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Let’s celebrate together 25 years of Ambiente & Sociedade 让我们一起庆祝Ambiente & Sociedade成立25周年
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoceditorialvu2022l1ed
P. Jacobi
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引用次数: 0
Monkey, fish, bird and tourists: local actors and global contexts related to conservation in the Amazon 猴子、鱼、鸟和游客:与亚马逊保护相关的当地行动者和全球背景
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210128r1vu2022l3oa
E. D. Á. Coelho, B. Gontijo
Abstract The Amazon has increasingly become a terrain of intense and distinct local and transnational disputes. In the interior of its forests, cut by myriads of rivers, inhabit a variety of peoples that depend on it for their survival. This work analyses the ways in which some local groups deal with issues assigned by global agendas focused on the preservation of the forest. Through the relationship between three species of fauna and tourism, it seeks to understand how these groups locally develop their processes of negotiation and conflict resolution to practice their forms of conservation and development. Years of field research in two protected areas of the Brazilian Amazon provide a reflection on how the forest is inhabited and managed, revealing the ways in which communities and institutions negotiate conflicts of interests regarding conservation and use of the environment.
亚马逊地区日益成为当地和跨国争端激烈而鲜明的地区。在被无数河流切断的森林内部,居住着各种各样的民族,他们依靠森林生存。这项工作分析了一些地方团体处理以保护森林为重点的全球议程所分配的问题的方式。通过三种动物和旅游业之间的关系,它试图了解这些群体如何在当地发展他们的谈判和解决冲突的过程,以实践他们的保护和发展形式。在巴西亚马逊的两个保护区进行了多年的实地研究,对森林的居住和管理方式进行了反思,揭示了社区和机构在保护和利用环境方面谈判利益冲突的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Clean air for a good start: children are the future of the planet 清洁空气是一个良好的开端:儿童是地球的未来
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20220004r1vu2023l1oa
Cleyton Martins da Silva, Danilo Pinto Moreira Junior, João Rogério Borges de Amorim Rodrigues, Bruno Siciliano, G. Arbilla
Abstract In early childhood, air pollution leads to an increased risk of disease, premature death, and development of disruptions. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is considered the classical pollutant of major concern. However, in Brazil, fine particulate monitoring is still limited and restricted to a few cities. Particularly, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, only one automatic station obtains PM2.5 concentrations and publishes the air quality indexes daily. This study is part of the project “Clean air for a good start” managed by the Horizon Citizen Foundation, with the goal of obtaining evidence to set a plan to reduce children exposition to air pollution. Data is shared on a global web platform. Results showed that PM2.5 levels are high when compared with WHO guidelines and coordinated actions would be needed to decrease emissions of primary pollutants and secondary aerosol’s precursors.
在儿童早期,空气污染导致疾病、过早死亡和发育紊乱的风险增加。细颗粒物(PM2.5)被认为是最受关注的经典污染物。然而,在巴西,细颗粒物监测仍然有限,而且仅限于少数几个城市。特别是在里约热内卢市,每天只有一个自动站点获取PM2.5浓度并发布空气质量指数。这项研究是地平线公民基金会管理的“清洁空气为一个好的开始”项目的一部分,其目标是获得证据,以制定减少儿童暴露于空气污染的计划。数据在全球网络平台上共享。结果表明,与世卫组织的指导方针相比,PM2.5水平较高,需要采取协调行动来减少一次污染物和二次气溶胶前体的排放。
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引用次数: 0
Contribuições da percepção ambiental para a sustentabilidade na zona de amortecimento de unidade de conservação 环境意识对保护区缓冲区可持续性的贡献
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20180262r5r1vu2022l4ao
J. Galvão, C. Tedesco
Resumo A área pública, atualmente denominada Floresta Nacional de Passo Fundo, foi criada em 1947 com o objetivo de pesquisar e desenvolver árvores madeiráveis, tendo em vista a grande exploração madeireira nas décadas anteriores. Neste estudo utilizou-se a percepção ambiental, como estratégia de investigação para tentar aclarar aspectos subjetivos da relação homem ambiente, evidenciada na comunidade local, em atual conflito com os gestores da unidade de conservação. Utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa a análise de conteúdo. Apesar de perceberem a Floresta importante para a biodiversidade e qualidade de vida, convivem com situações conflitantes, relacionadas a sua exclusão no planejamento de atividades da UC, bem como a forma pela qual as fiscalizações são realizadas para evitar o plantio de transgênicos no entorno. A percepção tem potencial para elucidar conflitos semelhantes em outras áreas, indicando aos gestores das unidades caminhos para melhorar o relacionamento com a comunidade do entorno.
