Pub Date : 1932-02-12DOI: 10.1109/jaiee.1930.6538255
The library is a cooperative activity of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. It is administered for these Founder Societies by the United Engineering Society, as a public reference library of engineering and the allied sciences. It contains 150,000 volumes and pamphlets and receives currently most of the important periodicals in its field. It is housed in the Engineering Societies Building, 29 West Thirty-ninth St., New York. In order to place the resources of the Library at the disposal of those unable to visit it in person, the Library is prepared to furnish lists of references to engineering subjects, copies or translations of articles, and similar assistance. Charges sufficient to cover the cost of this work are made. The Library maintains a collection of modern technical books which may be rented by members residing in North America. A rental of five cents a day, plus transportation, is charged. The Director of the Library will gladly give information concerning charges for the various kinds of service to those interested, hi asking for information, letters should be made as definite as possible, so that the investigator may understand clearly what is desired. The library is open from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. on all week days except holidays throughout the year except during July and August when the hours are 9 a. m. to 6 p. m.
{"title":"Engineering Societies Library","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/jaiee.1930.6538255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jaiee.1930.6538255","url":null,"abstract":"The library is a cooperative activity of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. It is administered for these Founder Societies by the United Engineering Society, as a public reference library of engineering and the allied sciences. It contains 150,000 volumes and pamphlets and receives currently most of the important periodicals in its field. It is housed in the Engineering Societies Building, 29 West Thirty-ninth St., New York. In order to place the resources of the Library at the disposal of those unable to visit it in person, the Library is prepared to furnish lists of references to engineering subjects, copies or translations of articles, and similar assistance. Charges sufficient to cover the cost of this work are made. The Library maintains a collection of modern technical books which may be rented by members residing in North America. A rental of five cents a day, plus transportation, is charged. The Director of the Library will gladly give information concerning charges for the various kinds of service to those interested, hi asking for information, letters should be made as definite as possible, so that the investigator may understand clearly what is desired. The library is open from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. on all week days except holidays throughout the year except during July and August when the hours are 9 a. m. to 6 p. m.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1932-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127880119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1931-03-01DOI: 10.1109/T-AIEE.1931.5055747
J. Duer
This paper covers the electrification program of the Pennsylvania Railroad as recently announced and consists of a brief explanation of the reasons for the decision to embark on this electrification program, a review of the operating experiences leading up to the present designs used on the railroad, of catenary and transmission circuits, substation layout and types of equipment, as well as a description of the progressive steps of electric locomotive design which preceded the development of the electric locomotives to be used in this program, and concludes with a brief resume of the points that should be given attention in applying an electrification to a stretch of railroad.
{"title":"The Pennsylvania railroad electrification","authors":"J. Duer","doi":"10.1109/T-AIEE.1931.5055747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-AIEE.1931.5055747","url":null,"abstract":"This paper covers the electrification program of the Pennsylvania Railroad as recently announced and consists of a brief explanation of the reasons for the decision to embark on this electrification program, a review of the operating experiences leading up to the present designs used on the railroad, of catenary and transmission circuits, substation layout and types of equipment, as well as a description of the progressive steps of electric locomotive design which preceded the development of the electric locomotives to be used in this program, and concludes with a brief resume of the points that should be given attention in applying an electrification to a stretch of railroad.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1931-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114656895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1931-03-01DOI: 10.1109/T-AIEE.1931.5055776
H. C. Griffith
This paper describes the energizing and putting into service of the Pennsylvania electrification project. The normal and desirable procedure of placing an electrification into service is cited, and the departure from it brought about by the difficulties encountered in actual railway operation are explained. The operating practise — functions of the power director, his assistants, substation operators, and foremen in connection with switching operations, grounding circuits, carding of circuits and manner of obtaining releases — is described and illustrated. All of this is very essential to properly coordinate the work and safeguard the personnel of the construction forces, operating forces, and test men during the transition period of completion and placing into operation a railway electrification project.
{"title":"Initiation of an electrification into operation","authors":"H. C. Griffith","doi":"10.1109/T-AIEE.1931.5055776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-AIEE.1931.5055776","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the energizing and putting into service of the Pennsylvania electrification project. The normal and desirable procedure of placing an electrification into service is cited, and the departure from it brought about by the difficulties encountered in actual railway operation are explained. The operating practise — functions of the power director, his assistants, substation operators, and foremen in connection with switching operations, grounding circuits, carding of circuits and manner of obtaining releases — is described and illustrated. All of this is very essential to properly coordinate the work and safeguard the personnel of the construction forces, operating forces, and test men during the transition period of completion and placing into operation a railway electrification project.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1931-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114493383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537540
F. H. Pritchard, F. Konn
The past three years have seen a great increase of activity in the field of a-c. electrification of steam railroads, and consequently much attention has been given to the design of the single-phase traction motors upon which the success of this type of electrification chiefly depends. The object of this paper is to describe the up-to-date motors which have been developed to meet the requirements of modern American railroading.
