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1985 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility最新文献

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Statistical Correlation Between Field Strengths at an Open Area Site and in an Absorber-Lined Chamber 开阔地场强与内衬吸波器室场强的统计相关性
Pub Date : 1985-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7567009
L. Farber
In determ ining com pliance with the radiated em ission limits for com puting devices in Part 15 subpart J o f the FCC rules, a site other than an open area test site may be used if the results obtained at the alternative site are correlatable to open area test site results. This docum ent describes a statistical procedure for calculating the relationship betw een field strength m easurem ents perform ed in an absorber-lined shielded enclosure and those m ade at an open area test site. T he rationale for using a statistical approach is g iven.
在确定是否符合FCC规则第15部分Part J o中计算设备的辐射发射限值时,如果在替代站点获得的结果与开放区域测试站点的结果相关,则可以使用开放区域测试站点以外的站点。本文档描述了一个统计程序,用于计算在有吸收层的屏蔽外壳中进行的场强测量与在开放区域测试场所进行的场强测量之间的关系。给出了使用统计方法的基本原理。
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引用次数: 3
Stable Compensation of Nonlinear Communication Systems 非线性通信系统的稳定补偿
Pub Date : 1985-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7566973
V. Jain, T. McClellan, D. Kenneally
Stable compensation of intermodulation effects is crucial for high throughput communication systems 3 such as those typified by C I communication systems. In this paper a versatile technique for compensation of broadband intermodulation effects is presented. Clever parametrization of the block transfer functions guarantees the stability of the complete compensator over the entire parameter space. Examples in the paper demonstrate both the simplicity and the high degree of effectiveness achievable through this new methodology. 1 . INTRODUCTION Modern avionic communication systems are enormously complex, often involving multiple transmitters and receivers. Extreme care is needed not only in the design of the individual transmitter-receiver link, but also in the minimization of electromagnetic cross-couplings between the multiple paths. Failing this, collocated transmitters can cause in-band interference and on the other hand, the channel nonlinearities can cause out-of-band intermodulation interference. In such channels many sources for nonlinear distortion may exist, from nonlinear discrete devices in amplifiers to the distributed metal-tometal oxide junctions in aircraft skins, antenna structures, etc. The susceptibility to interference in these systems can be especially pronounced when transmitter-receiver pairs are located on an electronically dense command platform in a profusion of collocated RF emitters and receptors. For example, when multiple carriers are amplified simultaneously by one transmitter, Intermodulation (IM) products are generated due to the nonlinearities in the power amplifier (TWT or Klystron). Similarly, a strong (locally) transmitted signal leaking into a receptor can, when it is processed simultaneously with a weak but