Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520586
Zhijian Fang, S. Duan, Changsong Chen, X. Chen, Jianxing Zhang
LLC resonant converter has been used widely in DC-DC converters for constant output voltage with high efficiency. However, most of the design methods based on fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA) can't be used for the design of charging converter of Li-Ion batteries as the output voltage of Li-Ion batteries charger is wide. In this paper, an optimal design method for LLC resonant converter has been developed. The objective of this optimal design method is maximizing the magnetizing inductance. The relationship between the operation range and circuit parameters has been revealed based on the frequency response of the converter. Maximum conversion efficiency is achieved under the normal condition by using the maximum magnetizing inductance. A numerical method is developed based on the LLC converter's steady state equations to eliminate the limitation that the FHA method fails to describe voltage gain characteristic more precisely. A 3kW prototype LLC converter with output voltage ranging from 50V to 100V is built according to the proposed optimization method. Simulation results show that the proposed converter can achieve the higher efficiency than the conventional method. Furthermore, the full load efficiency of a 3kW prototype is about 94.5%.
{"title":"Optimal design method for LLC resonant converter with wide range output voltage","authors":"Zhijian Fang, S. Duan, Changsong Chen, X. Chen, Jianxing Zhang","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520586","url":null,"abstract":"LLC resonant converter has been used widely in DC-DC converters for constant output voltage with high efficiency. However, most of the design methods based on fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA) can't be used for the design of charging converter of Li-Ion batteries as the output voltage of Li-Ion batteries charger is wide. In this paper, an optimal design method for LLC resonant converter has been developed. The objective of this optimal design method is maximizing the magnetizing inductance. The relationship between the operation range and circuit parameters has been revealed based on the frequency response of the converter. Maximum conversion efficiency is achieved under the normal condition by using the maximum magnetizing inductance. A numerical method is developed based on the LLC converter's steady state equations to eliminate the limitation that the FHA method fails to describe voltage gain characteristic more precisely. A 3kW prototype LLC converter with output voltage ranging from 50V to 100V is built according to the proposed optimization method. Simulation results show that the proposed converter can achieve the higher efficiency than the conventional method. Furthermore, the full load efficiency of a 3kW prototype is about 94.5%.","PeriodicalId":256756,"journal":{"name":"2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"580 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122766091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520489
Xiaolong Yue, F. Zhuo, Zhenghua Zhang, Hongtao Shi, Xianwen Bao, Zhen Yang
Harmonic impedance measurement is very important in Micro-grid because of the close relationship between impedance and stability. This paper presents a new current injection method for impedance measurement. Sinusoidal amplitude modulation is a method to shift signals to different frequency bands. A signal with large frequency bandwidth and small amplitude attenuation can be obtained by superposing square pulse signals with sinusoidal amplitude modulation. When the superposed signal is injected to the system as a current source, impedance information in the frequency range of interest can be calculated with short time cost and high accuracy. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
{"title":"A new current injection method for impedance measurement using superposed modulated square pulse","authors":"Xiaolong Yue, F. Zhuo, Zhenghua Zhang, Hongtao Shi, Xianwen Bao, Zhen Yang","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520489","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic impedance measurement is very important in Micro-grid because of the close relationship between impedance and stability. This paper presents a new current injection method for impedance measurement. Sinusoidal amplitude modulation is a method to shift signals to different frequency bands. A signal with large frequency bandwidth and small amplitude attenuation can be obtained by superposing square pulse signals with sinusoidal amplitude modulation. When the superposed signal is injected to the system as a current source, impedance information in the frequency range of interest can be calculated with short time cost and high accuracy. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.","PeriodicalId":256756,"journal":{"name":"2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122929018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520668
X. Fonteneau, F. Morel, C. Buttay, H. Morel, P. Lahaye
Predicting static losses in switches is an essential step to design a converter. This document details the methodology of a method to calculate static losses in an inverter leg built with SiC Normally-Off JFETs and diodes. Different parameters such as the temperature, the load current and the modulation ratio... are taken into account. As the JFETs can be used in reverse conduction, two strategies (using or not this capability) are described and compared. The devices are characterized and modelled, then analytical calculations are used to compute the static losses in each component. As the behaviour of the components depends on the temperature, an iterative program is used to determine the steady-state temperature of the junctions and the static losses. A good agreement is demonstrated between measurements and the proposed model with a constant current. The proposed method is applied to a three phase inverter to evaluate the benefit of using SiC devices instead of a Si power module.
