Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537542
R. H. Park, W. F. Skeats
This paper shows the conditions affecting the magnitude and rate of rise of recovery voltage at the terminals of an oil circuit breaker upon interruption of a short circuit; also explaining their effect in quantitative terms. The most common locations, and a rough idea of the magnitude of the capacitances affecting the rate of rise of recovery voltage for various types of short circuit, are indicated, and calculations of the recovery voltage curve for several representative cases at both low and high voltages are presented. In some cases cathode ray oscillograms are given for comparison with the calculated curves. While at present no systematic data regarding the effect of the rate of recovery voltage rise upon circuit breaker operation appear to be available, several tests showing a very pronounced effect — some of them made by the authors and some by others — are reported briefly. There are presented factors whose numerical value lakes into account: the number of phases involved in the short circuit and the ground connections of short circuit and generator; the decrement of short-circuit current previous to interruption, and the effect of unequal reactances in the direct and quadrature axes of synchronous machines. The paper also indicates how one may calculate the effect of displacement and initial load current, besides briefly discussing the effect of saturation. Magnetic oscillograms to verify the most important of the points brought out are shown. A discussion of the method by which overvoltages are built up during the interruption of transmission line charging currents is presented at the end of the paper.
{"title":"Abridgment of circuit breaker recovery voltages: Magnitudes and rates of rise","authors":"R. H. Park, W. F. Skeats","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537542","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the conditions affecting the magnitude and rate of rise of recovery voltage at the terminals of an oil circuit breaker upon interruption of a short circuit; also explaining their effect in quantitative terms. The most common locations, and a rough idea of the magnitude of the capacitances affecting the rate of rise of recovery voltage for various types of short circuit, are indicated, and calculations of the recovery voltage curve for several representative cases at both low and high voltages are presented. In some cases cathode ray oscillograms are given for comparison with the calculated curves. While at present no systematic data regarding the effect of the rate of recovery voltage rise upon circuit breaker operation appear to be available, several tests showing a very pronounced effect — some of them made by the authors and some by others — are reported briefly. There are presented factors whose numerical value lakes into account: the number of phases involved in the short circuit and the ground connections of short circuit and generator; the decrement of short-circuit current previous to interruption, and the effect of unequal reactances in the direct and quadrature axes of synchronous machines. The paper also indicates how one may calculate the effect of displacement and initial load current, besides briefly discussing the effect of saturation. Magnetic oscillograms to verify the most important of the points brought out are shown. A discussion of the method by which overvoltages are built up during the interruption of transmission line charging currents is presented at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115946122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537534
J. Calvert
Experience has shown that the forces on turbine generator armature windings during short-circuit conditions are large, and that if adequate consideration is not given to the design of the coil bracing and support, windings may be seriously damaged. In this paper the forces are calculated for a particular case by the use of images, the change of flux interlinkages, and by the ∫ H2 ds over some surface in air which surrounds the conductor under consideration. A new and relatively simple proof is given for the validity of the latter method, the limitations and desirable applications of each method being considered. Forces on conductors in armature slots are computed with saturation both considered and neglected. Approximate formulas are derived for the forces on coil sides within one layer of the conical end winding, and for the straight coil extensions from the slots, with a numerical example given for each of these cases. The applicability of certain of these formulas to the phase connecting rings is pointed out, and the force on the entire conical surface of the end winding discussed qualitatively. Certain desirable features of end winding bracing are mentioned, in most of these cases the instant considered being that following a line-to-neutral short circuit when the maximum possible instantaneous current is flowing.
{"title":"Abridgment of forces in turbine generator stator windings","authors":"J. Calvert","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537534","url":null,"abstract":"Experience has shown that the forces on turbine generator armature windings during short-circuit conditions are large, and that if adequate consideration is not given to the design of the coil bracing and support, windings may be seriously damaged. In this paper the forces are calculated for a particular case by the use of images, the change of flux interlinkages, and by the ∫ H2 ds over some surface in air which surrounds the conductor under consideration. A new and relatively simple proof is given for the validity of the latter method, the limitations and desirable applications of each method being considered. Forces on conductors in armature slots are computed with saturation both considered and neglected. Approximate formulas are derived for the forces on coil sides within one layer of the conical end winding, and for the straight coil extensions from the slots, with a numerical example given for each of these cases. The applicability of certain of these formulas to the phase connecting rings is pointed out, and the force on the entire conical surface of the end winding discussed qualitatively. Certain desirable features of end winding bracing are mentioned, in most of these cases the instant considered being that following a line-to-neutral short circuit when the maximum possible instantaneous current is flowing.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117163072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537548
W. C. Kalb
A greater use of the carbon arc for the production of ultra violet radiation needed in many industrial irradiation processes has been made possible by the recent development of a powerful carbon arc lamp which has a long burning period and supplies radiation of constant intensity.
