Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275259
Niranjan Kumar, D. Das, N. Padhy
The paper presents the structure and overview of Indian power system. The development of transmission technology has also been discussed in brief. The paper reviews the philosophy of transmission tariff in Indian scenario. The changing structure of the electricity supply industry is bringing transmission charging mechanism in to new focus. Of course, charging scheme is a complex task and it becomes important to have a comprehensive study of the existing charging scheme. A case study of Eastern Region (ER) of existing charging practices has been presented here. The paper endorses the MW-Mile method for transmission charging scheme. Finally, some concluding remarks have been produced.
{"title":"Transmission charging practices in ER of indian power utility","authors":"Niranjan Kumar, D. Das, N. Padhy","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275259","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the structure and overview of Indian power system. The development of transmission technology has also been discussed in brief. The paper reviews the philosophy of transmission tariff in Indian scenario. The changing structure of the electricity supply industry is bringing transmission charging mechanism in to new focus. Of course, charging scheme is a complex task and it becomes important to have a comprehensive study of the existing charging scheme. A case study of Eastern Region (ER) of existing charging practices has been presented here. The paper endorses the MW-Mile method for transmission charging scheme. Finally, some concluding remarks have been produced.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115957685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275545
L. Vanfretti, J. Chow, S. Sarawgi, D. Ellis, B. Fardanesh
This paper presents a new approach for synchronized phasor measurement-based state estimation, which starts from the buses with synchronized phasor data and enables highly accurate estimation of portions of the power system with connectivity to these phasor data buses. Observability analysis is used to assemble the buses for this Phasor State Estimator (PSE). The state estimation is formulated as an iterative least-squares problem, with bus voltage and line current magnitudes and phases as the estimated variables. An important aspect of this formulation is its ability to correct for constant or random phase biases that may exist in some phasor measurement equipment. Beside being a standalone state estimator, the PSE can enhance the reliability of a conventional state estimator. The PSE methodology is demonstrated for a power transfer path in the New York power system.
{"title":"A framework for estimation of power systems based on synchronized phasor measurement data","authors":"L. Vanfretti, J. Chow, S. Sarawgi, D. Ellis, B. Fardanesh","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275545","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach for synchronized phasor measurement-based state estimation, which starts from the buses with synchronized phasor data and enables highly accurate estimation of portions of the power system with connectivity to these phasor data buses. Observability analysis is used to assemble the buses for this Phasor State Estimator (PSE). The state estimation is formulated as an iterative least-squares problem, with bus voltage and line current magnitudes and phases as the estimated variables. An important aspect of this formulation is its ability to correct for constant or random phase biases that may exist in some phasor measurement equipment. Beside being a standalone state estimator, the PSE can enhance the reliability of a conventional state estimator. The PSE methodology is demonstrated for a power transfer path in the New York power system.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132116216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275229
R. Schulze, P. Schegner, P. Stachel
Today transmission lines are protected by installing protection relays at their terminating stations. If a fault appears, the protection relays of the faulty line as well as of adjacent lines react and record measurement data. Until today these records are often unexploited. The purpose of this work is to analyse these records with the goal to identify equipment parameters in particular to estimate parameters of unsymmetrical transmission lines by using time-varying phasors. Due to the characteristic of the assumed line model only synchronously sampled fault data of two terminating stations can be used for this type of identification. It is commonly assumed in the field of signal processing of disturbance records (e. g. calculation of fault distance with multi-terminal signals) to use synchronised relays as signal sources. In practise this is not always the case. GPS-synchronised fault data are a minority compared with unsynchronised. This paper presents a novel method for re-synchronising unsynchronised fault data with time differences up to seconds. The proposed re-synchronisation method is divided into two stages. The pre-synchronisation uses segment borders to synchronise disturbance records of similar sequences. The second stage precisely synchronises the fault data belonging to two sides of an overhead transmission line by taking into account the characteristics of a simple line model.
