Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275667
A. Al-Awami, E. Sortomme, M. El-Sharkawi
In this paper, the economic/environmental dispatch for a smart grid with wind and thermal units is formulated. The formulation takes into account the stochastic nature of wind power output and the imbalance charges due to the mismatch between the actual and scheduled wind power outputs. Because minimizing the operating cost of thermal and wind units, and minimizing the emissions of thermal units are two conflicting objectives, multi-objective optimization (MOO) technique is used. With MOO, a set of solutions that are optimal in the Pareto sense is identified. An enhanced multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MO-PSO) is proposed to search for the set of Pareto-optimal solutions. The effect of different system conditions on the Pareto-optimal solutions is investigated. These system conditions include load level and different imbalance cost coefficients. Test results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique in identifying the set of Pareto optimal solutions. This technique is an important tool that system operators require in order to operate the grid with high penetration of wind power more efficiently while maintaining emissions within restricted limits.
{"title":"Optimizing economic/environmental dispatch with wind and thermal units","authors":"A. Al-Awami, E. Sortomme, M. El-Sharkawi","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275667","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the economic/environmental dispatch for a smart grid with wind and thermal units is formulated. The formulation takes into account the stochastic nature of wind power output and the imbalance charges due to the mismatch between the actual and scheduled wind power outputs. Because minimizing the operating cost of thermal and wind units, and minimizing the emissions of thermal units are two conflicting objectives, multi-objective optimization (MOO) technique is used. With MOO, a set of solutions that are optimal in the Pareto sense is identified. An enhanced multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MO-PSO) is proposed to search for the set of Pareto-optimal solutions. The effect of different system conditions on the Pareto-optimal solutions is investigated. These system conditions include load level and different imbalance cost coefficients. Test results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique in identifying the set of Pareto optimal solutions. This technique is an important tool that system operators require in order to operate the grid with high penetration of wind power more efficiently while maintaining emissions within restricted limits.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126426246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275349
Shalini Sushmitha Komaragiri, S. Mahajan
A relatively new technique of differential global positioning system (DGPS) has potential to measure sag on an overhead transmission line conductor. The technique relies on the information received from GPS satellites and carrier based receivers so that sag can be measured to an accuracy of approximately 1″. However, the overall cost of the carrier based system is extremely high. An alternative method based on using a cluster of cheap GPS receivers was explored for the first time in this paper. A single code based GPS receiver is considerably inaccurate to the extent that it is almost unusable for a vertical measurement such as sag. This paper describes two different approaches to improve the accuracy of data from a cluster of cheap GPS receivers so that they can be used for sag measurements. Kalman filter and bad data rejection techniques were adapted to reduce vertical error in measurement of sag. An error of ±4.5 m in the raw data was reduced to ±0.45 m after using Kalman filter and to ±0.37 m after using the bad data rejection techniques. Details of these techniques in the context of potential application for sag measurement are described in the paper.
{"title":"A sag monitoring device based on a cluster of code based GPS receivers","authors":"Shalini Sushmitha Komaragiri, S. Mahajan","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275349","url":null,"abstract":"A relatively new technique of differential global positioning system (DGPS) has potential to measure sag on an overhead transmission line conductor. The technique relies on the information received from GPS satellites and carrier based receivers so that sag can be measured to an accuracy of approximately 1″. However, the overall cost of the carrier based system is extremely high. An alternative method based on using a cluster of cheap GPS receivers was explored for the first time in this paper. A single code based GPS receiver is considerably inaccurate to the extent that it is almost unusable for a vertical measurement such as sag. This paper describes two different approaches to improve the accuracy of data from a cluster of cheap GPS receivers so that they can be used for sag measurements. Kalman filter and bad data rejection techniques were adapted to reduce vertical error in measurement of sag. An error of ±4.5 m in the raw data was reduced to ±0.45 m after using Kalman filter and to ±0.37 m after using the bad data rejection techniques. Details of these techniques in the context of potential application for sag measurement are described in the paper.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126556774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275344
S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, H. Shateri
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), one of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on a double circuit transmission line. The presence of UPFC on a line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying point. The measured impedance itself depends on the power system structural conditions, pre-fault loading, and especially the ground fault resistance. In the presence of UPFC, its structural and controlling parameters as well as its installation location affect the measured impedance. The measured impedance at relaying point is evaluated due to the concerning parameters.
