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Contextual interpretation of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s Concept of Islam 真纳伊斯兰概念的语境解读
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.52700/pjh.v1i1.23
H. Salim, A. Khan
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the most controversial, misinterpreted and misunderstood personality in the South Asian history of Freedom Movement. Not only Indian and British historians but also Pakistanis historians are confused about his sect and beliefs. Jinnah’s figure was buried under the layers of propaganda. This is the most contentious discussed issue in Pakistan among the different scholars. Both right and left wing intellectuals sought legitimacy of their views with the vision of Jinnah, either the Jinnah was secular or Islamist. The object of the purposed research paper is to analyze and understand the Religious Concept of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and also explore his concept of Islam to resolve the problematic condition of the nature of Pakistani state. Contextual interpretation of Struggle Movement has great importance for analyzing the character and active participation of our great leader and also necessary for removing the misunderstandings about his personality. Different historians, intellectuals, scholars and thinkers are doing their best to prove him a secular or Islamist leader according to their own point of view and perception with the references of his speeches, statements, different events of his life and from his works. His personality was interpreted by the historians from different angles and aspects to clear the questions that were raised in their minds about his secularism.
真纳是南亚自由运动史上最具争议、最被曲解和误解的人物。不仅印度和英国的历史学家,巴基斯坦的历史学家也对他的教派和信仰感到困惑。真纳的形象被层层的宣传所掩盖。这是巴基斯坦不同学者讨论的最具争议的问题。右翼和左翼知识分子都在真纳的视野中寻求他们观点的合法性,真纳要么是世俗的,要么是伊斯兰的。本文的目的是分析和理解真纳的宗教观念,并探讨真纳的伊斯兰教观念,以解决巴基斯坦国家性质的问题。《斗争运动》的语境解读对于分析我国伟大领袖的性格和积极参与具有重要意义,对于消除对其性格的误解也是必要的。不同的历史学家、知识分子、学者和思想家都在根据他们自己的观点和看法,通过参考他的演讲、声明、他生活中的不同事件和他的作品,尽最大努力证明他是一个世俗的或伊斯兰主义的领导人。史家们从不同的角度和角度解读他的人格,以澄清他们心中对他的世俗主义的疑问。
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引用次数: 0
The Architecture plan of Qutb Complex (Delhi) and its Decoration Analysis 库特布综合大楼(德里)的建筑方案及其装饰分析
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.52700/pjh.v1i1.21
S. Khan, Muhammad Bilal
The Qutb complex in Delhi contains the array of early Sultanate Period Muslim monuments that demonstrate the earliest artwork development stage of Muslim monuments from 12 to 13th century especially the architecture style and the stone carving patterns that exists in the monuments of this complex like in masjid Quwat-ul Islam (1191 A.D), Qutab Minar (1202 A.D), Illttutmish Tomb (1235 A.D), Alai Darwaza (1311 A.D). These splendid monuments have a new architectural style in India. Their beautiful carvings in red sandstone and marble that includes the patterns of arabesque style along with Kufic and Naskh calligraphy, the delicate floral and geometric patterns along with some Hindu motifs that depicts the earliest amalgamation of Hindu and Islamic architecture within the subcontinent. This paper not only aim to explore the architectural plan of this Qutb complex under different monarchs but also the decoration of this Qutb complex, its analysis and the aesthetic changes of design after the amalgamation of two different cultures. This complex is famous not only for its architecture but also for varieties of decorative arts. This paper also attempts to discover not only aesthetics but also the traditional and regional logic for using these motifs. This explorative study is from available historical data and literature. In the end concludes that the amalgamated motifs of decoration was excellent experiment and first addition in the design vocabulary of Indo-Muslim art and architecture. These designs provide serenity and majestic feelings to these monuments and in whole to Qutb complex.
