Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243628
A. Kosykh, A. Lepetaev, S. Zavjalov
In this article the analysis of the two-transistor crystal oscillator under the Bagaev circuit (which are a variety of the circuit of Butler) is produced. The technology of modeling is stated, merits and demerits of the presented circuit of excitation are considered.
{"title":"Dual-transistor oscillator circuit for BAW and SAW resonator excitation in wide motion resistance range","authors":"A. Kosykh, A. Lepetaev, S. Zavjalov","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243628","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the analysis of the two-transistor crystal oscillator under the Bagaev circuit (which are a variety of the circuit of Butler) is produced. The technology of modeling is stated, merits and demerits of the presented circuit of excitation are considered.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126703094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243576
Y. Haibo, Guang Wei
The satellite common view method is a commonly used technique in time transfer. As we known, the satellites are often the MEO satellites which belong to the GNSS, but it is little application for a GEO navigation satellite in common view time transfer. In this paper, the GEO navigation satellite is introduced, then the method of how to use it in common view time transfer is discussed in details. Through the calculation of satellite position, ionospheric delay correction, tropospheric delay correction and relativistic effect correction etc The time differences between the reference time of a pair of stations and satellite clock are obtained, furthermore, the time difference between the two stations can be calculated. After the discussion, a real result of time transfer between two stations in China is given, and the result shows that the precision of the GEO satellite common view is better than that of the GPS common view time transfer.
{"title":"Common view time transfer by a GEO navigation satellite","authors":"Y. Haibo, Guang Wei","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243576","url":null,"abstract":"The satellite common view method is a commonly used technique in time transfer. As we known, the satellites are often the MEO satellites which belong to the GNSS, but it is little application for a GEO navigation satellite in common view time transfer. In this paper, the GEO navigation satellite is introduced, then the method of how to use it in common view time transfer is discussed in details. Through the calculation of satellite position, ionospheric delay correction, tropospheric delay correction and relativistic effect correction etc The time differences between the reference time of a pair of stations and satellite clock are obtained, furthermore, the time difference between the two stations can be calculated. After the discussion, a real result of time transfer between two stations in China is given, and the result shows that the precision of the GEO satellite common view is better than that of the GPS common view time transfer.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123620599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243686
J. Chen, J. Dai, J. Wang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhang, G. Feng
High-frequency focusing LiNbO3 ultrasonic transducer utilizing the dimpling technique was fabricated and tested. A spherical surface with a curvature radius of 6mm was formed on the front face of the LiNbO3 plate with the thickness of 80μm. The other surface of the plate remained in flat without any crack. The conductive epoxy was used as the backing material and parylene was deposited on the front face as the matching layer. From the pulse-echo measurement, the center frequency of the focused transducer was 45MHz and the bandwidth was 63%. The insertion loss was -22dB. The transducer has been used for wire phantom imaging. These promising results proved that it's of great potential to fabricate high frequency broadband focusing ultrasonic transducers based on LiNbO3 single crystal using the mechanical dimpling process.
{"title":"High frequency LiNbO3 focusing transducer using a mechanical dimpling technique","authors":"J. Chen, J. Dai, J. Wang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhang, G. Feng","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243686","url":null,"abstract":"High-frequency focusing LiNbO3 ultrasonic transducer utilizing the dimpling technique was fabricated and tested. A spherical surface with a curvature radius of 6mm was formed on the front face of the LiNbO3 plate with the thickness of 80μm. The other surface of the plate remained in flat without any crack. The conductive epoxy was used as the backing material and parylene was deposited on the front face as the matching layer. From the pulse-echo measurement, the center frequency of the focused transducer was 45MHz and the bandwidth was 63%. The insertion loss was -22dB. The transducer has been used for wire phantom imaging. These promising results proved that it's of great potential to fabricate high frequency broadband focusing ultrasonic transducers based on LiNbO3 single crystal using the mechanical dimpling process.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123254595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243729
D. Howe, A. Hati, C. Nelson, D. Lirette
We measure and analyze effects of nonlinear mixing of phase-noise modulation (PM) and amplitude-noise modulation (AM) in an oscillating signal by real-time correlations measured in the cross power spectral density (CPSD). We outline sensitive measurements of PM-AM correlation coefficients by means of a time-averaged CPSD measurement technique. Separate but simultaneous PM and AM measurements using a two-channel cross-correlation spectrum analyzer, quantifies the relevant effects of intermodulation mixing with excellent sensitivity compared to traditional 3IM measurements and the scatter-plot correlation technique. Time-averaged cross-spectrum measurements provide good estimates of correlation coefficients as a function of Fourier frequency (f). We use normalized PM-AM CPSD measurements of a 645 MHz quartz-MEMs oscillator as an example and find that 1/f PM-AM CPSD is exactly correlated, even for very widely differing levels of PM and AM noise, in which individual PSDs of PM and AM differ by >;40 dB (or, greater than a factor of 10,000). We also verify that white-PM noise has uncorrelated PM-AM CPSD.