desired received carrier in a nonlinear element, produce degrading intermodulation effects in the receptors. Reduction of the intermodulation effects, when these are otherwise unavoidable, is possible through suitable post compensation as demonstrated in this paper. This work was done under Research Contract No. F30602-82-C-0135 from Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base. D. J. Kenneally Reliability & Compat. Div. Rome Air Development Center Griffiss Air Force Base NY 13441-5700 A new design approach to reduce the effects of nonlinear distortion in communication channels is developed here. Using the known (linear and nonlinear) characteristics of the channel, and an appropriately selected post-compensator structure, optimum parameter values are found for the compensator. The resulting design achieves a significant reduction of nonlinear effects [1]. It features: 0 reduction of intermodulation distortion by 15 to 50 dB 0 guaranteed stability of the compensation network, and 0 a minimum specified damping ratio (of the transfer functions of the linear blocks of the compensator). Thus, not only does the procedure result in a reduction of the intermodulation distortion but it also produces a compe
互调效应的稳定补偿对于高吞吐量通信系统(如以ci通信系统为代表的通信系统)是至关重要的。本文提出了一种宽频互调效应补偿的通用技术。块传递函数的巧妙参数化保证了整个补偿器在整个参数空间上的稳定性。文中的实例表明,该方法既简单又有效。1 . 现代航空电子通信系统非常复杂,通常涉及多个发射机和接收机。不仅在设计单个收发链路时需要特别注意,而且在最小化多个路径之间的电磁交叉耦合时也需要特别注意。如果不能做到这一点,并置的发射机可能会造成带内干扰,另一方面,信道非线性可能会造成带外互调干扰。在这样的通道中,可能存在许多非线性失真源,从放大器中的非线性离散器件到飞机蒙皮、天线结构等中的分布式金属-金属氧化物结。当发射器-接收器对位于电子密集的指挥平台上,在大量配置的射频发射器和接收器中,这些系统对干扰的敏感性尤其明显。例如,当多个载波被一个发射机同时放大时,由于功率放大器(行波管或速调管)的非线性会产生互调(IM)产物。类似地,泄漏到受体中的强(局部)传输信号,当它与非线性元件中的弱但期望的接收载波同时处理时,会在受体中产生降解互调效应。减少互调效应,当这些是不可避免的,是可能的,通过适当的后补偿,如本文所示。这项工作是根据研究合同号:格里菲斯空军基地罗马空军发展中心F30602-82-C-0135。d.j.肯尼迪可靠性与公司。在这里开发了一种新的设计方法来减少通信信道中非线性失真的影响。利用已知的通道(线性和非线性)特性,并适当选择后补偿器结构,找到补偿器的最佳参数值。最终的设计实现了非线性效应[1]的显著减少。它的特点是:将互调失真降低15到50 dB;保证补偿网络的稳定性;最小指定阻尼比(补偿器线性块的传递函数)。因此,该过程不仅减少了互调失真,而且还产生了在时域表现良好的补偿器。由此实现的非线性失真的减少量当然是不可能通过传统的特设方法[6]。我们的后置补偿器设计是基于Volterra系统理论。我们为感兴趣的频段制定了均方IM准则,并使用计算机程序VC0MP3[5]计算并最小化该准则函数相对于补偿器参数。该程序可得到最佳补偿器参数。通过使用功能强大的优化包NL2SN0[7],实现了最小化过程中的高可靠性。块传递函数的创新参数化保证了整个补偿器在整个参数空间上的稳定性,因此,特别是对于最优值。此外,宽带补偿成为可能。这里讨论的设计过程是基于计算机的,虽然基本思想是足够普遍的,但详细介绍了设计三阶非线性后补偿器(固定结构)的方法。我们假设系统非线性是奇阶的;因此,只考虑三阶非线性的影响,假设高阶效应可以忽略不计。文中给出的实例表明,通过这种新方法既简单又能实现高度的抑制效果。由于系统中无意的非线性,大多数通信信道表现出一定程度的性能下降。显然,仅用线性方法无法分析和纠正产生的不可避免的非线性失真,因为它们无法捕获所有涉及的现象。
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引用次数: 0
Statistical Modeling of Impulsive Interference to Communications Systems 通信系统脉冲干扰的统计建模
Pub Date : 1985-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7566960
Shaw-Yueh Lin, R. M. Showers
Using the filtered Poisson impulse model and taking into account (1) the spatial distribution of disturbance sources, (2) variation of pulse amplitude at the source, (3) propagation, and (4) the front-end filtering, we have been able to derive new Ist-order statistics for narrow-band impulsive disturbances, which are applicable to a wide class of physical phenomena and are shown to correspond to empirical data accurately in many cases.
