Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most fatal infectious diseases worldwide, successful treatment is often limited by insufficient diagnostic capabilities. It creates a pressing need for diagnostic methods that combine high sensitivity, specificity, and operational robustness. In this work, we developed a DNAzyme-CRISPR cascade strategy (Dz-CRISPR) for the specific identification of the IS6110 sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This system integrated a thermodynamically stabilized hairpin probe, an Arch-shaped signal transduction switch, and an allosterically activated CRISPR-Cas12a cascade. The design enabled direct target recognition and subsequent signal amplification without a preamplification step, offering a simplified workflow with enhanced stability. The assay demonstrated a detection limit of 211.3 fM and exhibited high specificity by accurately discriminating the IS6110 from specific DNA sequence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and other common respiratory pathogens. Validation using clinical bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples further confirmed the method's reliable performance, reproducibility, and satisfactory recovery rates. Current Dz-CRISPR detection strategy provides a reliable and practical solution for tuberculosis diagnosis with high sensitivity, high specificity, and operational robustness, thus demonstrating potential for practical use in resource-constrained areas.
{"title":"A DNAzyme-CRISPR cascade strategy for preamplification-free detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"Ying Yu , Jianhong Zhang , Guoming Xie , Yu Lin , Yue Huang , Chenxin Rao , Yulei Hou , Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most fatal infectious diseases worldwide, successful treatment is often limited by insufficient diagnostic capabilities. It creates a pressing need for diagnostic methods that combine high sensitivity, specificity, and operational robustness. In this work, we developed a DNAzyme-CRISPR cascade strategy (Dz-CRISPR) for the specific identification of the <em>IS6110</em> sequence <em>of Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MTB). This system integrated a thermodynamically stabilized hairpin probe, an Arch-shaped signal transduction switch, and an allosterically activated CRISPR-Cas12a cascade. The design enabled direct target recognition and subsequent signal amplification without a preamplification step, offering a simplified workflow with enhanced stability. The assay demonstrated a detection limit of 211.3 fM and exhibited high specificity by accurately discriminating the <em>IS6110</em> from specific DNA sequence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and other common respiratory pathogens. Validation using clinical bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples further confirmed the method's reliable performance, reproducibility, and satisfactory recovery rates. Current Dz-CRISPR detection strategy provides a reliable and practical solution for tuberculosis diagnosis with high sensitivity, high specificity, and operational robustness, thus demonstrating potential for practical use in resource-constrained areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118428"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2026.118410
Marcin Luty , Renata Szydlak , Joanna Pabijan , Ingrid H. Øvreeide , Victorien E. Prot , Joanna Zemła , Bjørn T. Stokke , Małgorzata Lekka
Glycosylation, a fundamental posttranslational modification, is crucial in cancer progression. Aberrant glycosylation patterns in tumor cells alter their interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), facilitating invasion and metastasis. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that selectively recognize these modifications, making them valuable tools for cancer detection. However, their impact on cancer cell behavior remains insufficiently explored.
In this study, we examined the response of bladder cancers (non-malignant HCV29, non-invasive HT1376, and invasive T24 cancer cells) to surfaces coated with the lectins (Dolichosbiflorus agglutinin (DBA), Lensculinaris agglutinin (LCA), Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), and Wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA)), using atomic force microscopy (AFM), cell imaging, and proliferation and migration assays. Our findings indicate that lectin coatings significantly influenced cancer cell proliferation and migration in a lectin-dependent manner. Notably, WGA induced the most pronounced effects, accelerating proliferation while simultaneously reducing migration, particularly in the invasive T24 cell line. Similarly, PHA-L increased proliferation. These results highlight the dual role of lectins as diagnostic markers and potential modulators of cancer cell behavior. While lectin-based biosensors offer promising tools for cancer detection, their influence on cell properties must be carefully considered to ensure reliable diagnostics. This study underscores the need for further research into the functional consequences of lectin-glycan interactions in cancer detection. Lectins, being beneficial for biosensing, may modulate cell behavior (as our results show), which potentially interferes with diagnostic capabilities.