{"title":"PM-AM correlation measurements and analysis","authors":"D. Howe, A. Hati, C. Nelson, D. Lirette","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243729","url":null,"abstract":"We measure and analyze effects of nonlinear mixing of phase-noise modulation (PM) and amplitude-noise modulation (AM) in an oscillating signal by real-time correlations measured in the cross power spectral density (CPSD). We outline sensitive measurements of PM-AM correlation coefficients by means of a time-averaged CPSD measurement technique. Separate but simultaneous PM and AM measurements using a two-channel cross-correlation spectrum analyzer, quantifies the relevant effects of intermodulation mixing with excellent sensitivity compared to traditional 3IM measurements and the scatter-plot correlation technique. Time-averaged cross-spectrum measurements provide good estimates of correlation coefficients as a function of Fourier frequency (f). We use normalized PM-AM CPSD measurements of a 645 MHz quartz-MEMs oscillator as an example and find that 1/f PM-AM CPSD is exactly correlated, even for very widely differing levels of PM and AM noise, in which individual PSDs of PM and AM differ by >;40 dB (or, greater than a factor of 10,000). We also verify that white-PM noise has uncorrelated PM-AM CPSD.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123813161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243626
M. Giovannini, S. Yazici, N. Kuo, G. Piazza
This paper reports, for the first time, on the application of apodization techniques to 1 GHz MEMS AlN Contour-Mode Resonators (CMRs [1]) to efficiently suppress spurious modes in close proximity of the main mechanical resonance. This concept has been applied with excellent results to a variety of one port resonators formed by patterned top electrodes made out of Aluminum, and a floating bottom electrode made out of Platinum sandwiching the AlN film. As also predicted by 3D COMSOL simulations, a complete elimination of spurious responses in the admittance plot of these resonators is attained without impacting their quality factor and electromechanical coupling coefficient.
{"title":"Spurious mode suppression via apodization for 1 GHz AlN Contour-Mode Resonators","authors":"M. Giovannini, S. Yazici, N. Kuo, G. Piazza","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243626","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports, for the first time, on the application of apodization techniques to 1 GHz MEMS AlN Contour-Mode Resonators (CMRs [1]) to efficiently suppress spurious modes in close proximity of the main mechanical resonance. This concept has been applied with excellent results to a variety of one port resonators formed by patterned top electrodes made out of Aluminum, and a floating bottom electrode made out of Platinum sandwiching the AlN film. As also predicted by 3D COMSOL simulations, a complete elimination of spurious responses in the admittance plot of these resonators is attained without impacting their quality factor and electromechanical coupling coefficient.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131354780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243677
M. Khanzadi, Ashkan Panahi, Dan Kuylenstierna, Thomas Eriksson
The closed-form autocorrelation function of the phase jitter accumulation process in presence of 1/f3 and 1/f2 shape noises is derived from the single-sideband (SSB) phase noise (PN) measurements. Exploiting the calculated autocorrelation function, a lower bound for the minimum achievable mean square error (MSE) of the PN prediction in a typical single-input single-output communication system is computed. This bound links the performance of a communication system suffering from the PN directly to the SSB PN measurements.
{"title":"A model-based analysis of phase jitter in RF oscillators","authors":"M. Khanzadi, Ashkan Panahi, Dan Kuylenstierna, Thomas Eriksson","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243677","url":null,"abstract":"The closed-form autocorrelation function of the phase jitter accumulation process in presence of 1/f3 and 1/f2 shape noises is derived from the single-sideband (SSB) phase noise (PN) measurements. Exploiting the calculated autocorrelation function, a lower bound for the minimum achievable mean square error (MSE) of the PN prediction in a typical single-input single-output communication system is computed. This bound links the performance of a communication system suffering from the PN directly to the SSB PN measurements.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132771967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243708
V. Thakar, M. Rais-Zadeh, W. Pan, F. Ayazi
In this paper, we present acoustically coupled filters capable of inducing a high-Q notch within the filter passband. The origin of the notch is a result of charge cancellation across the output electrodes, which is a direct consequence of exciting higher order lateral modes with a displacement profile out-of-phase with the primary modes of the filter. We show multiple filters with a passband notch and demonstrate the viability of using top electrode layout to adjust the placement of the notch within the filter passband. A modified equivalent circuit is used to intuitively explain the response of a bandpass filter with an integrated notch. Such filters can have applications as pre-select bandpass filters capable of rejecting in-band interfering signals.