{"title":"Effects of UPFC on measured impedance by distance relay in double-circuit lines","authors":"S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, H. Shateri","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275344","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), one of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on a double circuit transmission line. The presence of UPFC on a line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying point. The measured impedance itself depends on the power system structural conditions, pre-fault loading, and especially the ground fault resistance. In the presence of UPFC, its structural and controlling parameters as well as its installation location affect the measured impedance. The measured impedance at relaying point is evaluated due to the concerning parameters.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128065726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275434
Tao Xia, R. Gardner, Yilu Liu
A great deal of research has been done on the monitoring and analysis of power system events using wide-area frequency measurements. However, the events that have been explored so far mainly fall into the sphere of electrical disturbances of the power system itself, which include generation trips, load shedding, line trips, etc. Scarcely has the research touched upon how societal events, such as national sports coverage, impact the power system frequency. This paper first briefly introduces a wide area frequency monitoring network (FNET) and its ability in detecting and reporting power system disturbances. Subsequently, the frequency plots and relevant analysis during Super Bowl XLII are presented as an example of the impact of the societal event on the power system frequency. The observations show there is a certain correlation between a nation wide societal event and the eventfulness of the power system frequency during the time, which is believed to bring up a new subject with regard to the power system frequency behavior.
{"title":"FNET observations on the impact of super bowl xlii on the power grid frequency","authors":"Tao Xia, R. Gardner, Yilu Liu","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275434","url":null,"abstract":"A great deal of research has been done on the monitoring and analysis of power system events using wide-area frequency measurements. However, the events that have been explored so far mainly fall into the sphere of electrical disturbances of the power system itself, which include generation trips, load shedding, line trips, etc. Scarcely has the research touched upon how societal events, such as national sports coverage, impact the power system frequency. This paper first briefly introduces a wide area frequency monitoring network (FNET) and its ability in detecting and reporting power system disturbances. Subsequently, the frequency plots and relevant analysis during Super Bowl XLII are presented as an example of the impact of the societal event on the power system frequency. The observations show there is a certain correlation between a nation wide societal event and the eventfulness of the power system frequency during the time, which is believed to bring up a new subject with regard to the power system frequency behavior.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125491688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5260220
Daniel Wong, R. Kimura
This paper discusses the program to develop, and more importantly, to attract the interest of the next generation of technical experts. The respective roles of industry and academia are discussed. Replenishing the aging work force is discussed as a four step approach starting with increasing the size of the available work force supply pool by presenting the profession as an appealing career choice. Encourage and support career entry by making the process a seamless transition into the power industry. Effectiveness of the new work force is accelerated through fast tracked training and development. Strong retention programs reduce departures from the industry.
{"title":"Replenishing the aging work force in the power industry","authors":"Daniel Wong, R. Kimura","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5260220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5260220","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the program to develop, and more importantly, to attract the interest of the next generation of technical experts. The respective roles of industry and academia are discussed. Replenishing the aging work force is discussed as a four step approach starting with increasing the size of the available work force supply pool by presenting the profession as an appealing career choice. Encourage and support career entry by making the process a seamless transition into the power industry. Effectiveness of the new work force is accelerated through fast tracked training and development. Strong retention programs reduce departures from the industry.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125640410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5276002
J. Gurney, R. Koessler, J. S. Mumick, F. S. Prabhakara, Gang Shen
This paper describes methods for estimating losses and opportunities for reducing losses in large transmission systems. Results from segregating the losses by voltage class and equipment type are presented. Hardware and soft approaches for reducing losses are discussed. Use of optimal power flow for loss reduction in operations is described. Some loss metrics are suggested for evaluating the effectiveness of loss reduction initiatives.
{"title":"Loss reduction opportunities in EHV transmission systems","authors":"J. Gurney, R. Koessler, J. S. Mumick, F. S. Prabhakara, Gang Shen","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5276002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5276002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes methods for estimating losses and opportunities for reducing losses in large transmission systems. Results from segregating the losses by voltage class and equipment type are presented. Hardware and soft approaches for reducing losses are discussed. Use of optimal power flow for loss reduction in operations is described. Some loss metrics are suggested for evaluating the effectiveness of loss reduction initiatives.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"116 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125752389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275600
F. Balasiu, F. Lazar, R. Balaurescu
In order to prevent the occurrence of major disturbances or to limit their consequences in the Romanian Electric Power System (EPS) was implemented a Defense Plan that comprises a succession of hierarchical measures. These measures are chosen in relation with the nature and intensity of the disturbance and their action is to re-establish the normal operation.