{"title":"Identification of glycosylation-related changes in migratory and mechanical properties of bladder cancer cells","authors":"Marcin Luty , Renata Szydlak , Joanna Pabijan , Ingrid H. Øvreeide , Victorien E. Prot , Joanna Zemła , Bjørn T. Stokke , Małgorzata Lekka","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glycosylation, a fundamental posttranslational modification, is crucial in cancer progression. Aberrant glycosylation patterns in tumor cells alter their interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), facilitating invasion and metastasis. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that selectively recognize these modifications, making them valuable tools for cancer detection. However, their impact on cancer cell behavior remains insufficiently explored.</div><div>In this study, we examined the response of bladder cancers (non-malignant HCV29, non-invasive HT1376, and invasive T24 cancer cells) to surfaces coated with the lectins (<em>Dolichos</em> <em>b</em><em>iflorus</em> agglutinin (DBA), <em>Lens</em> <em>c</em><em>ulinaris</em> agglutinin (LCA), <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), and <em>Wheat</em> <em>g</em><em>erm</em> agglutinin (WGA)), using atomic force microscopy (AFM), cell imaging, and proliferation and migration assays. Our findings indicate that lectin coatings significantly influenced cancer cell proliferation and migration in a lectin-dependent manner. Notably, WGA induced the most pronounced effects, accelerating proliferation while simultaneously reducing migration, particularly in the invasive T24 cell line. Similarly, PHA-L increased proliferation. These results highlight the dual role of lectins as diagnostic markers and potential modulators of cancer cell behavior. While lectin-based biosensors offer promising tools for cancer detection, their influence on cell properties must be carefully considered to ensure reliable diagnostics. This study underscores the need for further research into the functional consequences of lectin-glycan interactions in cancer detection. Lectins, being beneficial for biosensing, may modulate cell behavior (as our results show), which potentially interferes with diagnostic capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118410"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2026.118427
Miguel A.D. Neves , Andrea Cruz , Pedro Melo , Evelyn Santos , Francisco Vasques-Nóvoa , Ana Beatriz Baptista , João Barbosa-Breda , Fernando Friões , Jorge Almeida , João Pedro Ferreira , Adelino Leite-Moreira , Amândio Rocha-Sousa , Inês Mendes Pinto
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health challenge, contributing to high morbidity, mortality, and significant economic burden worldwide. Early diagnosis and accurate risk stratification are critical for improving patient outcomes and guiding clinical decisions. N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a well-established blood biomarker of ventricular overload, widely used for diagnosing HF and assessing its severity. Beyond diagnosis, NT-proBNP provides valuable prognostic insights into treatment response and can predict adverse cardiovascular events, such as HF-related hospitalizations and mortality, thus playing a key role in personalized care and therapeutic management. Despite its clinical significance, current CE/FDA-certified methods for NT-proBNP measurement face critical limitations, particularly in point-of-care settings and for ongoing, minimally or non-invasive monitoring. These constraints hinder the ability to perform remote (e.g. community medical clinic) monitoring—a crucial capability for revolutionizing heart failure management. To address this challenge, we report the development and proof-of-concept validation of an ultrasensitive (compared to gold standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays), miniaturized electrochemical biosensor for fast and minute sample detection of NT-proBNP in tears from a well-characterized cohort of heart failure patients. Correlation analysis of NT-proBNP concentrations in tear fluid and blood plasma/serum, together with key clinical parameters, demonstrates that tear fluid is a promising non-invasive matrix for heart failure diagnosis and continuous monitoring in point-of-care settings. This approach provides a transformative pathway to advance heart failure management by enabling remote, point-of-care diagnostic monitoring outside of centralized hospitals and laboratories.