利用滤波后的泊松脉冲模型,并考虑到(1)干扰源的空间分布,(2)源处脉冲幅度的变化,(3)传播,(4)前端滤波,我们已经能够推导出窄带脉冲扰动的新的Ist-order统计量,它适用于广泛的物理现象,并在许多情况下与经验数据准确对应。
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引用次数: 0
Minimization of Radiation from a System of Interconnected Computer Equipment Inside an Anechoic Chamber 消声室内互联计算机设备系统辐射的最小化
Pub Date : 1985-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7566933
M. Costa, I. Chih-Lin
T he problem of electrom agnetic rad iation and scattering from a perfectly conducting system of arb itrarily-shaped intercon­ nected com puter equipm ent is considered. The method of mo­ m ents is used to solve the frequency dom ain electric field integral equation (EFIE). Two electrom agnetic interference E M I C A D tools are presented for the analysis of c o u p l in g and c ro s s ta lk th rough arrays of arb itrarily shaped apertures in such a sys­ tem . T he system , placed in an anechoic cham ber, is excited by in ternal sources produced by arb itrary P C boards circuitry. Two cases are discussed: a free-space case and a half-space case. For the la tte r, th e presence of an infinite perfectly conducting ground plane, which models the effect of the anechoic cham ber, is incorporated in the formulation. In bo th instances, the bod­ ies are modeled by the sam e planar tr iangular patches and the wires by the sam e series of straight-w ire segments. For the free space case we use free space vector functions. For the half space case, a new set of vector functions are introduced to account for the presence of the ground plane, yet keeping the same num ber of unknowns as if the system were in free space. Body expan­ sion functions are used on the bodies surfaces, wire expansion functions a t the wires and each of the body-wire junctions there is one junc tion expansion function. One program calculates the electric fields in s id e the system and the leaking fields a t the arrays of apertures. The o ther com putes the electric fields ra ­ d ia ted to the o u ts id e environm ent. The coupling of the inside solution w ith the outside one effectively dictates w hat the op­ tim um configuration and shape of the array of apertures ought to be to m in im iz e rad ia tion to the outside environment. IN T R O D U C T IO N C om puter an d o ther electronic equipm ent is, in general, con­ ta ined in conducting cabinets which have apertures for inputo u tp u t connections and cooling purposes. It is desirable to keep electrom agnetic transm ission through these holes as sm all as possible or a t least small enough to meet the FCC requirem ents. To investigate th e effect of such apertures, m easurem ents are m ade either a t open field test sites or in anechoic cham bers w here th e system s are placed on a ground plane. T he work in th is paper deals prim arily w ith the modeling of such systems to eventually come up w ith a general purpose electromagnetic CAD tool. For electronic equipm ent modeling purposes, a coax­ ial cable a ttached to a com puter box can be viewed as a wire m ounted and possibly driven against a conducting body. T here­ fore, the body plus the wire may be regarded as a rad ia to r of electrom agnetic fields produced by the current flowing on the surface of the composite system. A similar point of view holds if a system of several bodies interconnected by wires is consid­ ered. We view the system as a rad ia to r if the sources are