{"title":"Abridgment of the modern single-phase motor for railroad electrification","authors":"F. H. Pritchard, F. Konn","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537540","url":null,"abstract":"The past three years have seen a great increase of activity in the field of a-c. electrification of steam railroads, and consequently much attention has been given to the design of the single-phase traction motors upon which the success of this type of electrification chiefly depends. The object of this paper is to describe the up-to-date motors which have been developed to meet the requirements of modern American railroading.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126033250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537543
C. J. Holslag
THE development of arc welding apparatus to its present efficient form has been a gradual process of evolution. In the early days all that was thought necessary for arc welding was a source of power which would supply the proper amperage; the ordinary 110-volt line, transformer, or d-c. generator, were considered entirely adequate. These sources of power were used in connection with a resistance or reactance to control the current to the desired value; in fact, at that time the proper amperage was not definitely known. In general it might be stated that the values of current used, particularly for heavier material, was entirely too low.
{"title":"The development of arc welding apparatus: As indicated by the oscillograph","authors":"C. J. Holslag","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537543","url":null,"abstract":"THE development of arc welding apparatus to its present efficient form has been a gradual process of evolution. In the early days all that was thought necessary for arc welding was a source of power which would supply the proper amperage; the ordinary 110-volt line, transformer, or d-c. generator, were considered entirely adequate. These sources of power were used in connection with a resistance or reactance to control the current to the desired value; in fact, at that time the proper amperage was not definitely known. In general it might be stated that the values of current used, particularly for heavier material, was entirely too low.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130654786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537531
M. C. Olson
The paper describes recent developments in design of large hydroelectric generators. New features of mechanical construction made possible by fabricated designs are particularly emphasized and illustrations of some recent machines given. The 77,500-kv-a. generators for the Dneprostroy Project in Russia, (which will be the world's largest hydroelectric generators) are described. In conclusion, some of the future possibilities, such as outdoor machines and multi-speed designs, are discussed.
{"title":"Abridgment of large hydroelectric generators: The trend in design and capacity","authors":"M. C. Olson","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537531","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes recent developments in design of large hydroelectric generators. New features of mechanical construction made possible by fabricated designs are particularly emphasized and illustrations of some recent machines given. The 77,500-kv-a. generators for the Dneprostroy Project in Russia, (which will be the world's largest hydroelectric generators) are described. In conclusion, some of the future possibilities, such as outdoor machines and multi-speed designs, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130232131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537536
A. F. Gorton
From an analysis of precipitation in significant districts of California, it is possible to deduce cycles or recurrences of from 2 to 3 years, from 5 to 6 years, and from 20 to 26 years, these being superimposed upon a longer or secular period of from 50 to 60 years. In this manner an estimate can be made of the rainfall to be expected over a relatively long period — as for the next 10 years; at the present moment, indications point towards greater precipitation and run-off in the period 1930–40 than in the preceding decade. Such estimates are of tremendous economic importance to agricultural interests and irrigation projects — such as the Hoover Dam, which involves storage of vast quantities of water for the creation of electric power and for supplying water to Los Angeles and other portions of southern California. In order to forecast for a year or season at a lime, it is necessary to make a statistical study of meteorological elements (including ocean temperatures) over a wide area during the preceding quarter or six months. Predictions of California rainfall based on the temperatures taken at inshore stations on the South Coast during the summer have been sufficiently successful to justify a continuation of the work. By using composite indexes, it is possible to increase the degree of correlation between computed and observed precipitation to a reasonably high figure.
{"title":"Forecasting seasonal precipitation in California: Its relation to electric power production","authors":"A. F. Gorton","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537536","url":null,"abstract":"From an analysis of precipitation in significant districts of California, it is possible to deduce cycles or recurrences of from 2 to 3 years, from 5 to 6 years, and from 20 to 26 years, these being superimposed upon a longer or secular period of from 50 to 60 years. In this manner an estimate can be made of the rainfall to be expected over a relatively long period — as for the next 10 years; at the present moment, indications point towards greater precipitation and run-off in the period 1930–40 than in the preceding decade. Such estimates are of tremendous economic importance to agricultural interests and irrigation projects — such as the Hoover Dam, which involves storage of vast quantities of water for the creation of electric power and for supplying water to Los Angeles and other portions of southern California. In order to forecast for a year or season at a lime, it is necessary to make a statistical study of meteorological elements (including ocean temperatures) over a wide area during the preceding quarter or six months. Predictions of California rainfall based on the temperatures taken at inshore stations on the South Coast during the summer have been sufficiently successful to justify a continuation of the work. By using composite indexes, it is possible to increase the degree of correlation between computed and observed precipitation to a reasonably high figure.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114570952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537533
J. S. Carroll, Leland H. Brown, D. P. Dinapoli
Corona loss measurements were made on seven different conductor specimens. The losses were measured directly on a three-phase line 700 ft. long by means of three single-phase high-voltage wattmeters. The object of the test was to obtain data for the choice of conductor to be used on a 220-kv. 60-cycle line. The results show the effect of weathering conductors, the comparison of conductors of two different diameters, the effect of size of strands, the method of stranding, and also the effect on new conductors of the change in surface conditions caused by rain and washing.