{"title":"HF-Sensor: A non-invasive biosensor system for heart failure diagnosis and monitoring at the point-of-care","authors":"Miguel A.D. Neves , Andrea Cruz , Pedro Melo , Evelyn Santos , Francisco Vasques-Nóvoa , Ana Beatriz Baptista , João Barbosa-Breda , Fernando Friões , Jorge Almeida , João Pedro Ferreira , Adelino Leite-Moreira , Amândio Rocha-Sousa , Inês Mendes Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heart failure (HF) is a major public health challenge, contributing to high morbidity, mortality, and significant economic burden worldwide. Early diagnosis and accurate risk stratification are critical for improving patient outcomes and guiding clinical decisions. N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a well-established blood biomarker of ventricular overload, widely used for diagnosing HF and assessing its severity. Beyond diagnosis, NT-proBNP provides valuable prognostic insights into treatment response and can predict adverse cardiovascular events, such as HF-related hospitalizations and mortality, thus playing a key role in personalized care and therapeutic management. Despite its clinical significance, current CE/FDA-certified methods for NT-proBNP measurement face critical limitations, particularly in point-of-care settings and for ongoing, minimally or non-invasive monitoring. These constraints hinder the ability to perform remote (e.g. community medical clinic) monitoring—a crucial capability for revolutionizing heart failure management. To address this challenge, we report the development and proof-of-concept validation of an ultrasensitive (compared to gold standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays), miniaturized electrochemical biosensor for fast and minute sample detection of NT-proBNP in tears from a well-characterized cohort of heart failure patients. Correlation analysis of NT-proBNP concentrations in tear fluid and blood plasma/serum, together with key clinical parameters, demonstrates that tear fluid is a promising non-invasive matrix for heart failure diagnosis and continuous monitoring in point-of-care settings. This approach provides a transformative pathway to advance heart failure management by enabling remote, point-of-care diagnostic monitoring outside of centralized hospitals and laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118427"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2026.118425
Ayizekeranmu Yiming , Xinxin Ma , Xiran Chen , Zonghui Chen , Shouzhi Yang , Jinlong Zhao , Yinkai Ni , Cheng Zhang , Liang Fu , Ruoxin Wang , Litao Tang , Feng Li , Lin Huang , Kun Qian , Yuanyi Zheng
Infective endocarditis (IE) continues to pose significant clinical challenges as a life-threatening condition associated with 30 % mortality. The current diagnostic criteria, the 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) criteria, present diagnostic challenges due to complex processes. Blood culture remains a cornerstone of IE diagnosis, enabling identification of the causative microorganism and guiding targeted antibiotic therapy. However, results typically take 2–5 days, significantly delaying critical treatment decisions. To overcome these limitations, we developed a nanoparticle-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (NPELDI MS) platform capable of acquiring serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs). When integrated with machine learning algorithms, this platform achieves accurate IE diagnosis (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.882) and rapid streptococcal classification within 10 min. Notably, our platform enables simultaneous IE diagnosis and classification via a single assay free of culture process. This integrated approach addresses the critical unmet need in IE management, offering transformative potential for timely therapeutic decision-making and improved patient outcomes.
{"title":"Diagnosis and classification of infective endocarditis via efficient serum metabolic fingerprint analysis","authors":"Ayizekeranmu Yiming , Xinxin Ma , Xiran Chen , Zonghui Chen , Shouzhi Yang , Jinlong Zhao , Yinkai Ni , Cheng Zhang , Liang Fu , Ruoxin Wang , Litao Tang , Feng Li , Lin Huang , Kun Qian , Yuanyi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infective endocarditis (IE) continues to pose significant clinical challenges as a life-threatening condition associated with 30 % mortality. The current diagnostic criteria, the 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) criteria, present diagnostic challenges due to complex processes. Blood culture remains a cornerstone of IE diagnosis, enabling identification of the causative microorganism and guiding targeted antibiotic therapy. However, results typically take 2–5 days, significantly delaying critical treatment decisions. To overcome these limitations, we developed a nanoparticle-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (NPELDI MS) platform capable of acquiring serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs). When integrated with machine learning algorithms, this platform achieves accurate IE diagnosis (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.882) and rapid streptococcal classification within 10 min. Notably, our platform enables simultaneous IE diagnosis and classification via a single assay free of culture process. This integrated approach addresses the critical unmet need in IE management, offering transformative potential for timely therapeutic decision-making and improved patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 118425"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2026.118426
Annan Liu , Lei Li , Bin Yang , Kejun Jiang , Hao Liang , Andrew K. Whittaker , Ze Wang , Quan Lin
Disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis offers a promising strategy for treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, its efficacy is limited by insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and calcium ion accumulation. To amplify mitochondrial homeostasis disruption, the thermo/acid-responsive CaAuMn-capsaicin@PEG nanoreactor (CAMcaP) was designed. CAMcaP nanoreactor innovatively integrates calcium overload and photothermal enhanced ROS storm, coordinately disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis to offer a promising strategy for LUAD treatment. CAMcaP also serves as an excellent fluorescence/computed tomography (FL/CT) dual-mode imaging nanoprobe, enabling accurate localization of lesions and real-time monitoring of lesion changes during treatment. Specifically, CAMcaP integrates CaAuMn nanoparticles (CaAMNPs, serving as nanoprobe, photothermal agent, peroxidase-like enzyme and calcium donor) and capsaicin within DPPC-DSPE-PEG shell. After accumulating in tumors, hyperthermia triggers the disintegration of DPPC-DSPE-PEG shell under 808 nm laser irradiation (2.0 W/cm2,5 min), enabling controlled release of capsaicin and CaAMNPs. The acidic tumor microenvironment triggers CaAMNPs degradation to release Ca2+, while capsaicin opens transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel on cancer cell membrane to induce intracellular calcium overload, thereby disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. Meanwhile, CaAMNPs achieve nanocatalytic therapy via Mn2+-mediated Fenton-like reaction. Its photothermal performance further improves catalytic efficiency, and induces ROS storm that disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, ultimately achieves tumor ablation. In conclusion, our work provides a visual diagnosis and intelligent treatment strategy for LUAD, integrating FL/CT dual-mode imaging with ion interference and photothermal enhanced ROS storm-induced mitochondrial homeostasis disruption.
{"title":"The intelligent nanoreactor ignites mitochondrial homeostasis disruption via calcium overload and ROS storm for the treatment and visual diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma","authors":"Annan Liu , Lei Li , Bin Yang , Kejun Jiang , Hao Liang , Andrew K. Whittaker , Ze Wang , Quan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis offers a promising strategy for treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, its efficacy is limited by insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and calcium ion accumulation. To amplify mitochondrial homeostasis disruption, the thermo/acid-responsive CaAuMn-capsaicin@PEG nanoreactor (CAMcaP) was designed. CAMcaP nanoreactor innovatively integrates calcium overload and photothermal enhanced ROS storm, coordinately disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis to offer a promising strategy for LUAD treatment. CAMcaP also serves as an excellent fluorescence/computed tomography (FL/CT) dual-mode imaging nanoprobe, enabling accurate localization of lesions and real-time monitoring of lesion changes during treatment. Specifically, CAMcaP integrates CaAuMn nanoparticles (CaAMNPs, serving as nanoprobe, photothermal agent, peroxidase-like enzyme and calcium donor) and capsaicin within DPPC-DSPE-PEG shell. After accumulating in tumors, hyperthermia triggers the disintegration of DPPC-DSPE-PEG shell under 808 nm laser irradiation (2.0 W/cm<sup>2</sup>,5 min), enabling controlled release of capsaicin and CaAMNPs. The acidic tumor microenvironment triggers CaAMNPs degradation to release Ca<sup>2+</sup>, while capsaicin opens transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel on cancer cell membrane to induce intracellular calcium overload, thereby disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. Meanwhile, CaAMNPs achieve nanocatalytic therapy via Mn<sup>2+</sup>-mediated Fenton-like reaction. Its photothermal performance further improves catalytic efficiency, and induces ROS storm that disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, ultimately achieves tumor ablation. In conclusion, our work provides a visual diagnosis and intelligent treatment strategy for LUAD, integrating FL/CT dual-mode imaging with ion interference and photothermal enhanced ROS storm-induced mitochondrial homeostasis disruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118426"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we enhanced the affinity and specificity of an aptamer for SARS-CoV-2 detection in human saliva. Aptamers are promising recognition elements in biosensors; however, their performance in biological samples such as human saliva, is sometimes limited by insufficient affinity and specificity, even if they are obtained through conventional systematic evolution of ligands via exponential enrichment (SELEX). Here, we introduced inosine mutation into in silico maturation (ISM) process as a post-SELEX optimization. Inosine incorporation expands sequence diversity through non-Watson-Crick base pairing and increases local hydrophobicity at the aptamer-protein interface, enabling structural and physicochemical variation that cannot be achieved by SELEX alone. After inosine-incorporated ISM, we identified an optimized SARS-CoV-2 aptamer, WiS-914, which exhibited improved affinity and specificity for inactivated SARS-CoV-2. This aptamer showed a distinct and more stable topology than the original aptamer. When it was applied to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 detection in actual human saliva using our convenient and on-site virus detection platform, more sensitive detection with lower limit of detection was achieved compared with the original aptamer. These results demonstrate that inosine-integrated ISM is an effective post-SELEX optimization for generating high-performance aptamers suitable for detecting targets in biological samples.