公共区域,现在称为Passo Fundo国家森林,创建于1947年,目的是研究和开发木材树木,考虑到过去几十年的大规模伐木。在本研究中,我们使用环境感知作为一种研究策略,试图澄清人与环境关系的主观方面,在当地社区中得到证明,目前与保护区管理人员的冲突。我们采用了内容分析的定性方法。尽管他们意识到森林对生物多样性和生活质量很重要,但他们生活在冲突的情况下,这与他们被排除在UC活动规划之外有关,以及如何进行检查以避免在周围种植转基因作物有关。这种看法有可能阐明其他领域的类似冲突,为单位经理指明改善与周围社区关系的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Hegemonies and Resistances in Environmental and Science Teacher Education 环境与科学教师教育中的霸权与反抗
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc202000086r3vu2022l3oa
María Angélica Mejía-Cáceres, L. Freire
Abstract This article argues that the production of monographs can produce new discourses in the curricula of science and environmental education for pre-service teacher education based on emancipatory approaches. We rely on critical discourse studies to understand the relationship between hegemony and emancipation in pre-service teacher education. Twelve monographs of environmental education published between 2015 and 2018 were analyzed. We found some monographs under hegemonic visions of environmental issues such as management, procedural time, mitigation of responsibility, and the search for efficiency. On the other hand, we found other monographs that referred to the struggle, resistance, denunciation, community, and inclusion of popular masses instigating insurgent practices. Likewise, hybrid discourses have constituted discourses in the monographs, which is typical of late modernity. Finally, we propose non-hegemonic ways to include environmental issues in pre-service teacher science education.
摘要本文认为,专著的生产可以在基于解放方法的职前教师教育的科学和环境教育课程中产生新的话语。我们依靠批判话语研究来理解职前教师教育中的霸权与解放的关系。分析了2015 - 2018年间出版的12本环境教育专著。我们发现一些专著在环境问题的霸权视野下,如管理、程序时间、减轻责任和寻求效率。另一方面,我们发现其他专著提到的斗争,抵抗,谴责,社区,并包括人民群众煽动叛乱的做法。同样,混合话语构成了专著中的话语,这是典型的晚期现代性。最后,我们提出了将环境问题纳入职前教师科学教育的非霸权方式。
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引用次数: 0
Ética climática, (in)justiças e limitações do Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais no Brasil 巴西环境服务支付的气候伦理、正义和限制
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210123r2vu2023l2ao
Frederico Salmi, Moara Almeida Canova, Maíra C. G. Padgurschi
Resumo Este artigo analisa, sob a ótica da ética climática, as políticas de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais nas dimensões local (PSA em São Paulo) e nacional (Plano Nacional de PSA) e o nexo indissociável entre a ética e a dimensão política brasileira. Essa conexão remete a uma reflexão teórica entre as políticas de PSA e o confronto de princípios éticos, por vezes antagônicos. As práticas observadas nas arenas políticas brasileiras foram avaliadas via análise de conteúdo à luz das seguintes categorias: Pluralidade decisória, Localidade energética, Acesso ao conhecimento e ao recurso material, Naturalização planejada e Benefício geracional (PLANB Index). As análises dos resultados transferem à urgência de políticas climáticas alinhadas a um horizonte ético normativo que reduza as iniquidades sociais e climáticas simultaneamente, as quais devem considerar, em termos de escala, as perspectivas locais e o tempo de implementação em sintonia com os acordos globais multilaterais.
