Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the most controversial, misinterpreted and misunderstood personality in the South Asian history of Freedom Movement. Not only Indian and British historians but also Pakistanis historians are confused about his sect and beliefs. Jinnah’s figure was buried under the layers of propaganda. This is the most contentious discussed issue in Pakistan among the different scholars. Both right and left wing intellectuals sought legitimacy of their views with the vision of Jinnah, either the Jinnah was secular or Islamist. The object of the purposed research paper is to analyze and understand the Religious Concept of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and also explore his concept of Islam to resolve the problematic condition of the nature of Pakistani state. Contextual interpretation of Struggle Movement has great importance for analyzing the character and active participation of our great leader and also necessary for removing the misunderstandings about his personality. Different historians, intellectuals, scholars and thinkers are doing their best to prove him a secular or Islamist leader according to their own point of view and perception with the references of his speeches, statements, different events of his life and from his works. His personality was interpreted by the historians from different angles and aspects to clear the questions that were raised in their minds about his secularism.
{"title":"Contextual interpretation of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s Concept of Islam","authors":"H. Salim, A. Khan","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v1i1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v1i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the most controversial, misinterpreted and misunderstood personality in the South Asian history of Freedom Movement. Not only Indian and British historians but also Pakistanis historians are confused about his sect and beliefs. Jinnah’s figure was buried under the layers of propaganda. This is the most contentious discussed issue in Pakistan among the different scholars. Both right and left wing intellectuals sought legitimacy of their views with the vision of Jinnah, either the Jinnah was secular or Islamist. The object of the purposed research paper is to analyze and understand the Religious Concept of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and also explore his concept of Islam to resolve the problematic condition of the nature of Pakistani state. Contextual interpretation of Struggle Movement has great importance for analyzing the character and active participation of our great leader and also necessary for removing the misunderstandings about his personality. Different historians, intellectuals, scholars and thinkers are doing their best to prove him a secular or Islamist leader according to their own point of view and perception with the references of his speeches, statements, different events of his life and from his works. His personality was interpreted by the historians from different angles and aspects to clear the questions that were raised in their minds about his secularism.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123839011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Qutb complex in Delhi contains the array of early Sultanate Period Muslim monuments that demonstrate the earliest artwork development stage of Muslim monuments from 12 to 13th century especially the architecture style and the stone carving patterns that exists in the monuments of this complex like in masjid Quwat-ul Islam (1191 A.D), Qutab Minar (1202 A.D), Illttutmish Tomb (1235 A.D), Alai Darwaza (1311 A.D). These splendid monuments have a new architectural style in India. Their beautiful carvings in red sandstone and marble that includes the patterns of arabesque style along with Kufic and Naskh calligraphy, the delicate floral and geometric patterns along with some Hindu motifs that depicts the earliest amalgamation of Hindu and Islamic architecture within the subcontinent. This paper not only aim to explore the architectural plan of this Qutb complex under different monarchs but also the decoration of this Qutb complex, its analysis and the aesthetic changes of design after the amalgamation of two different cultures. This complex is famous not only for its architecture but also for varieties of decorative arts. This paper also attempts to discover not only aesthetics but also the traditional and regional logic for using these motifs. This explorative study is from available historical data and literature. In the end concludes that the amalgamated motifs of decoration was excellent experiment and first addition in the design vocabulary of Indo-Muslim art and architecture. These designs provide serenity and majestic feelings to these monuments and in whole to Qutb complex.