{"title":"Strategic aptamer evolution for SARS-CoV-2 to enable the detection in human saliva","authors":"Daimei Miura , Wakana Hayashi , Sakura Nashiki , Katsuya Oguchi , Haruka Kawai , Kaori Tsukakoshi , Wakako Tsugawa , Ryutaro Asano , Kazunori Ikebukuro","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we enhanced the affinity and specificity of an aptamer for SARS-CoV-2 detection in human saliva. Aptamers are promising recognition elements in biosensors; however, their performance in biological samples such as human saliva, is sometimes limited by insufficient affinity and specificity, even if they are obtained through conventional systematic evolution of ligands via exponential enrichment (SELEX). Here, we introduced inosine mutation into <em>in silico</em> maturation (ISM) process as a post-SELEX optimization. Inosine incorporation expands sequence diversity through non-Watson-Crick base pairing and increases local hydrophobicity at the aptamer-protein interface, enabling structural and physicochemical variation that cannot be achieved by SELEX alone. After inosine-incorporated ISM, we identified an optimized SARS-CoV-2 aptamer, WiS-914, which exhibited improved affinity and specificity for inactivated SARS-CoV-2. This aptamer showed a distinct and more stable topology than the original aptamer. When it was applied to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 detection in actual human saliva using our convenient and on-site virus detection platform, more sensitive detection with lower limit of detection was achieved compared with the original aptamer. These results demonstrate that inosine-integrated ISM is an effective post-SELEX optimization for generating high-performance aptamers suitable for detecting targets in biological samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118423"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Light-addressable electrochemistry offers a contact-free route to map chemical activity with spatial precision. Bioimaging in three-dimensional (3D) cultures remains challenging under operating conditions dominated by water oxidation. This work establishes hematite (Fe2O3) light-addressable electrodes that operate under visible light to image redox events in complex microenvironments. Hydrothermally synthesized hematite films were structurally and photoelectrochemically characterized, revealing a visible absorption edge and favorable band energetics for driving biomolecule oxidation at comparatively low bias. Photoelectrochemical performance was quantified by linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry under full-field and focused illumination. Using ferrocenemethanol as a model analyte, bias windows were identified that suppress background oxidation and enable analysis via differential photocurrent. For hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), calibration under full-field illumination yielded a limit of detection of 0.74 μM (R2 = 0.96); focused-spot operation preserved spatial resolving power with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.6 μM, sufficient for biological measurements. A glass-masking evaluation quantified spatial resolution with a full width at half maximum of 120 ± 22 μm, and stability tests showed no significant degradation over 100 illumination cycles. The photoelectrochemical imaging resolved diffusion barriers and concentration gradients around MCF-7 spheroids. The system also quantified localized, enzyme-generated H2O2 using glucose oxidase beads with catalase controls that confirmed the reaction mechanism. Importantly, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation enabled time-resolved visualization of H2O2 release from tumor spheroids at micromolar levels. These results position hematite-based photoelectrochemical imaging as a practical, selective, and noninvasive approach for time-dependent chemical mapping in 3D cell models and related bioanalytical applications.