研究了由异形互连计算机设备组成的完美导电系统的电磁辐射和散射问题。采用矩量法求解频域电场积分方程(EFIE)。本文提出了两种电磁干扰分析工具,用于分析在这种系统中任意形状的孔的粗糙阵列中的C - o - o - p和C - o - s。该系统放置在消声室中,由任意pc板电路产生的外部源激发。讨论了两种情况:自由空间情况和半空间情况。对于小r,存在一个无限完美导电地平面,它模拟消声室的影响,被纳入公式。在这两种情况下,身体是由相同的平面三角形补丁和电线是由相同的系列直线线段。对于自由空间的情况,我们使用自由空间向量函数。对于半空间的情况,引入了一组新的矢量函数来解释地平面的存在,同时保持系统在自由空间中的相同数量的未知数。体的膨胀函数用在体的表面,导线的膨胀函数用在导线上,每一个体-导线的连接处都有一个连接处的膨胀函数。其中一个程序计算了系统内部的电场和孔阵列上的泄漏场。另一个计算电场的大小,并将其与周围的环境联系起来。内部溶液w与外部溶液w的耦合有效地决定了在入射到外部环境时,孔径阵列的最佳配置和形状应该是什么。一般来说,计算机和其他电子设备都装在导电柜中,这些导电柜中有用于输入、连接和冷却的孔。希望通过这些孔保持电磁传输尽可能小,或者至少足够小,以满足FCC的要求。为了研究这种孔径的影响,可以在开放的现场试验场或将系统放置在地平面上的消声室中进行测量。本文的工作主要是处理这些系统的建模,最终提出一个通用的电磁CAD工具。为了电子设备建模的目的,连接在计算机盒上的同轴电缆可以看作是安装在导电体上的导线。这里的T,因此,物体加上导线可以看作是由流过复合系统表面的电流所产生的电磁场的半径到r。如果考虑由电线连接的若干物体组成的系统,也会有类似的观点。如果源在系统上,我们把系统看作是一个到r的通道;相反,如果源是来自系统的d = t,我们把它看作是一个散射体。因此,通过在一个非均匀压场中分析系统,我们有效地考虑了这两种情况[1],之前的研究人员从a albertsen等人开始研究了线与表面的连接问题[2],他们分析了垂直于由四边形补丁模拟的表面的sm光滑部分的线。它们的形式是一种混合形式,即导线采用E - FIE形式,封闭表面采用m - FIE磁场积分方程。之后,Glisson[3]单独使用E - FIE形式公式将a - t与任意方向的导线a连接在p - t的平坦部分(但不靠近边缘或弯曲处),或直接位于p - t的弯曲处(但不靠近p - t的边缘或顶点)。Newm an和Pozar[4]使用类似的程序处理了同样的问题,并且该模拟最近已扩展到处理连接到金属线或靠近刀口[5]或靠近顶点或弯曲处[6]的金属线。然而,ir过程排除了连接到双曲面或顶点的导线。最近,Shaeffer和medgyesimitschang[7,8]已经处理了附着在旋转体上的导线问题(b.o R ' s)。然而,上述程序不适用于安装在表面w上的导线m,表面w具有边缘,楔形或二维或三维顶点在其连接区域。除[7,8]外,上述步骤也不适用于弯曲的结点区域。这是因为ir方法需要事先知道附点附近的电流t的形式[9,10],因为对于一端附着在正则曲面的连接点上的丝状电流源w,存在其产生的电流t的解析解。
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引用次数: 0
Measured Response of a Metallic Cylinder with Trailing Wire to Broadside Electromagnetic Fields 带拖丝金属圆柱体对侧舷电磁场响应的实测研究
Pub Date : 1985-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7566912
T. Passin
This paper presents surface current data measured on cylinders exposed to unipolar electromagnetic fields. The fields were incident perpendicular to the axis of the cylinders. The paper also presents data measured when a long wire was attached to a cylinder, simulating a trailing wire antenna. Changes in the attachment point of the wire only caused small changes in the current except when the wire was attached close to the sensor.
本文介绍了暴露在单极电磁场下的圆柱体表面电流的测量数据。这些场垂直于圆柱体的轴线入射。本文还介绍了将一根长导线连接到圆柱体上,模拟拖丝天线时的测量数据。导线附着点的变化只会引起电流的微小变化,除非导线靠近传感器。
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引用次数: 0
Computer Modeling the Effects of Oscilloscope Bandwidth on ESD Waveforms, Including Arc Oscillations 计算机模拟示波器带宽对ESD波形的影响,包括电弧振荡
Pub Date : 1985-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7566947
P. Richman
It has recently been recognized that capaci­ tance of the hand and forearm to free space can cause a potentially damaging, 1 to < ns Initial spike, with
最近已经认识到,在ESD电流放电波形中,手和前臂的自由空间电容可能导致潜在的破坏性,1到< ns的初始尖峰,上升时间
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引用次数: 9
Transient Shielding of Conducting Screens 导电屏的瞬态屏蔽
Pub Date : 1985-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7566916
M. Ehrich, G. Mrozynski
In the literature the magnetic shielding effect of a screen has been u s u a l ­ ly treated in a simplified manner. In this paper, however, we show that the problem is more complicated. The object of investiga­ tion consists of a perturbing and a pertur­ bed line, both separated by a conducting screen, where the perturbing line carries an impressed current while the perturbed line is used to connect a load with a source of impressed voltage. The eddy currents in­ duced by the two lines in the screen as well as in the perturbed line depend on the load and on the geometry of the shielding system. For the description of the transient shield­ ing problem we use an integral equation, where the domain of integration extends over the cross-sections of the screen and of the perturbed line. The investigation of the system's shielding properties requires a solution to the eigenvalue problem of the integral equation which leads to a non-line­ ar matrix eigenvalue problem. In the case of alternating currents we replace the shielding system by an equivalent network model having frequency-dependent components. The paper contains the derivation of the general theory. Its results can be directly applied to the. treatment of special screens.