{"title":"The Architecture plan of Qutb Complex (Delhi) and its Decoration Analysis","authors":"S. Khan, Muhammad Bilal","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v1i1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v1i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"The Qutb complex in Delhi contains the array of early Sultanate Period Muslim monuments that demonstrate the earliest artwork development stage of Muslim monuments from 12 to 13th century especially the architecture style and the stone carving patterns that exists in the monuments of this complex like in masjid Quwat-ul Islam (1191 A.D), Qutab Minar (1202 A.D), Illttutmish Tomb (1235 A.D), Alai Darwaza (1311 A.D). These splendid monuments have a new architectural style in India. Their beautiful carvings in red sandstone and marble that includes the patterns of arabesque style along with Kufic and Naskh calligraphy, the delicate floral and geometric patterns along with some Hindu motifs that depicts the earliest amalgamation of Hindu and Islamic architecture within the subcontinent. This paper not only aim to explore the architectural plan of this Qutb complex under different monarchs but also the decoration of this Qutb complex, its analysis and the aesthetic changes of design after the amalgamation of two different cultures. This complex is famous not only for its architecture but also for varieties of decorative arts. This paper also attempts to discover not only aesthetics but also the traditional and regional logic for using these motifs. This explorative study is from available historical data and literature. In the end concludes that the amalgamated motifs of decoration was excellent experiment and first addition in the design vocabulary of Indo-Muslim art and architecture. These designs provide serenity and majestic feelings to these monuments and in whole to Qutb complex.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130105925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Generally, the teaching process is a very important for the development of society, but especially for those who are seeking for spiritual guidance and knowledge. In this article a leader is based on a premier, mentor or a teacher plays a vital role to provide the specific kind of knowledge because an ordinary person does not have a full command on the deep myth of Sufis and Sufism. The proposed research through the deductive method of research emphasizes the need and position of spiritual mentor and their responsibilities to meet the modern demands of millions young generation. Mulana Rumi and Sultan Bahoo both were the great personalities of their ages. They were prominent, in their sayings, poetry and teachings well known and followed for their reality and perfection of sou. The author will throw light on the qualities and abilities of the spiritual mentors as well as their efforts to bring eminent change in the behaviour of society and their followers. The proper includes that a spiritual mentor is unable to provide reinforcement mechanisms to satisfy the curiosity in a specific framework of the actual teachings of mentioned above personalities. She may not be considered as real religious or spiritual mentor. Hence, there is a core need of the exploration of new dimensions to open new doors of spiritualty for the people and Islamic societies.
{"title":"Need and Significance of Guidance by Spiritual Mentor in the Teachings of Mulana Rumi & Sultan Bahoo","authors":"Asma Naz","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v1i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v1i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, the teaching process is a very important for the development of society, but especially for those who are seeking for spiritual guidance and knowledge. In this article a leader is based on a premier, mentor or a teacher plays a vital role to provide the specific kind of knowledge because an ordinary person does not have a full command on the deep myth of Sufis and Sufism. The proposed research through the deductive method of research emphasizes the need and position of spiritual mentor and their responsibilities to meet the modern demands of millions young generation. Mulana Rumi and Sultan Bahoo both were the great personalities of their ages. They were prominent, in their sayings, poetry and teachings well known and followed for their reality and perfection of sou. The author will throw light on the qualities and abilities of the spiritual mentors as well as their efforts to bring eminent change in the behaviour of society and their followers. The proper includes that a spiritual mentor is unable to provide reinforcement mechanisms to satisfy the curiosity in a specific framework of the actual teachings of mentioned above personalities. She may not be considered as real religious or spiritual mentor. Hence, there is a core need of the exploration of new dimensions to open new doors of spiritualty for the people and Islamic societies.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122674343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Rohingya Muslims are living as the minority in Myanmar from a long time. Yet, they always faced discriminatory behaviour of Buddhist majority community and the government. The violation activities against minorities at sectarian basis continued from a long time but currently increased a lot. As a result, thousands of Rohingya refugees migrated towards other areas to protect their lives especially in Bangladesh. The proposed research is an attempt to investigate the real causes and consequences about Rohingya crises in Myanmar. The Rohingya ethnic cleansing mission started after the attack of the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) on the military of Myanmar. For the analysis of Human rights violation has been used deductive and qualitative research method through which find out the role of internal power of Myanmar and the international leaders and institutions to stop violence against Rohingya Muslims and the their ethnic cleansing
{"title":"Human Rights Violation and Persecution of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar","authors":"Safdar Alia, F. Ali, Muhammad Atif","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v1i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v1i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"The Rohingya Muslims are living as the minority in Myanmar from a long time. Yet, they always faced discriminatory behaviour of Buddhist majority community and the government. The violation activities against minorities at sectarian basis continued from a long time but currently increased a lot. As a result, thousands of Rohingya refugees migrated towards other areas to protect their lives especially in Bangladesh. The proposed research is an attempt to investigate the real causes and consequences about Rohingya crises in Myanmar. The Rohingya ethnic cleansing mission started after the attack of the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) on the military of Myanmar. For the analysis of Human rights violation has been used deductive and qualitative research method through which find out the role of internal power of Myanmar and the international leaders and institutions to stop violence against Rohingya Muslims and the their ethnic cleansing","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126832122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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