{"title":"Photoelectrochemical bioimaging of redox events for 3D cultured cells via hematite-based light-addressable electrodes","authors":"Tomoyuki Ogawa , Ryo Yamatake , Yusuke Kanno , Takasi Nisisako , Yuvaraj M. Hunge , Kosuke Ino , Shan Liu , Chen-Zhong Li , Tatsuo Yoshinobu , Hitoshi Shiku , Hiroya Abe","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light-addressable electrochemistry offers a contact-free route to map chemical activity with spatial precision. Bioimaging in three-dimensional (3D) cultures remains challenging under operating conditions dominated by water oxidation. This work establishes hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) light-addressable electrodes that operate under visible light to image redox events in complex microenvironments. Hydrothermally synthesized hematite films were structurally and photoelectrochemically characterized, revealing a visible absorption edge and favorable band energetics for driving biomolecule oxidation at comparatively low bias. Photoelectrochemical performance was quantified by linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry under full-field and focused illumination. Using ferrocenemethanol as a model analyte, bias windows were identified that suppress background oxidation and enable analysis via differential photocurrent. For hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), calibration under full-field illumination yielded a limit of detection of 0.74 μM (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96); focused-spot operation preserved spatial resolving power with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.6 μM, sufficient for biological measurements. A glass-masking evaluation quantified spatial resolution with a full width at half maximum of 120 ± 22 μm, and stability tests showed no significant degradation over 100 illumination cycles. The photoelectrochemical imaging resolved diffusion barriers and concentration gradients around MCF-7 spheroids. The system also quantified localized, enzyme-generated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> using glucose oxidase beads with catalase controls that confirmed the reaction mechanism. Importantly, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation enabled time-resolved visualization of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> release from tumor spheroids at micromolar levels. These results position hematite-based photoelectrochemical imaging as a practical, selective, and noninvasive approach for time-dependent chemical mapping in 3D cell models and related bioanalytical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118414"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2026.118422
Lemin Yu , Jingyi Wang , Shoukun Lin , Wenzhe Lu , Quan Li , Yubo Shi , Jingfu Wang
Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)-induced contamination is emerging as a severe threat to food safety. Therefore, rapid and sensitive detection of S. typhimurium is urgently required. Conventional detection methodologies exhibit persistent limitations. The combination of microfluidic chips with magnetic beads (MBs) for isolating bacteria such as S. typhimurium has emerged as a prominent research focus. However, flexible and tunable magnetic field control methods for optimizing MB chain formation and enhancing the capture efficiency of the target bacteria are lacking. We developed a microfluidic fluorescent biosensor to achieve an efficient on-site detection of S. typhimurium using magnetic bead (MB) chains for continuous-flow electromagnetic separation, a dual-aptamer recognition method for specifically labeling S. typhimurium, and a customized smartphone-based real-time fluorescence system for quantitative detection. Aptamer-conjugated MBs in the separation channel were distributed into high-density bead chains in a high-intensity gradient magnetic field generated by an electromagnetic actuation module. The samples continuously flew through the separation channel, in which the target bacteria were specifically captured by aptamer-conjugated MBs. Aptamer-functionalized fluorescent labels were passed through the separation channel to form bacteria–MB–fluorescent label complexes for quantitative detection. Under optimal conditions, the microfluidic biosensor completed sample-in-result-out detection within 30 min, with a detection limit of 2 colony-forming unit/mL for S. typhimurium. This biosensor can be potentially applied for detecting food pathogens, making it suitable for supervising food production and monitoring catering hygiene.