摘要本文从气候伦理的角度,分析了地方(sao Paulo的pes)和国家(Plano nacional de pes)层面的环境服务支付政策,以及伦理与巴西政治维度之间不可分割的联系。这种联系指的是PSA政策与伦理原则对抗之间的理论反思,有时是对立的。通过内容分析,根据以下类别对巴西政治舞台上观察到的实践进行了评估:决策多元化、能源位置、获取知识和物质资源、计划归化和世代利益(计划指数)。对结果的分析表明,迫切需要制定符合规范伦理视野的气候政策,同时减少社会和气候不平等,这些政策必须在规模、地方视角和执行时间方面符合全球多边协议。
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引用次数: 1
Health impact assessment in the process of implementation of hydroelectric plants: methodological contributions 水力发电厂实施过程中的健康影响评估:方法贡献
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200068r1vu2022l3oa
M. A. Busato, Márcia Grisotti
Abstract Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is defined by the World Health Organization as a methodology that encompasses the identification, prediction and evaluation of expected changes in health risks. Objective: to analyze the contributions of experts on the stages of HIA. Research was carried out with Brazilian specialists on the stages of HIA with regard to the areas where hydroelectric plants are located using an electronic platform. Eighteen specialists from eight higher education institutions in five Brazilian states participated in the study. They indicate that the following aspects must be observed in the HIA: the need to create interdisciplinary and multiprofessional teams; participation of the affected population at all stages; special attention to mental health; and consider the scientific evidence. These aspects contribute to qualify the HIA stages in the implementation and monitoring of new hydroelectric projects.
健康影响评估(HIA)是世界卫生组织定义的一种方法,包括识别、预测和评估健康风险的预期变化。目的:分析专家对HIA分期的贡献。利用电子平台与巴西专家就水力发电厂所在地区的HIA各阶段进行了研究。来自巴西5个州8所高等教育机构的18名专家参与了这项研究。他们指出,在HIA中必须遵守以下方面:需要建立跨学科和多专业的团队;受影响人口在所有阶段的参与;特别注意心理健康;并考虑科学证据。这些方面有助于限定实施和监测新水电项目的HIA阶段。
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引用次数: 0
Práticas tradicionais e desenvolvimento sustentável: indicadores locais de sustentabilidade entre caiçaras e quilombolas da Bocaina 传统做法与可持续发展:caicaras和quilombolas da Bocaina之间的地方可持续发展指标
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210169r1vu2023l1ao
J. Vaitsman, N. S. Duarte, Lenaura Vasconcelos Lobato, Rômulo Paes-Sousa
Resumo O artigo apresenta a metodologia e os resultados de um estudo que propõe um conjunto de indicadores locais para acompanhar a evolução da Agenda 2030 do Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas em comunidades caiçaras e quilombolas no território da Bocaina, nos municípios de Paraty (Rio de Janeiro) e Ubatuba (S.Paulo). O objetivo foi adaptar uma agenda global/nacional ao nível do território e construir indicadores específicos capazes de apreender sua “localização”. Inicialmente foram selecionadas 40 metas da Agenda 2030 adaptadas às condições do território; em seguida, uma pesquisa qualitativa com quilombolas e caiçaras identificou problemas locais para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável e alternativas desenvolvidas para enfrentá-los. Com base nessa pesquisa e em dados secundários com informações socioeconômicas, ambientais e sobre oferta de serviços públicos para essas populações, foram construídos 87 indicadores locais com o objetivo de acompanhar as metas e objetivos da Agenda 2030 no território.