{"title":"Defense plan against major disturbances of the Romanian EPS","authors":"F. Balasiu, F. Lazar, R. Balaurescu","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275600","url":null,"abstract":"In order to prevent the occurrence of major disturbances or to limit their consequences in the Romanian Electric Power System (EPS) was implemented a Defense Plan that comprises a succession of hierarchical measures. These measures are chosen in relation with the nature and intensity of the disturbance and their action is to re-establish the normal operation.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121851811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275875
S. Qiang, An Haiyun, Jia Hongjie, Yu Xiaodan, Wang Chengshan, Wei Wei, Ma Zhiyu, Zeng Yuan, Z. Jinli, Li Peng
Since there exist significant time delays in the data of phasor measurement unit (PMU) and wide-area measurement system (WAMS), to evaluate their impact is very important for power system online stability assessment and controller design in the wide-area environment. In this paper, we use Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) method to analyze the impact of time delays on power system stability. An improved delay-dependent stability criterion for power system stability analysis with multiple time delays is presented. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory, a proper Lyapunov functional is firstly constructed. And, in deduction of its derivative function along the system trajectory, some necessary slack variables are introduced so as to reduce the method conservativeness. Then the derivative function is expressed as a set of linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily solved with LMI toolboxes in Matlab or Scilab. Finally, a typical two-dimension time-delayed system and WSCC 3-generator-9-bus system with two time delays are employed to validate the method effectiveness. It is revealed that the presented method is correct, effective and with less conservativeness. Work of this paper is helpful for power system stability assessment and control with considering time delays under wide-area environment.
{"title":"An improved power system stability criterion with multiple time delays","authors":"S. Qiang, An Haiyun, Jia Hongjie, Yu Xiaodan, Wang Chengshan, Wei Wei, Ma Zhiyu, Zeng Yuan, Z. Jinli, Li Peng","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275875","url":null,"abstract":"Since there exist significant time delays in the data of phasor measurement unit (PMU) and wide-area measurement system (WAMS), to evaluate their impact is very important for power system online stability assessment and controller design in the wide-area environment. In this paper, we use Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) method to analyze the impact of time delays on power system stability. An improved delay-dependent stability criterion for power system stability analysis with multiple time delays is presented. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory, a proper Lyapunov functional is firstly constructed. And, in deduction of its derivative function along the system trajectory, some necessary slack variables are introduced so as to reduce the method conservativeness. Then the derivative function is expressed as a set of linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily solved with LMI toolboxes in Matlab or Scilab. Finally, a typical two-dimension time-delayed system and WSCC 3-generator-9-bus system with two time delays are employed to validate the method effectiveness. It is revealed that the presented method is correct, effective and with less conservativeness. Work of this paper is helpful for power system stability assessment and control with considering time delays under wide-area environment.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121859027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275496
S. Halpin
With the acceptance of IEEE Std. 1453, many utility companies in North America are facing problems in applying the recommended concepts. These problems center around difficulties in predicting flicker produced by specific customers or loads before they are connected. The discussions in this paper are intended to serve as an overview of some of the methods that are commonly used, mostly outside North America, to perform pre-connection flicker assessments of fluctuating loads.
{"title":"Assessment of flicker impact of fluctuating loads prior to connection","authors":"S. Halpin","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275496","url":null,"abstract":"With the acceptance of IEEE Std. 1453, many utility companies in North America are facing problems in applying the recommended concepts. These problems center around difficulties in predicting flicker produced by specific customers or loads before they are connected. The discussions in this paper are intended to serve as an overview of some of the methods that are commonly used, mostly outside North America, to perform pre-connection flicker assessments of fluctuating loads.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121956428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275801
Z. Du, Yao Zhang, Y. Ni, Libao Shi, L. Yao, M. Bazargan
A new COI-based backstepping sliding-mode method for emergency frequency control of interconnected AC/DC power systems is proposed in this paper. It aims to provide inter-area power support to the disturbed control area(s) through the intact interconnecting structure under emergency conditions, when the normal Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is suspended to avoid worsening frequency stability. With the assumption of area Center of Inertia (COI) frequency and the employment of Wide-Area Measurement System (WAMS), the control strategy is driving the area COI frequency to track the overall system COI frequency by virtue of coordination control of emergency generation and HVDC power such that the long-term frequency stability can be promisingly improved. The combined approach holds desired robustness to area load disturbances. Simulations have been conducted on a two-area interconnected AC/DC system in computer and the results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design method.
{"title":"COI-based backstepping sliding-mode emergency frequency control for interconnected AC/DC power systems","authors":"Z. Du, Yao Zhang, Y. Ni, Libao Shi, L. Yao, M. Bazargan","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275801","url":null,"abstract":"A new COI-based backstepping sliding-mode method for emergency frequency control of interconnected AC/DC power systems is proposed in this paper. It aims to provide inter-area power support to the disturbed control area(s) through the intact interconnecting structure under emergency conditions, when the normal Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is suspended to avoid worsening frequency stability. With the assumption of area Center of Inertia (COI) frequency and the employment of Wide-Area Measurement System (WAMS), the control strategy is driving the area COI frequency to track the overall system COI frequency by virtue of coordination control of emergency generation and HVDC power such that the long-term frequency stability can be promisingly improved. The combined approach holds desired robustness to area load disturbances. Simulations have been conducted on a two-area interconnected AC/DC system in computer and the results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design method.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121768507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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