{"title":"Predicting static losses in an inverter-leg built with SiC normally-off JFETs and SiC diodes","authors":"X. Fonteneau, F. Morel, C. Buttay, H. Morel, P. Lahaye","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520668","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting static losses in switches is an essential step to design a converter. This document details the methodology of a method to calculate static losses in an inverter leg built with SiC Normally-Off JFETs and diodes. Different parameters such as the temperature, the load current and the modulation ratio... are taken into account. As the JFETs can be used in reverse conduction, two strategies (using or not this capability) are described and compared. The devices are characterized and modelled, then analytical calculations are used to compute the static losses in each component. As the behaviour of the components depends on the temperature, an iterative program is used to determine the steady-state temperature of the junctions and the static losses. A good agreement is demonstrated between measurements and the proposed model with a constant current. The proposed method is applied to a three phase inverter to evaluate the benefit of using SiC devices instead of a Si power module.","PeriodicalId":256756,"journal":{"name":"2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122958259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520288
Yushan Liu, B. Ge, H. Abu-Rub, F. Peng
A quasi-Z-source cascade multilevel inverter (qZSCMLI) based photovoltaic (PV) power system yields high-quality output voltage with power switching at low frequency similar to traditional cascade multilevel inverter (CMLI), and boosts PV panel voltages by quasi-Z-source shoot-through duty ratio control. A two-level space vector modulation (SVM) based multilevel SVM for qZS-CMLI is presented to independently control the shoot-through duty ratio of respective H-bridge inverter (HBI) cells, with the aim to compensate the unequal voltages of separate PV modules. Moreover, it can be modularly extended to any cascaded levels. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validness of the proposed scheme.
{"title":"A modular multilevel space vector modulation for photovoltaic quasi-Z-source cascade multilevel inverter","authors":"Yushan Liu, B. Ge, H. Abu-Rub, F. Peng","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520288","url":null,"abstract":"A quasi-Z-source cascade multilevel inverter (qZSCMLI) based photovoltaic (PV) power system yields high-quality output voltage with power switching at low frequency similar to traditional cascade multilevel inverter (CMLI), and boosts PV panel voltages by quasi-Z-source shoot-through duty ratio control. A two-level space vector modulation (SVM) based multilevel SVM for qZS-CMLI is presented to independently control the shoot-through duty ratio of respective H-bridge inverter (HBI) cells, with the aim to compensate the unequal voltages of separate PV modules. Moreover, it can be modularly extended to any cascaded levels. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validness of the proposed scheme.","PeriodicalId":256756,"journal":{"name":"2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131753103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520707
P. Praça, G. Henn, D. Oliveira, L. Barreto, R. N. A. L. Silva
This paper presents a high voltage gain single stage DC-DC converter based on the three-state commutation cell. The presented converter operates with soft-switching ZVS mode for all switches. The operation principle, project specifications, and experimental results from a 500W prototype are presented in order to validate the proposed structure. The results show de soft switch commutation, reduced stress and high efficiency (over 94%).
{"title":"High voltage gain single stage DC-DC converter based on three-state commutation cell","authors":"P. Praça, G. Henn, D. Oliveira, L. Barreto, R. N. A. L. Silva","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520707","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a high voltage gain single stage DC-DC converter based on the three-state commutation cell. The presented converter operates with soft-switching ZVS mode for all switches. The operation principle, project specifications, and experimental results from a 500W prototype are presented in order to validate the proposed structure. The results show de soft switch commutation, reduced stress and high efficiency (over 94%).","PeriodicalId":256756,"journal":{"name":"2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133571841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520714
Huai Wang, Yongheng Yang, F. Blaabjerg
While 99% efficiency has been reported, the target of 20 years of service time imposes new challenge to cost-effective solutions for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are the weak-link in terms of reliability and lifetime in single-phase PV systems. A reliability-oriented design guideline is proposed in this paper for the input capacitors in single-phase transformer-less PV inverters. The guideline ensures that the service time requirement is to be accomplished under different power levels and ambient temperature profiles. The theoretical analysis has been demonstrated by a 1 kW single-phase PV inverter.
{"title":"Reliability-oriented design and analysis of input capacitors in single-phase transformer-less photovoltaic inverters","authors":"Huai Wang, Yongheng Yang, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520714","url":null,"abstract":"While 99% efficiency has been reported, the target of 20 years of service time imposes new challenge to cost-effective solutions for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are the weak-link in terms of reliability and lifetime in single-phase PV systems. A reliability-oriented design guideline is proposed in this paper for the input capacitors in single-phase transformer-less PV inverters. The guideline ensures that the service time requirement is to be accomplished under different power levels and ambient temperature profiles. The theoretical analysis has been demonstrated by a 1 kW single-phase PV inverter.","PeriodicalId":256756,"journal":{"name":"2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133123076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520440
S. Dutta, S. Roy, S. Bhattacharya
The following paper details out a converter topology which can act as an accumulator of power from different renewable energy sources (RES). Due to the intermittent nature of power availability from RES the DC buses are assumed unregulated. The proposed topology decouples individual voltage sources and reduces unwanted circulation of reactive power between the busses due to mismatch in voltage levels, and at the same time accumulates the power and produces a regulated DC output. The magnetic design of the transformer core has been shown and the topology has been verified with hardware experimental results.