{"title":"Abridgment of corona loss measurements on a 220-kv. 60-cycle three-phase experimental line","authors":"J. S. Carroll, Leland H. Brown, D. P. Dinapoli","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537533","url":null,"abstract":"Corona loss measurements were made on seven different conductor specimens. The losses were measured directly on a three-phase line 700 ft. long by means of three single-phase high-voltage wattmeters. The object of the test was to obtain data for the choice of conductor to be used on a 220-kv. 60-cycle line. The results show the effect of weathering conductors, the comparison of conductors of two different diameters, the effect of size of strands, the method of stranding, and also the effect on new conductors of the change in surface conditions caused by rain and washing.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123005003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537532
N. Freeman
A review is given of the development of self-propelled railway vehicles which utilize electrical transmission, paying particular attention to the ways and means of regulating the torque demand on the internal combustion engine which serves as the source of power, and the supply of power to the auxiliaries. Two general designs are discussed and classified as “differential field control” and “torque control.” In differentiating between these two systems, two types of differential field control are outlined, giving their major advantages and limitations. The principle of torque control depending upon constant engine speed is discussed, with enumeration of its advantages over previous schemes, permitting as it does the absorption of the entire engine output for any throttle opening and engine speed selected. The differential field control comprises the minimum amount of apparatus consistent with operation of the car or locomotive and its auxiliaries. In connection with this type of control, however, it should be noted that battery charging and air compressor operation cannot be obtained at both operating and idling speeds of the engine. Torque control equipment functions to vary automatically the generator voltage inversely as the current in such a way that the full available power of the engine is utilized; it ads directly on the generator field and has proved its superiority over methods of regulation involving the exciter field. The availability of the auxiliary generator for compressor operation and battery charging when the engine is running under load represents a marked advance in design. The main generator supplies these auxiliaries during idling. The torque control system meets the requirement of any type of engine.
{"title":"Abridgment of control systems for oil- and gasoline-electric locomotives and cars","authors":"N. Freeman","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537532","url":null,"abstract":"A review is given of the development of self-propelled railway vehicles which utilize electrical transmission, paying particular attention to the ways and means of regulating the torque demand on the internal combustion engine which serves as the source of power, and the supply of power to the auxiliaries. Two general designs are discussed and classified as “differential field control” and “torque control.” In differentiating between these two systems, two types of differential field control are outlined, giving their major advantages and limitations. The principle of torque control depending upon constant engine speed is discussed, with enumeration of its advantages over previous schemes, permitting as it does the absorption of the entire engine output for any throttle opening and engine speed selected. The differential field control comprises the minimum amount of apparatus consistent with operation of the car or locomotive and its auxiliaries. In connection with this type of control, however, it should be noted that battery charging and air compressor operation cannot be obtained at both operating and idling speeds of the engine. Torque control equipment functions to vary automatically the generator voltage inversely as the current in such a way that the full available power of the engine is utilized; it ads directly on the generator field and has proved its superiority over methods of regulation involving the exciter field. The availability of the auxiliary generator for compressor operation and battery charging when the engine is running under load represents a marked advance in design. The main generator supplies these auxiliaries during idling. The torque control system meets the requirement of any type of engine.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132717668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537537
C. Wagner
The severity of unsymmetrical system faults is affected by the negative sequence impedance of the connected machines. These impedances in turn depend largely upon the character of damper windings. The paper discusses the effect of amortisseur or damper windings upon both the real and reactive components of the negative sequence impedance. Machines without damper windings possess the highest negative sequence reactance and from this point of view, are the more desirable; but machines with high-resistance damper windings possess the highest negative sequence resistance. Calculations show that combining the effect of resistance and reactance, the high-resistance damper is the more desirable. In the event of system oscillations, low-resistance copper damper windings produce the greatest damping of the mechanical movement; however, this effect is unimportant during and following a system fault except in the rather rare case in which the system is so constituted that pull-out takes place as a result of compound oscillations following a disturbance. Consideration is given also to a special type of double-deck damper winding.
{"title":"Abridgment of damper windings for hydroelectric generators","authors":"C. Wagner","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537537","url":null,"abstract":"The severity of unsymmetrical system faults is affected by the negative sequence impedance of the connected machines. These impedances in turn depend largely upon the character of damper windings. The paper discusses the effect of amortisseur or damper windings upon both the real and reactive components of the negative sequence impedance. Machines without damper windings possess the highest negative sequence reactance and from this point of view, are the more desirable; but machines with high-resistance damper windings possess the highest negative sequence resistance. Calculations show that combining the effect of resistance and reactance, the high-resistance damper is the more desirable. In the event of system oscillations, low-resistance copper damper windings produce the greatest damping of the mechanical movement; however, this effect is unimportant during and following a system fault except in the rather rare case in which the system is so constituted that pull-out takes place as a result of compound oscillations following a disturbance. Consideration is given also to a special type of double-deck damper winding.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122038116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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