{"title":"Parameter identification of unsymmetrical transmission lines using accurately re-synchronised fault records","authors":"R. Schulze, P. Schegner, P. Stachel","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275229","url":null,"abstract":"Today transmission lines are protected by installing protection relays at their terminating stations. If a fault appears, the protection relays of the faulty line as well as of adjacent lines react and record measurement data. Until today these records are often unexploited. The purpose of this work is to analyse these records with the goal to identify equipment parameters in particular to estimate parameters of unsymmetrical transmission lines by using time-varying phasors. Due to the characteristic of the assumed line model only synchronously sampled fault data of two terminating stations can be used for this type of identification. It is commonly assumed in the field of signal processing of disturbance records (e. g. calculation of fault distance with multi-terminal signals) to use synchronised relays as signal sources. In practise this is not always the case. GPS-synchronised fault data are a minority compared with unsynchronised. This paper presents a novel method for re-synchronising unsynchronised fault data with time differences up to seconds. The proposed re-synchronisation method is divided into two stages. The pre-synchronisation uses segment borders to synchronise disturbance records of similar sequences. The second stage precisely synchronises the fault data belonging to two sides of an overhead transmission line by taking into account the characteristics of a simple line model.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132472759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275731
S. Kennedy
Microgrids can potentially improve distribution system reliability when enabled to operate in an islanded mode. Future microgrids will likely contain substantial amounts of stochastic generation, which have a more uncertain impact on reliability as compared to dispatchable generation sources. New methods that realistically represent the stochastic behavior of these sources and their impact on reliability need to be developed. This paper proposes a new methodology for assessing local generation adequacy for an islanded microgrid with limited stochastic resources. Instead of modeling the generation and load independently, a combined generation-to-load ratio (GLR) is modeled as a Markov process, thereby preserving the correlation among disperse photovoltaic installations and the load. Historical data on solar irradiation and electric load are scaled and smoothed to account for their spatial distribution and used to estimate the Markov transition rates and the final reliability indices. The process illustrates the impact of stochastic behavior on reliability in a transparent manner and is useful for evaluating the reliability benefits of load curtailment and increasing local generation capacity.
{"title":"Reliability evaluation of islanded microgrids with stochastic distributed generation","authors":"S. Kennedy","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275731","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids can potentially improve distribution system reliability when enabled to operate in an islanded mode. Future microgrids will likely contain substantial amounts of stochastic generation, which have a more uncertain impact on reliability as compared to dispatchable generation sources. New methods that realistically represent the stochastic behavior of these sources and their impact on reliability need to be developed. This paper proposes a new methodology for assessing local generation adequacy for an islanded microgrid with limited stochastic resources. Instead of modeling the generation and load independently, a combined generation-to-load ratio (GLR) is modeled as a Markov process, thereby preserving the correlation among disperse photovoltaic installations and the load. Historical data on solar irradiation and electric load are scaled and smoothed to account for their spatial distribution and used to estimate the Markov transition rates and the final reliability indices. The process illustrates the impact of stochastic behavior on reliability in a transparent manner and is useful for evaluating the reliability benefits of load curtailment and increasing local generation capacity.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130015565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275958
Li Wang, Dong-Jing Lee, Jian-Hong Liu, Zan Chen, Zone-Yuan Kuo, Weijen Lee, Jin-Shi Hsu, Cheng-Mei Chen, Shen-Syi Chiu, M. Tsai, Wei-Taw Lin, Yuan-Chung Li
This paper introduces a small hydro power (SHP) system using outlet-water energy of a reservoir in southern Taiwan. The rated capacity of this SHP system is 8.75 MW and the generated power is delivered to the 69-kV system of Taiwan Power Company (TPC). Since the studied Reservoir Wushantou with abundant water offers available water for irrigation of farmlands, industry, people's livelihood, etc., the generated power of the SHP system is very stable and continuous as comparing with the intermittent generated powers from wind turbine generators and photovoltaic arrays. The studied SHP plant is also one of the investments of the multiple managed businesses of the largest farmland irrigation association in Taiwan, Chia-Nan Farmland Irrigation Association. This paper presents some details of the finished SHP system including engineering, electricity prices, capital cost, revenue of power generation, etc. Some measured results of the SHP system including harmonics and flickers are also demonstrated.
{"title":"A small hydro power (SHP) system in Taiwan using outlet-water energy of a reservoir: System introduction and measured results","authors":"Li Wang, Dong-Jing Lee, Jian-Hong Liu, Zan Chen, Zone-Yuan Kuo, Weijen Lee, Jin-Shi Hsu, Cheng-Mei Chen, Shen-Syi Chiu, M. Tsai, Wei-Taw Lin, Yuan-Chung Li","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275958","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a small hydro power (SHP) system using outlet-water energy of a reservoir in southern Taiwan. The rated capacity of this SHP system is 8.75 MW and the generated power is delivered to the 69-kV system of Taiwan Power Company (TPC). Since the studied Reservoir Wushantou with abundant water offers available water for irrigation of farmlands, industry, people's livelihood, etc., the generated power of the SHP system is very stable and continuous as comparing with the intermittent generated powers from wind turbine generators and photovoltaic arrays. The studied SHP plant is also one of the investments of the multiple managed businesses of the largest farmland irrigation association in Taiwan, Chia-Nan Farmland Irrigation Association. This paper presents some details of the finished SHP system including engineering, electricity prices, capital cost, revenue of power generation, etc. Some measured results of the SHP system including harmonics and flickers are also demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130263875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275757
Yu Zhang, Zhenhua Jiang, X. Yu
The battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system actively combines two energy storage devices to achieve better power and energy performances. This paper presents a detailed small-signal mathematical model that can represent the dynamics of the converter-interfaced energy storage system around the steady-state operating point. This model takes into account the effects on the currents of a variety of factors such as the voltage-current characteristics of individual energy storage devices, power converter and filter parameters, and controller parameters. The proposed model considers the variations in the battery current, supercapacitor current and DC bus voltage as state variables, the variations in the power converter duty cycles as the control input, and the variations in the battery voltage, supercapacitor voltage and load current as external disturbances. Frequency-domain model and control strategies for the power sharing between the battery and supercapacitor are developed based on the small-signal model of the hybrid energy system. Frequency-domain characteristics of the open-loop and closed-loop systems are analyzed. Time-domain simulation is used to verify the system operation. The effects of system and controller parameters on the system performance are also studied.