文献中对筛网的磁屏蔽效应进行了简单的分析。然而,在本文中,我们表明这个问题要复杂得多。研究的对象包括一条摄动线和一条摄动床线,两者由导电屏隔开,其中摄动线携带外加电流,而摄动线用于连接负载和外加电压源。屏内两条线以及扰动线所产生的涡流取决于负载和屏蔽系统的几何形状。对于瞬态屏蔽问题的描述,我们使用积分方程,其中积分域扩展到屏蔽和扰动线的横截面上。研究系统的屏蔽特性需要求解积分方程的特征值问题,从而得到非线性ar矩阵的特征值问题。在交流电的情况下,我们用具有频率相关分量的等效网络模型代替屏蔽系统。本文包含了一般理论的推导。其结果可直接应用于。特殊屏幕的处理。
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引用次数: 1
Appendix: A Technique for Determining Safe Separation Distances for Personnel and Electronic Equipment in the Near-Field of Short Dipole Antennas A Graphical Method - Its Development and Use: Appendix: Mathematical Development of Near-Field Distance Nomograms 附录:一种确定短偶极天线近场人员与电子设备安全分离距离的技术——图解法的发展与应用;附录:近场距离图的数学发展
Pub Date : 1985-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7566925
Cleveland F. Watkins
The equivalent plane-wave power density in the near-field can be expressed in terms of the power density as determined by the far-field equation and the relative slopes of the NF curves and the FF curve from their respective points of intersection. For the NF1 and the FF curve, that intersection is chosen to occur at one (1) wavelength — the basic reference point for these analyses. Accordingly, and using log notation:
近场等效平面波功率密度可以用远场方程和NF曲线与FF曲线在各自交点处的相对斜率确定的功率密度来表示。对于NF1和FF曲线,选择该交点发生在一(1)个波长——这些分析的基本参考点。因此,使用对数符号:
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引用次数: 0
EMI Noise Susceptibility of ESD Protect Buffers in Selected MOS Devices 选定MOS器件中ESD保护缓冲器的电磁干扰噪声敏感性
Pub Date : 1985-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7566949
D. Kenneally, Gary Head, S. C. Anderson
This paper presents the results of an effort to determine the changes in the EMI noise susceptibility of selected MOS integrated circuits due to the presence of Electrostatic Discharge protection networks integral to the host chip. The approach taken combines laboratory measurements with computer aided circuit simulations. EMI noise stimuli are laboratory generated and applied as Continuous Wave (CW), AM CW, and impulse waveforms, in the frequency range from 3 to 300 MHz. These extraneous noise signals (EMI) are capacitively coupled into MSI and LSI CMOS and NM0S devices under test, while appropriate functional signals are applied. Our results indicated that select input protect circuitry diminishes the effect of pulsed EMI with a fast rise time and an exponentially decaying fall time. However, the protect circuitry appears in some cases to enhance the effect of 100% square wave modulated EMI from 20 MHz to 200 MHz.
本文介绍了一项努力的结果,以确定所选MOS集成电路的电磁干扰噪声敏感性的变化,这是由于在主芯片上集成了静电放电保护网络。所采取的方法将实验室测量与计算机辅助电路模拟相结合。EMI噪声刺激是在实验室产生的,并以连续波(CW)、调幅连续波和脉冲波形的形式应用,频率范围从3到300 MHz。这些外来噪声信号(EMI)被电容耦合到MSI和LSI CMOS和NM0S器件中,同时应用适当的功能信号。我们的研究结果表明,选择输入保护电路以快速的上升时间和指数衰减的下降时间减少脉冲电磁干扰的影响。然而,保护电路在某些情况下出现,以提高100%方波调制EMI从20 MHz到200 MHz的效果。
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引用次数: 13
Far-Field Amplitude Estimation of General Electromagnetic Radiators from Close-Field Measurements 基于近场测量的通用电磁辐射器远场振幅估计
Pub Date : 1985-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7566966
M. Terrien
The m o d e l l i n g of radiation from e l e c ­ tronic equipment is investigated. Several radiation mechanisms for conductive enclosures are identified, physically model led and empir­ ically characterized from far-field (10 m) measurements. This information is used to generate computer models that relate closefield to far-field radiation. Comparisons between measured far-field amplitude data and computer-modelled field estimations generated from measured c l o s e-field data are shown for various sources. Finally, measurement errors are discussed.
本文研究了电子设备的辐射对人体的影响。确定了导电外壳的几种辐射机制,物理模型led和远场(10米)测量的经验特征。这些信息被用来生成有关近场和远场辐射的计算机模型。对不同来源的远场振幅数据与计算机模拟的远场振幅数据进行了比较。最后讨论了测量误差。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
1985 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility
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