{"title":"A multi-terminal DC to DC converter topology with power accumulation from renewable energy sources with unregulated DC voltages","authors":"S. Dutta, S. Roy, S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520440","url":null,"abstract":"The following paper details out a converter topology which can act as an accumulator of power from different renewable energy sources (RES). Due to the intermittent nature of power availability from RES the DC buses are assumed unregulated. The proposed topology decouples individual voltage sources and reduces unwanted circulation of reactive power between the busses due to mismatch in voltage levels, and at the same time accumulates the power and produces a regulated DC output. The magnetic design of the transformer core has been shown and the topology has been verified with hardware experimental results.","PeriodicalId":256756,"journal":{"name":"2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133246057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520263
Ruiyun Fu, A. Grekov, Kang Peng, E. Santi
A detailed parameter extraction procedure for a simple physics-based power SiC Schottky diode model is presented. The developed procedure includes the extraction of doping concentration, active area and thickness of drift region, which are needed in the power Schottky diode model. The main advantage is that the developed procedure does not require any knowledge of device fabrication, which is usually not available to circuit designers. The only measurements required for the parameter extraction are a simple static I-V characterization and C-V measurements. Furthermore, the physics-based SiC Schottky diode model whose parameters are extracted by the proposed procedure includes temperature dependencies and is generally applicable to SiC Schottky diodes. The procedure is demonstrated for four Schottky diodes from two different manufacturers having the following ratings: 600V/50A, 1.2kV/3A, 1.2kV/7A, and 1.2kV/20A.
{"title":"Parameter extraction procedure for a physics-based power SiC Schottky diode model","authors":"Ruiyun Fu, A. Grekov, Kang Peng, E. Santi","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520263","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed parameter extraction procedure for a simple physics-based power SiC Schottky diode model is presented. The developed procedure includes the extraction of doping concentration, active area and thickness of drift region, which are needed in the power Schottky diode model. The main advantage is that the developed procedure does not require any knowledge of device fabrication, which is usually not available to circuit designers. The only measurements required for the parameter extraction are a simple static I-V characterization and C-V measurements. Furthermore, the physics-based SiC Schottky diode model whose parameters are extracted by the proposed procedure includes temperature dependencies and is generally applicable to SiC Schottky diodes. The procedure is demonstrated for four Schottky diodes from two different manufacturers having the following ratings: 600V/50A, 1.2kV/3A, 1.2kV/7A, and 1.2kV/20A.","PeriodicalId":256756,"journal":{"name":"2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133262485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520711
Changsheng Hu, Lin Chen, Qian Zhang, J. Shen, A. Amirahmadi, I. Bartaseth, Dehong Xu
In order to raise the stability and output currents performance of PV micro-inverter, a current dual-loop control was proposed for RPI with LCL filter. A new peak currents control strategy is proposed as current inner-loop control by selecting suitable control envelope curve in the paper. This peak currents control strategy can simplify the design of the three phases LCL filter and improve the close loop control stably by narrowing the range of RPI switching frequency without any auxiliary circuit. The outer loop control improves the RPI output current performance. A prototype for 400W Micro-inverter is built, simulation and experimental results is reported.
{"title":"Current dual-loop control for RPI with LCL filter in Micro-inverter","authors":"Changsheng Hu, Lin Chen, Qian Zhang, J. Shen, A. Amirahmadi, I. Bartaseth, Dehong Xu","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520711","url":null,"abstract":"In order to raise the stability and output currents performance of PV micro-inverter, a current dual-loop control was proposed for RPI with LCL filter. A new peak currents control strategy is proposed as current inner-loop control by selecting suitable control envelope curve in the paper. This peak currents control strategy can simplify the design of the three phases LCL filter and improve the close loop control stably by narrowing the range of RPI switching frequency without any auxiliary circuit. The outer loop control improves the RPI output current performance. A prototype for 400W Micro-inverter is built, simulation and experimental results is reported.","PeriodicalId":256756,"journal":{"name":"2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133478935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-17DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2013.6520448
M. Salehifar, R. Salehi Arashloo, M. Moreno-Eguilaz, V. Sala, L. Romeral
In this paper a five phase fault tolerant converter is proposed for permanent magnet (PM) drives. The proposed configuration is an extension of conventional three phase double switch redundant topologies. In contrast to three phase systems, the proposed configuration has more flexibility and reliability regarding simultaneous faults in more than one phase. Different faulty cases are explained. Optimal reconfiguration strategies are derived under several faulty conditions. Design criteria are defined and a comparative loss analysis is conducted on converter behavior under various conditions. Simulation results are included to validate the theory.
{"title":"Fault tolerant operation of a five phase converter for PMSM drives","authors":"M. Salehifar, R. Salehi Arashloo, M. Moreno-Eguilaz, V. Sala, L. Romeral","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2013.6520448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2013.6520448","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a five phase fault tolerant converter is proposed for permanent magnet (PM) drives. The proposed configuration is an extension of conventional three phase double switch redundant topologies. In contrast to three phase systems, the proposed configuration has more flexibility and reliability regarding simultaneous faults in more than one phase. Different faulty cases are explained. Optimal reconfiguration strategies are derived under several faulty conditions. Design criteria are defined and a comparative loss analysis is conducted on converter behavior under various conditions. Simulation results are included to validate the theory.","PeriodicalId":256756,"journal":{"name":"2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131875791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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