{"title":"Monolithic implementation of AlN-on-silicon bandpass filters with a high-Q notch within the passband","authors":"V. Thakar, M. Rais-Zadeh, W. Pan, F. Ayazi","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243708","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present acoustically coupled filters capable of inducing a high-Q notch within the filter passband. The origin of the notch is a result of charge cancellation across the output electrodes, which is a direct consequence of exciting higher order lateral modes with a displacement profile out-of-phase with the primary modes of the filter. We show multiple filters with a passband notch and demonstrate the viability of using top electrode layout to adjust the placement of the notch within the filter passband. A modified equivalent circuit is used to intuitively explain the response of a bandpass filter with an integrated notch. Such filters can have applications as pre-select bandpass filters capable of rejecting in-band interfering signals.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132873830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243663
Yong Wang, Jianqing Li, Shi Qiu
Southeast University of China began to research small passive hydrogen maser since 2005. In respect of frequency control, in order to control both voltage control crystal oscillator (VCXO) loop and automatic cavity tuning (ACT) loop, the mono frequency modulation method is adopted rather than dual frequency modulation method or timeshare modulation method used widely. The 1.420405GHz microwave signal modulated by a mono frequency square or sine wave is injected into the microwave cavity. After interacting with the hydrogen atoms in the cavity, the amplitude modulation (AM) signal is coupled out and processed to get two different error signals to control VCXO and ACT loop respectively. In this paper, the principle of mono frequency modulation for passive hydrogen maser control is introduced and a digital modulator based on direct digital synthesizer (DDS) and digital signal processor (DSP) is designed to generate error detecting signal, which is the core of the mono frequency modulator to interrogate the error signal of VCXO and ACT for passive hydrogen maser control.
{"title":"The design of mono frequency modulator for passive hydrogen maser control","authors":"Yong Wang, Jianqing Li, Shi Qiu","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243663","url":null,"abstract":"Southeast University of China began to research small passive hydrogen maser since 2005. In respect of frequency control, in order to control both voltage control crystal oscillator (VCXO) loop and automatic cavity tuning (ACT) loop, the mono frequency modulation method is adopted rather than dual frequency modulation method or timeshare modulation method used widely. The 1.420405GHz microwave signal modulated by a mono frequency square or sine wave is injected into the microwave cavity. After interacting with the hydrogen atoms in the cavity, the amplitude modulation (AM) signal is coupled out and processed to get two different error signals to control VCXO and ACT loop respectively. In this paper, the principle of mono frequency modulation for passive hydrogen maser control is introduced and a digital modulator based on direct digital synthesizer (DDS) and digital signal processor (DSP) is designed to generate error detecting signal, which is the core of the mono frequency modulator to interrogate the error signal of VCXO and ACT for passive hydrogen maser control.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"43 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132974655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243593
J. Coffer, M. Huang, James Camparo
Rubidium vapor-cell atomic clocks are the “workhorse” of precise timekeeping for many GNSS missions. As is well known, the alkali rf-discharge lamp in these clocks is not only responsible for producing the atomic clock signal; it also has a significant influence on the clock's output frequency via the light-shift effect. Here, we discuss our discovery of self-pulsing in alkali rf-discharge lamps, which has the potential to periodically vary a Rb clock's signal-to-noise ratio and (via the light-shift effect) the clock's frequency. This self-pulsing is low frequency, on the order of one hertz in our experiments, and is not related to the self-pulsing reported a number of years ago by Robert Shaw, which was near 10 kHz and due to ion-acoustic wave generation in the discharge.
{"title":"Self-pulsing in alkali rf-discharge lamps","authors":"J. Coffer, M. Huang, James Camparo","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243593","url":null,"abstract":"Rubidium vapor-cell atomic clocks are the “workhorse” of precise timekeeping for many GNSS missions. As is well known, the alkali rf-discharge lamp in these clocks is not only responsible for producing the atomic clock signal; it also has a significant influence on the clock's output frequency via the light-shift effect. Here, we discuss our discovery of self-pulsing in alkali rf-discharge lamps, which has the potential to periodically vary a Rb clock's signal-to-noise ratio and (via the light-shift effect) the clock's frequency. This self-pulsing is low frequency, on the order of one hertz in our experiments, and is not related to the self-pulsing reported a number of years ago by Robert Shaw, which was near 10 kHz and due to ion-acoustic wave generation in the discharge.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134608604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2012.6243586
E. Ivanov
This work describes various techniques for generation of pure phase and amplitude modulated signals at microwave frequencies. It presents experimental study of a microwave phase modulator with spurious amplitude modulation of the order of 1 ppm.
{"title":"Microwave sources of pure phase and amplitude-modulated signals","authors":"E. Ivanov","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2012.6243586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2012.6243586","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes various techniques for generation of pure phase and amplitude modulated signals at microwave frequencies. It presents experimental study of a microwave phase modulator with spurious amplitude modulation of the order of 1 ppm.","PeriodicalId":256670,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133813905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：