{"title":"Integrated sample-in-result-out microfluidic biosensor for rapid ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium using electromagnetically actuated aptamer-conjugated magnetic bead chains","authors":"Lemin Yu , Jingyi Wang , Shoukun Lin , Wenzhe Lu , Quan Li , Yubo Shi , Jingfu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> (<em>S</em>. <em>typhimurium</em>)-induced contamination is emerging as a severe threat to food safety. Therefore, rapid and sensitive detection of <em>S. typhimurium</em> is urgently required. Conventional detection methodologies exhibit persistent limitations. The combination of microfluidic chips with magnetic beads (MBs) for isolating bacteria such as <em>S. typhimurium</em> has emerged as a prominent research focus. However, flexible and tunable magnetic field control methods for optimizing MB chain formation and enhancing the capture efficiency of the target bacteria are lacking. We developed a microfluidic fluorescent biosensor to achieve an efficient on-site detection of <em>S. typhimurium</em> using magnetic bead (MB) chains for continuous-flow electromagnetic separation, a dual-aptamer recognition method for specifically labeling <em>S. typhimurium</em>, and a customized smartphone-based real-time fluorescence system for quantitative detection. Aptamer-conjugated MBs in the separation channel were distributed into high-density bead chains in a high-intensity gradient magnetic field generated by an electromagnetic actuation module. The samples continuously flew through the separation channel, in which the target bacteria were specifically captured by aptamer-conjugated MBs. Aptamer-functionalized fluorescent labels were passed through the separation channel to form bacteria–MB–fluorescent label complexes for quantitative detection. Under optimal conditions, the microfluidic biosensor completed sample-in-result-out detection within 30 min, with a detection limit of 2 colony-forming unit/mL for <em>S</em>. <em>typhimurium</em>. This biosensor can be potentially applied for detecting food pathogens, making it suitable for supervising food production and monitoring catering hygiene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118422"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, making Aβ a crucial biomarker for early diagnosis. In this study, we developed a novel light-addressable sandwich photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor array for the detection of Aβ42, aiming to enhance diagnostic methods for AD. The array utilized cadmium telluride quantum dot-sensitized UiO-66 (U@C) as the sensing matrix and PCN-224@ZnIn2S4 nanoflower heterojunctions (P@Z) as immunoprobes, enabling multiplexed detection through laser pen activation on a single FTO electrode with a self-calibration method to minimize background noise and baseline drift. The assay required 60 min for incubation steps before detection; however, with 11 simultaneous detection points, it significantly reduced batch processing time and enhanced practicality. For point-of-care applications, we also developed a PEC-lateral flow immunoassay (PEC-LFIA) test strip that allowed for real-time, quantitative detection of Aβ42 with only 15 min of incubation required for testing. Both platforms effectively detected Aβ42 in PBS, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and human plasma at concentrations ranging from fg/mL to ng/mL. Notably, sensitivity in human plasma was five times greater than that in artificial CSF. The PEC array achieved detection limits of 19.5 fg/mL in CSF and 3.1 fg/mL in plasma, while the PEC-LFIA strip demonstrated limits of 17.8 fg/mL in CSF and 3.1 fg/mL in human plasma. These advancements significantly reduced patient burden and brought us closer to utilizing a single drop of blood for monitoring brain aging.
{"title":"Light-addressable sandwich photoelectrochemical immunosensor array and lateral flow immunoassays with self-calibration using quantum dots-sensitized and porphyrin-engineered MOFs for accurate detection of amyloid β-proteins","authors":"Louqun Wang , Jingge Niu , Xiaoli Chen , Yun Zhu , Xiaohong Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, making Aβ a crucial biomarker for early diagnosis. In this study, we developed a novel light-addressable sandwich photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor array for the detection of Aβ42, aiming to enhance diagnostic methods for AD. The array utilized cadmium telluride quantum dot-sensitized UiO-66 (U@C) as the sensing matrix and PCN-224@ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> nanoflower heterojunctions (P@Z) as immunoprobes, enabling multiplexed detection through laser pen activation on a single FTO electrode with a self-calibration method to minimize background noise and baseline drift. The assay required 60 min for incubation steps before detection; however, with 11 simultaneous detection points, it significantly reduced batch processing time and enhanced practicality. For point-of-care applications, we also developed a PEC-lateral flow immunoassay (PEC-LFIA) test strip that allowed for real-time, quantitative detection of Aβ42 with only 15 min of incubation required for testing. Both platforms effectively detected Aβ42 in PBS, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and human plasma at concentrations ranging from fg/mL to ng/mL. Notably, sensitivity in human plasma was five times greater than that in artificial CSF. The PEC array achieved detection limits of 19.5 fg/mL in CSF and 3.1 fg/mL in plasma, while the PEC-LFIA strip demonstrated limits of 17.8 fg/mL in CSF and 3.1 fg/mL in human plasma. These advancements significantly reduced patient burden and brought us closer to utilizing a single drop of blood for monitoring brain aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118424"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2026.118404
Surendran Velmurugan , Melis Güler Girbas , Can Dincer , Meltem Avci-Adali , Stefan Partel
Sample preparation is a critical step in clinical diagnostics, as plasma must be separated from whole blood before analysis. Conventional centrifugation is time-consuming, require bulky equipment, and is unsuitable for point-of-care (POC) applications. Here, we present a simple and low-cost microfluidic device that achieves continuous (uninterrupted flow separation without batch processing) and real-time (immediate flow separation and inline without delays) plasma separation from undiluted whole human blood without external forces. Six channel geometries were evaluated by numerical simulations to investigate the effects of side-channel orientation and channel height on red blood cell (RBC) contamination carryover. The optimized configuration with a 20-μm channel height, minimized recirculation zones and enhanced inertial focusing, leading to reduced RBC contamination in the side channel plasma outlet. Devices were then fabricated by standard photolithography and soft lithography. Experimental validation with whole human blood demonstrated that the device significantly reduced red blood cell (RBC) contamination across a flow rate range of 0.05–0.2 mL min−1, yielding plasma with substantially lower RBC levels compared with whole blood, although low residual RBCs were still present. Flow cytometry further confirmed an efficient depletion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), resulting in markedly lower leukocyte content than in plasma obtained by standard centrifugation. The plasma yield reached 3.8 %, corresponding to an extraction rate of 6.5 μL min−1, and hemolysis levels remained comparable to centrifuged samples, indicating preservation of plasma integrity. This established device provides a robust platform for high-purity plasma separation and has a strong potential for point-of-care diagnostic applications.