{"title":"Small-signal modeling and analysis of battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems","authors":"Yu Zhang, Zhenhua Jiang, X. Yu","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275757","url":null,"abstract":"The battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system actively combines two energy storage devices to achieve better power and energy performances. This paper presents a detailed small-signal mathematical model that can represent the dynamics of the converter-interfaced energy storage system around the steady-state operating point. This model takes into account the effects on the currents of a variety of factors such as the voltage-current characteristics of individual energy storage devices, power converter and filter parameters, and controller parameters. The proposed model considers the variations in the battery current, supercapacitor current and DC bus voltage as state variables, the variations in the power converter duty cycles as the control input, and the variations in the battery voltage, supercapacitor voltage and load current as external disturbances. Frequency-domain model and control strategies for the power sharing between the battery and supercapacitor are developed based on the small-signal model of the hybrid energy system. Frequency-domain characteristics of the open-loop and closed-loop systems are analyzed. Time-domain simulation is used to verify the system operation. The effects of system and controller parameters on the system performance are also studied.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130274019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275308
Tao Hong, S. Hsiang, Le Xu
Horizon year load (HYL) is an important parameter in load forecasting algorithms that involve the Gompertz functions. Land use information has been utilized to determine HYL by computerized program. However, this approach fails when computer tries to seek optimal solution but ignores the physical meaning of the data, which can be overcome by the planners. This paper proposes and implements a methodology to determine horizon year load using land use information and planners' domain knowledge. The proposed methodology has been implemented and applied to several US utility companies to calculate the HYL of the small areas in the service territory. The resulting HYL has been used to drive the long-term electric load growth forecasting and to get satisfying forecast.
{"title":"Human-machine co-construct intelligence on horizon year load in long term spatial load forecasting","authors":"Tao Hong, S. Hsiang, Le Xu","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275308","url":null,"abstract":"Horizon year load (HYL) is an important parameter in load forecasting algorithms that involve the Gompertz functions. Land use information has been utilized to determine HYL by computerized program. However, this approach fails when computer tries to seek optimal solution but ignores the physical meaning of the data, which can be overcome by the planners. This paper proposes and implements a methodology to determine horizon year load using land use information and planners' domain knowledge. The proposed methodology has been implemented and applied to several US utility companies to calculate the HYL of the small areas in the service territory. The resulting HYL has been used to drive the long-term electric load growth forecasting and to get satisfying forecast.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134188907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275415
B. Russell, C. Benner, Robert M. Cheney, Charles F. Wallis, Thomas L. Anthony, W. Muston
Feeder reliability has been receiving increased attention. Substantial industry efforts have defined standardized indices for quantifying reliability. Utility commissions and municipalities are requiring utilities to use these indices to identify and make improvements to poorly performing feeders. Reliability indices generally equate to the number and length of outages, and to the number of customers affected. While some outages are unavoidable, others are the result of incipient failures or apparatus malfunction. This paper illustrates how reliability can be improved through real-time situational awareness of faults and events. Emphasis is given to providing actionable information with little or no human intervention. The paper describes how Texas A&M's Distribution Fault Anticipation (DFA) project documented naturally occurring faults and outages on 60 feeders, and examines how those events could be avoided with intelligent monitoring. Reliability improvements are projected through condition-based maintenance and quick response to outages using previously unavailable information on faults and events.