总结这篇文章介绍的方法和研究的结果提出了一系列指标监控的地方可持续发展议程2030联合国caiçaras社区和放逐的地盘Bocaina里约热内卢巴拉市()和Ubatuba (S.Paulo)。其目的是在领土一级调整全球/国家议程,并建立能够了解其“位置”的具体指标。最初选择了40个适应领土条件的2030年议程目标;然后,对“歌伦波拉”和caicaras进行了定性研究,确定了实现可持续发展的当地问题,并开发了解决这些问题的替代方案。根据这项研究和有关社会经济、环境和向这些人口提供公共服务的次级数据,建立了87个地方指标,以监测该领土2030年议程的目标和目标。
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引用次数: 0
Ocean as an interdisciplinary theme in Brazilian basic education 海洋是巴西基础教育的跨学科主题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210134vu2023l2oa
N. Ghilardi-Lopes, M. Motokane, J. Barradas, L. Xavier, Elisa van Sluys Menck, Ana Clara Gomes Franco, Alexander Turra
Abstract There is a great lack of scientific knowledge about the Ocean and a disconnect between scientific knowledge and public understanding of this environment. Considering the importance of Ocean Literacy in society, we illustrate in this study how the complexity and transversality of the Ocean enable disciplinary and interdisciplinary dialogues and reflections in schools. Based on a documental analysis, this work identified the presence and frequency of relationships between the Specific Competencies (SC) of the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC - High School) and the Ocean Literacy Principles, based on contents of the Natural Sciences. Relationships between all the Principles and SC were identified, favored by aspects such as interdisciplinarity, scientific work, social dimension and complexity. Considering the illustrative character of this work, we emphasize the potential of using the Ocean as an integrating theme, the need for educational processes for educators and the planning of school pedagogical proposals.
关于海洋的科学知识非常缺乏,科学知识与公众对海洋环境的理解之间存在脱节。考虑到海洋素养在社会中的重要性,我们在本研究中说明了海洋的复杂性和横向性如何使学校的学科和跨学科对话和反思成为可能。基于文献分析,这项工作确定了国家共同课程基础(BNCC -高中)的特定能力(SC)与基于自然科学内容的海洋素养原则之间关系的存在和频率。确定了所有原则与SC之间的关系,包括跨学科性、科学工作、社会维度和复杂性等方面。考虑到这项工作的说明性,我们强调将海洋作为一个综合主题的潜力,教育工作者对教育过程的需求以及学校教学建议的规划。
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引用次数: 0
Impactos da Covid-19 sobre catadores de materiais recicláveis organizados no Estado de São Paulo 2019冠状病毒病对sao保罗州有组织的垃圾收集者的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210088r1vu2022l2ao
Adalberto Mantovani Martiniano de Azevedo, Jutta Gutberlet, Solange Dias de Araújo, Fabiano Harada Duarte
Resumo Este estudo, realizado com organizações de catadores em 32 municípios do Estado de São Paulo, busca analisar os impactos da Pandemia de Covid-19 sobre as atividades dessas organizações e seus integrantes, incluindo as medidas tomadas pelo governo e outros atores visando aliviar os impactos decorrentes da crise.O referencial teórico discute a relação entre movimentos sociais e políticas públicas, uma vez que catadores organizados interagem com diversos níveis de governo em situações de colaboração e conflito, prestam serviços de gerenciamento de resíduos municipais, sendo frequentes ações coletivas buscando melhorias nessa relação. Pesquisa documental e aplicação de questionários informam sobre as interações dos catadores, evidenciando problemas estruturais e sistêmicos que ganharam relevo com a crise, destacando suas dificuldades, conquistas e reivindicações como movimento social.
这项研究与sao Paulo州32个城市的垃圾收集组织进行,旨在分析Covid-19大流行对这些组织及其成员活动的影响,包括政府和其他行动者为缓解危机造成的影响而采取的措施。理论框架讨论了社会运动和公共政策之间的关系,因为有组织的拾荒者在合作和冲突的情况下与各级政府互动,提供城市垃圾管理服务,经常采取集体行动寻求改善这种关系。文献研究和问卷调查报告了拾荒者的相互作用,突出了结构性和系统性问题,这些问题随着危机而变得突出,突出了他们作为一场社会运动的困难、成就和要求。
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引用次数: 0
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Ambiente & Sociedade
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