样品制备是临床诊断的关键步骤，因为血浆必须在分析前从全血中分离出来。传统的离心费时，需要笨重的设备，并且不适合护理点（POC）应用。在这里，我们提出了一种简单和低成本的微流体装置，可以实现连续（不间断流动分离，无需批量处理）和实时（即时流动分离，在线无延迟）的血浆分离，无需外力。通过数值模拟对六种通道几何形状进行了评估，以研究通道侧方向和通道高度对红细胞污染携带的影响。优化后的通道高度为20 μm，减少了再循环区域，增强了惯性聚焦，从而减少了侧通道等离子体出口的RBC污染。然后用标准光刻法和软光刻法制造器件。用全血进行的实验验证表明，该装置在0.05-0.2 mL min-1的流速范围内显著减少了红细胞（RBC）污染，与全血相比，产生的血浆中红细胞水平显著降低，尽管仍存在低残留红细胞。流式细胞术进一步证实了外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）的有效耗竭，导致白细胞含量明显低于标准离心获得的血浆。血浆得率达到3.8%，相当于6.5 μL min-1的提取率，溶血水平与离心后的样品相当，表明血浆的完整性得到了保存。这种已建立的设备为高纯度血浆分离提供了一个强大的平台，并且在即时诊断应用方面具有强大的潜力。
{"title":"Microfluidic device for continuous blood plasma separation from whole blood","authors":"Surendran Velmurugan , Melis Güler Girbas , Can Dincer , Meltem Avci-Adali , Stefan Partel","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sample preparation is a critical step in clinical diagnostics, as plasma must be separated from whole blood before analysis. Conventional centrifugation is time-consuming, require bulky equipment, and is unsuitable for point-of-care (POC) applications. Here, we present a simple and low-cost microfluidic device that achieves continuous (uninterrupted flow separation without batch processing) and real-time (immediate flow separation and inline without delays) plasma separation from undiluted whole human blood without external forces. Six channel geometries were evaluated by numerical simulations to investigate the effects of side-channel orientation and channel height on red blood cell (RBC) contamination carryover. The optimized configuration with a 20-μm channel height, minimized recirculation zones and enhanced inertial focusing, leading to reduced RBC contamination in the side channel plasma outlet. Devices were then fabricated by standard photolithography and soft lithography. Experimental validation with whole human blood demonstrated that the device significantly reduced red blood cell (RBC) contamination across a flow rate range of 0.05–0.2 mL min<sup>−1</sup>, yielding plasma with substantially lower RBC levels compared with whole blood, although low residual RBCs were still present. Flow cytometry further confirmed an efficient depletion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), resulting in markedly lower leukocyte content than in plasma obtained by standard centrifugation. The plasma yield reached 3.8 %, corresponding to an extraction rate of 6.5 μL min<sup>−1</sup>, and hemolysis levels remained comparable to centrifuged samples, indicating preservation of plasma integrity. This established device provides a robust platform for high-purity plasma separation and has a strong potential for point-of-care diagnostic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118404"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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