Selvine G. Mathias, R. Mueller
An important part of the industry 4.0 concept is the horizontal and vertical integration of manufacturing systems. Information exchange in traditional production environments happens through interfaces that are connections between strictly defined senders and receivers. This limits the possibility for changing and extending the manufacturing system. A possible approach to enable the information exchange between all system entities uniformly are information models. Such models are semantic descriptions of the available data. The creation of these models needs to follow the manufacturing process, but also requires certain standardization to improve efficiency. Another challenge is the actual technical integration of the information into a common address space. This paper connects an approach for information modeling with a concept for dynamic aggregation. The approach is described with the help of a continuous example that uses OPC UA as a middleware technology.
工业4.0概念的一个重要组成部分是制造系统的横向和纵向集成。传统生产环境中的信息交换是通过接口进行的,接口是严格定义的发送方和接收方之间的连接。这限制了改变和扩展制造系统的可能性。在所有系统实体之间统一地进行信息交换的一种可能方法是信息模型。这些模型是对可用数据的语义描述。这些模型的创建需要遵循制造过程,但也需要一定的标准化以提高效率。另一个挑战是将信息集成到公共地址空间的实际技术。本文将一种信息建模方法与动态聚合的概念联系起来。通过使用OPC UA作为中间件技术的连续示例来描述该方法。
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引用次数: 2
Fall Detection in Elderly Care System Based on Group of Pictures 基于图像组的老年护理系统跌倒检测
Pub Date : 2020-10-22 DOI: 10.1142/s2196888821500081
S. Sowmyayani, V. Murugan, J. Kavitha
Fall detection is a serious problem in elder people. Constant inspection is important for this fall identification. Currently, numerous methods associated with fall detection are a significant area of research for safety purposes and for the healthcare industries. The objective of this paper is to identify elderly falls. The proposed method introduces keyframe based fall detection in elderly care system. Experiments were conducted on University of Rzeszow (UR) Fall Detection dataset, Fall Detection Dataset and MultiCam dataset. It is substantially proved that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy rate of 99%, 98.15% and 99% for UR Fall detection dataset, Fall Detection Dataset and MultiCam dataset, respectively. The performance of the proposed method is compared with other methods and proved to have higher accuracy rate than those methods.
跌倒检测是老年人面临的一个严重问题。不断的检查对秋季鉴定很重要。目前,许多与跌倒检测相关的方法是安全目的和医疗保健行业研究的重要领域。本文的目的是识别老年人跌倒。提出了一种基于关键帧的老年人跌倒检测方法。实验分别在Rzeszow大学(UR)跌倒检测数据集、跌倒检测数据集和MultiCam数据集上进行。实验证明,该方法在UR跌倒检测数据集、跌倒检测数据集和MultiCam数据集上的准确率分别达到了99%、98.15%和99%。通过与其他方法的性能比较,证明该方法具有更高的准确率。
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引用次数: 6
Designing Personalized Learning Environments - The Role of Learning Analytics 设计个性化的学习环境——学习分析的作用
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1142/s219688882050013x
Aleksandra Klašnja-Milićević, M. Ivanović, Bela Stantic
Learning analytics, as a rapidly evolving field, offers an encouraging approach with the aim of understanding, optimizing and enhancing learning process. Learners have the capabilities to interact with the learning analytics system through adequate user interface. Such systems enables various features such as learning recommendations, visualizations, reminders, rating and self-assessments possibilities. This paper proposes a framework for learning analytics aimed to improve personalized learning environments, encouraging the learner’s skills to monitor, adapt, and improve their own learning. It is an attempt to articulate the characterizing properties that reveals the association between learning analytics and personalized learning environment. In order to verify data analysis approaches and to determine the validity and accuracy of a learning analytics, and its corresponding to learning profiles, a case study was performed. The findings indicate that educational data for learning analytics are context specific and variables carry different meanings and can have different implications on learning success prediction.