{"title":"Reliability improvement of distribution feeders through real-time, intelligent monitoring","authors":"B. Russell, C. Benner, Robert M. Cheney, Charles F. Wallis, Thomas L. Anthony, W. Muston","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275415","url":null,"abstract":"Feeder reliability has been receiving increased attention. Substantial industry efforts have defined standardized indices for quantifying reliability. Utility commissions and municipalities are requiring utilities to use these indices to identify and make improvements to poorly performing feeders. Reliability indices generally equate to the number and length of outages, and to the number of customers affected. While some outages are unavoidable, others are the result of incipient failures or apparatus malfunction. This paper illustrates how reliability can be improved through real-time situational awareness of faults and events. Emphasis is given to providing actionable information with little or no human intervention. The paper describes how Texas A&M's Distribution Fault Anticipation (DFA) project documented naturally occurring faults and outages on 60 feeders, and examines how those events could be avoided with intelligent monitoring. Reliability improvements are projected through condition-based maintenance and quick response to outages using previously unavailable information on faults and events.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134516611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275997
C. Heyde, Z. Styczynski
In this paper a voltage stability analysis is described, which is coupled with an online dynamic security and protection assessment system (DSA). The focus will lie on the calculated indices and their algorithms using time domain simulations. Because the online DSA collects information from four different modules, the voltage stability module, small signal stability module, the transient stability module and the protection module, the required information exchange between these modules is examined.
{"title":"Voltage stability analysis as part of an online DSA system","authors":"C. Heyde, Z. Styczynski","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275997","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a voltage stability analysis is described, which is coupled with an online dynamic security and protection assessment system (DSA). The focus will lie on the calculated indices and their algorithms using time domain simulations. Because the online DSA collects information from four different modules, the voltage stability module, small signal stability module, the transient stability module and the protection module, the required information exchange between these modules is examined.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133925918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5260228
G. Gross
The numerous blackouts experienced recently in many parts of the world make amply clear the fact that the transmission network is the weakest link of the restructured electricity business. With the unbundling of the electricity industry under restructuring, new players, such as brokers, marketers and independent power producers and new structures such as the Independent Grid Operator (IGO) and have been introduced and have led to new paradigms for the operation and planning of the transmission system. The decentralized decision making in the new structure, the large number of new players, the proliferation in the number of transactions on the networks and the markedly different utilization of the transmission system than in the way it was planned and designed have all contributed to the severe stressing of the transmission grid. This has resulted in frequent congestion situations with customers competing for the scarce and heavily constrained transmission services. Moreover, despite the more intense utilization of the grid by the many established and new players, investments in the transmission network have failed to keep pace with the increasing demand for transmission services. The need for investment to improve and expand the grid and to reliably maintain the existing network has been met poorly under competitive markets, with very few exceptions. The sluggishness of transmission investment is caused by numerous factors, but a principal one is the substantial mismatches between those benefiting from the new facilities and those paying for them are often such as to prevent the investments from being made. There is an acute need to set up effective procedures to ensure the timely recovery of transmission investments. In other words, investors need appropriate market incentives to expand and improve the grid. Moreover, the need to integrate the many renewable energy projects and the various distributed energy resources, including the soon-to-grow population of battery vehicles are exerting huge pressures on the expansion of the existing grid. At the same time, the legislative and regulatory climate has been rapidly evolving to recognize the realities of the multi-faceted changes impacting the industry.
{"title":"The transmission investment debacle","authors":"G. Gross","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5260228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5260228","url":null,"abstract":"The numerous blackouts experienced recently in many parts of the world make amply clear the fact that the transmission network is the weakest link of the restructured electricity business. With the unbundling of the electricity industry under restructuring, new players, such as brokers, marketers and independent power producers and new structures such as the Independent Grid Operator (IGO) and have been introduced and have led to new paradigms for the operation and planning of the transmission system. The decentralized decision making in the new structure, the large number of new players, the proliferation in the number of transactions on the networks and the markedly different utilization of the transmission system than in the way it was planned and designed have all contributed to the severe stressing of the transmission grid. This has resulted in frequent congestion situations with customers competing for the scarce and heavily constrained transmission services. Moreover, despite the more intense utilization of the grid by the many established and new players, investments in the transmission network have failed to keep pace with the increasing demand for transmission services. The need for investment to improve and expand the grid and to reliably maintain the existing network has been met poorly under competitive markets, with very few exceptions. The sluggishness of transmission investment is caused by numerous factors, but a principal one is the substantial mismatches between those benefiting from the new facilities and those paying for them are often such as to prevent the investments from being made. There is an acute need to set up effective procedures to ensure the timely recovery of transmission investments. In other words, investors need appropriate market incentives to expand and improve the grid. Moreover, the need to integrate the many renewable energy projects and the various distributed energy resources, including the soon-to-grow population of battery vehicles are exerting huge pressures on the expansion of the existing grid. At the same time, the legislative and regulatory climate has been rapidly evolving to recognize the realities of the multi-faceted changes impacting the industry.","PeriodicalId":258632,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134087603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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