{"title":"A new carbon arc lamp for industrial applications","authors":"W. C. Kalb","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537548","url":null,"abstract":"A greater use of the carbon arc for the production of ultra violet radiation needed in many industrial irradiation processes has been made possible by the recent development of a powerful carbon arc lamp which has a long burning period and supplies radiation of constant intensity.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133736988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/jaiee.1929.6536110
H. Schiller
By Committee on Production and Application of Light
光的生产和应用委员会
{"title":"Illumination items","authors":"H. Schiller","doi":"10.1109/jaiee.1929.6536110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jaiee.1929.6536110","url":null,"abstract":"By Committee on Production and Application of Light","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123614991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537547
H. Schiller
The University of Detroit football field, on which evenly distributed illumination is produced from 320 kw. of electrical energy, is the latest illustration of this type of outdoor lighting. Its economical practicability has been evidenced by a record crowd at each of the games played there.
{"title":"The latest standard in football illumination","authors":"H. Schiller","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537547","url":null,"abstract":"The University of Detroit football field, on which evenly distributed illumination is produced from 320 kw. of electrical energy, is the latest illustration of this type of outdoor lighting. Its economical practicability has been evidenced by a record crowd at each of the games played there.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128779816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537539
J. L. Clarke
This paper describes the development of the long distance telephone service in Canada, historically, from its inception and the installation of the nucleus of 360 mi., up to and through the present status and lines listed in Table I, to the proposed development represented by Table II, the result of a careful study of calls per day to be expected by 1932. This effort is to provide for traffic requirements in a manner most suitable from a transmission point of view, and to accomplish it with a minimum amount of switching. Much of the engineering work for this is already actively under way and certain work of construction actually commenced. A survey of existing routes and the matter of transmission maintenance discussed.
{"title":"Abridgment of long telephone lines in Canada","authors":"J. L. Clarke","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537539","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of the long distance telephone service in Canada, historically, from its inception and the installation of the nucleus of 360 mi., up to and through the present status and lines listed in Table I, to the proposed development represented by Table II, the result of a careful study of calls per day to be expected by 1932. This effort is to provide for traffic requirements in a manner most suitable from a transmission point of view, and to accomplish it with a minimum amount of switching. Much of the engineering work for this is already actively under way and certain work of construction actually commenced. A survey of existing routes and the matter of transmission maintenance discussed.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132322279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537545
C. Doub
The Reading Company is now electrifying its Philadelphia suburban railroad service, planning it so that the electrification may readily be extended to include through passenger and freight service between Philadelphia and New York City, and Bethlehem and Reading, Pennsylvania. Contract has been made with Philadelphia Electric Company for initial power requirements, and provisions are made for enlarging such supply to serve all of the above enumerated territory. The Railroad Company is constructing substation and transmission facilities to serve the suburban territory by a 12/24/36-kv. three-wire, single-phase, 25-cycle distribution system, with the view to serving the more remote area by superimposing 66-kv. transmission lines upon the initial system, at the time of future extension. The present and proposed system layouts are described, together with the estimated power requirements and the manner in which the railroad system is to be served from the system of the power company.