学习分析作为一个快速发展的领域,为理解、优化和增强学习过程提供了一种令人鼓舞的方法。学习者有能力通过适当的用户界面与学习分析系统进行交互。这样的系统支持各种功能,如学习推荐、可视化、提醒、评级和自我评估的可能性。本文提出了一个学习分析的框架,旨在改善个性化的学习环境,鼓励学习者监控、适应和改进自己学习的技能。它试图阐明揭示学习分析和个性化学习环境之间关联的特征属性。为了验证数据分析方法,确定学习分析及其相应的学习概况的有效性和准确性,进行了一个案例研究。研究结果表明,用于学习分析的教育数据是特定于上下文的,变量具有不同的含义,并且可以对学习成功预测产生不同的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Optimization Methods for Redundancy Allocation in Large Systems 大型系统中冗余分配的优化方法
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1142/s2196888820500165
F. Leon, P. Cașcaval, C. Bǎdicǎ
This paper addresses the issue of optimal allocation of spare modules in large series-redundant systems in order to obtain a required reliability under cost constraints. Both cases of active and standby redundancy are considered. Moreover, for a subsystem with standby redundancy, two cases are examined: in the first case, all the spares are maintained in cold state (cold standby redundancy) and, in the second one, to reduce the time needed to put a spare into operation when the active one fails, one of the spares is maintained in warm conditions. To solve this optimization problem, for the simpler case of active redundancy an analytical method based on the Lagrange multipliers technique is first applied. Then the results are improved by using Pairwise Hill Climbing, an original fine-tuning algorithm. An alternative approach is an innovative evolutionary algorithm, RELIVE, in which an individual lives for several generations and improves its fitness based on local search. These methods are especially needed in case of very large systems.
本文研究了大型串联冗余系统中备件的优化配置问题,以在成本约束下获得所需的可靠性。考虑了主备冗余的两种情况。此外,对于具有备用冗余的子系统,研究了两种情况:在第一种情况下,所有备件保持在冷状态(冷备用冗余);在第二种情况下,为了减少在主备故障时将备用备件投入运行所需的时间,将其中一个备件保持在热状态。为了解决这一优化问题,首先采用了一种基于拉格朗日乘子技术的解析方法。然后利用一种新颖的微调算法——双爬坡算法对结果进行改进。另一种方法是一种创新的进化算法,RELIVE,其中一个个体可以生存几代,并根据局部搜索来提高其适应度。这些方法在非常大的系统中特别需要。
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引用次数: 2
Decision Making Under Acute Stress Modeled by an Adaptive Temporal-Causal Network Model 基于自适应时间-因果网络模型的急性应激决策模型
Pub Date : 2020-06-22 DOI: 10.1142/S2196888820500244
S. S. M. Ziabari, Jan Treur
The influence of acute severe stress or extreme emotion based on a Network-Oriented modeling methodology has been addressed here. Adaptive temporal-causal network modeling is an approach to address the phenomena with a complexity that cannot be or are hard to be explained in a real-world experiment. In the first phase, the suppression of the existing network connections as a consequence of the acute stress modeled and in the second phase relaxing the suppression by giving some time and starting new learning of the decision making in accordance with the presence of stress starts again.
基于网络导向建模方法的急性严重压力或极端情绪的影响已经在这里得到解决。自适应时间因果网络建模是一种解决在现实世界的实验中不能或难以解释的复杂现象的方法。在第一阶段,由于模拟的急性压力而抑制现有网络连接,在第二阶段,通过给予一些时间并开始根据压力的存在重新开始新的决策学习来放松抑制。
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引用次数: 5
New Descriptors of Textual Records: Getting Help from Frequent Itemsets 文本记录的新描述符:从频繁项集获得帮助
Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.1142/s2196888820500207
Ayoub Bokhabrine, Ismaïl Biskri, Nadia Ghazzali
The analysis of numerical data, whether structured, semi-structured, or raw, is of paramount importance in many sectors of economic, scientific, or simply social activity. The process of extraction of association rules is based on the lexical quality of the text and on the minimum support set by the user. In this paper, we implemented a platform named “IDETEX” capable of extracting itemsets from textual data and using it for the experimentation in different types of clustering methods, such as [Formula: see text]-Medoids and Hierarchical clustering. The experiments conducted demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach for defining similarity between segments.
对数字数据的分析,无论是结构化的、半结构化的还是原始的,在经济、科学或社会活动的许多部门中都是至关重要的。关联规则的提取过程基于文本的词法质量和用户设置的最小支持度。在本文中,我们实现了一个名为“IDETEX”的平台,该平台能够从文本数据中提取项集,并将其用于不同类型的聚类方法的实验,如[公式:见文本]- medioids和分层聚类。所进行的实验证明了所提出的方法在定义片段之间相似性方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Vietnam. J. Comput. Sci.
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