{"title":"Abridgment of reading suburban electrification: Its power supply facilities","authors":"C. Doub","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537545","url":null,"abstract":"The Reading Company is now electrifying its Philadelphia suburban railroad service, planning it so that the electrification may readily be extended to include through passenger and freight service between Philadelphia and New York City, and Bethlehem and Reading, Pennsylvania. Contract has been made with Philadelphia Electric Company for initial power requirements, and provisions are made for enlarging such supply to serve all of the above enumerated territory. The Railroad Company is constructing substation and transmission facilities to serve the suburban territory by a 12/24/36-kv. three-wire, single-phase, 25-cycle distribution system, with the view to serving the more remote area by superimposing 66-kv. transmission lines upon the initial system, at the time of future extension. The present and proposed system layouts are described, together with the estimated power requirements and the manner in which the railroad system is to be served from the system of the power company.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127821792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537541
H. Jungk
The paper deals with the development of the design of the single-phase series motor and some of the main features in both electrical and mechanical proportions which determine the service capacity in the application of this type of motor to railway electrification. Intensive study and development begun in the early part of 1927 resulted in the production of a single-phase series motor with more than enough capacity to meet the present day requirements of the American railroads. A brief description is given of this motor and of some of the novel features which made this recent progress possible. Since this motor was developed, built, and tested, further possibilities of increasing rating or decreasing the size and weight for the same rating have been found and will result in further progress in the design of the single-phase series motor.
{"title":"Abridgment of progress in the design of the single-phase series motor","authors":"H. Jungk","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537541","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the development of the design of the single-phase series motor and some of the main features in both electrical and mechanical proportions which determine the service capacity in the application of this type of motor to railway electrification. Intensive study and development begun in the early part of 1927 resulted in the production of a single-phase series motor with more than enough capacity to meet the present day requirements of the American railroads. A brief description is given of this motor and of some of the novel features which made this recent progress possible. Since this motor was developed, built, and tested, further possibilities of increasing rating or decreasing the size and weight for the same rating have been found and will result in further progress in the design of the single-phase series motor.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125375921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537008
Arthur Palme
In the last eight years voltage regulation on transformers under sustained load has made rapid strides and found very wide application in extended power systems and on industrial loads. Originally it was found economical to equip for load ratio control only very large transformers using apparatus designed for high currents. This paper describes and compares with earlier developments a novel equipment of low-current rating that has been devised especially to control small blocks of power, thereby greatly widening the economic field of application of load ratio control. Particularly are the electromechanical features of this equipment stressed.
{"title":"Abridgment of transformers with load ratio control","authors":"Arthur Palme","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537008","url":null,"abstract":"In the last eight years voltage regulation on transformers under sustained load has made rapid strides and found very wide application in extended power systems and on industrial loads. Originally it was found economical to equip for load ratio control only very large transformers using apparatus designed for high currents. This paper describes and compares with earlier developments a novel equipment of low-current rating that has been devised especially to control small blocks of power, thereby greatly widening the economic field of application of load ratio control. Particularly are the electromechanical features of this equipment stressed.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130525359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1930-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537009
L. Chubbuck
Metal clad gum filled switchgear has recently been developed using well-known standard American types of round tank, oil tight oil circuit breakers. This metal clad gear has important advantages over previous types of open or cell gear in the features of safety, compactness, service, maintenance and installation. Busses, etc., are mounted on micarta and are insulated and sealed in a gum of high dielectric value. The oil circuit breakers are raised to their bus contacts either by means of a common truck or by individual lifting mechanism per compartment. Very compact accessories, such as oil disconnecting switches, potential transformer assemblies, etc., are used. With the high factor of safety provided for the bus, etc., the old standard double-bus scheme is not necessary as a spare bus, though a transfer bus is valuable to permit inspection of any breaker without interruption of service. A description is given of various installations, including the large isolated-phase, outdoor switchgear under construction at Leaside Station, Toronto.
{"title":"Metal clad gum filled switchgear","authors":"L. Chubbuck","doi":"10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAIEE.1930.6537009","url":null,"abstract":"Metal clad gum filled switchgear has recently been developed using well-known standard American types of round tank, oil tight oil circuit breakers. This metal clad gear has important advantages over previous types of open or cell gear in the features of safety, compactness, service, maintenance and installation. Busses, etc., are mounted on micarta and are insulated and sealed in a gum of high dielectric value. The oil circuit breakers are raised to their bus contacts either by means of a common truck or by individual lifting mechanism per compartment. Very compact accessories, such as oil disconnecting switches, potential transformer assemblies, etc., are used. With the high factor of safety provided for the bus, etc., the old standard double-bus scheme is not necessary as a spare bus, though a transfer bus is valuable to permit inspection of any breaker without interruption of service. A description is given of various installations, including the large isolated-phase, outdoor switchgear under construction at Leaside Station, Toronto.","PeriodicalId":260406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the A.I.E.E.","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1930-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132727284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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