德里的库特布建筑群包含一系列早期苏丹时期的穆斯林纪念碑,展示了12至13世纪穆斯林纪念碑最早的艺术发展阶段,特别是建筑风格和石雕图案,存在于该建筑群的纪念碑中,如清真寺Quwat-ul Islam(公元1191年),Qutab Minar(公元1202年),illtutmiish墓(公元1235年),Alai Darwaza(公元1311年)。这些壮丽的纪念碑在印度有一种新的建筑风格。他们美丽的红色砂岩和大理石雕刻,包括阿拉伯式风格的图案,以及库菲克和纳什克书法,精致的花卉和几何图案以及一些印度教图案,描绘了印度和伊斯兰教建筑在次大陆上最早的融合。本文不仅探讨了库特布建筑群在不同君主统治下的建筑规划,还探讨了库特布建筑群的装饰、分析以及两种不同文化融合后的设计美学变化。这个建筑群不仅以其建筑而闻名,而且以各种装饰艺术而闻名。本文试图揭示这些母题的使用不仅具有美学意义,而且具有传统逻辑和地域逻辑。这项探索性研究来自于现有的历史数据和文献。最后得出结论,装饰图案的融合是对印度-穆斯林艺术和建筑设计语汇的一次极好的尝试和首次补充。这些设计为这些纪念碑和整个库特布建筑群提供了宁静和雄伟的感觉。
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引用次数: 0
Need and Significance of Guidance by Spiritual Mentor in the Teachings of Mulana Rumi & Sultan Bahoo 穆拉纳·鲁米和苏丹·巴胡教导中精神导师指导的必要性和意义
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.52700/pjh.v1i1.18
Asma Naz
Generally, the teaching process is a very important for the development of society, but especially for those who are seeking for spiritual guidance and knowledge. In this article a leader is based on a premier, mentor or a teacher plays a vital role to provide the specific kind of knowledge because an ordinary person does not have a full command on the deep myth of Sufis and Sufism. The proposed research through the deductive method of research emphasizes the need and position of spiritual mentor and their responsibilities to meet the modern demands of millions young generation. Mulana Rumi and Sultan Bahoo both were the great personalities of their ages. They were prominent, in their sayings, poetry and teachings well known and followed for their reality and perfection of sou. The author will throw light on the qualities and abilities of the spiritual mentors as well as their efforts to bring eminent change in the behaviour of society and their followers. The proper includes that a spiritual mentor is unable to provide reinforcement mechanisms to satisfy the curiosity in a specific framework of the actual teachings of mentioned above personalities. She may not be considered as real religious or spiritual mentor. Hence, there is a core need of the exploration of new dimensions to open new doors of spiritualty for the people and Islamic societies.
一般来说,教学过程对社会的发展是非常重要的,尤其是对那些寻求精神指导和知识的人来说。在这篇文章中,领导者是基于总理,导师或老师起着至关重要的作用,提供特定的知识,因为一个普通人不完全掌握苏菲派和苏菲主义的深层神话。通过研究的演绎方法,强调精神导师的需要、地位和责任,以满足千百万年轻一代的现代需求。穆拉纳·鲁米和苏丹·巴胡都是他们那个时代的伟大人物。他们是杰出的,他们的言论、诗歌和教义因其真实和完美的苏而为人所熟知和追随。作者将阐明精神导师的品质和能力,以及他们为社会及其追随者的行为带来显著变化的努力。适当的包括精神导师无法提供强化机制来满足上述人格的实际教导的特定框架中的好奇心。她可能不被认为是真正的宗教或精神导师。因此,核心需要探索新的维度,为人民和伊斯兰社会打开精神的新大门。
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引用次数: 0
Human Rights Violation and Persecution of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar 缅甸罗兴亚穆斯林遭受侵犯人权和迫害
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.52700/pjh.v1i1.22
Safdar Alia, F. Ali, Muhammad Atif
The Rohingya Muslims are living as the minority in Myanmar from a long time. Yet, they always faced discriminatory behaviour of Buddhist majority community and the government. The violation activities against minorities at sectarian basis continued from a long time but currently increased a lot. As a result, thousands of Rohingya refugees migrated towards other areas to protect their lives especially in Bangladesh. The proposed research is an attempt to investigate the real causes and consequences about Rohingya crises in Myanmar. The Rohingya ethnic cleansing mission started after the attack of the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) on the military of Myanmar. For the analysis of Human rights violation has been used deductive and qualitative research method through which find out the role of internal power of Myanmar and the international leaders and institutions to stop violence against Rohingya Muslims and the their ethnic cleansing
罗兴亚穆斯林在缅甸作为少数民族生活了很长时间。然而,他们一直面临着来自佛教社区和政府的歧视行为。以宗派为基础的对少数民族的侵犯活动长期存在,但目前增加了很多。结果,成千上万的罗兴亚难民迁移到其他地区,以保护他们的生命,特别是在孟加拉国。拟议的研究是试图调查缅甸罗兴亚危机的真正原因和后果。罗兴亚人种族清洗行动是在若开罗兴亚救世军袭击缅甸军队后开始的。对于侵犯人权的分析,采用了演绎和定性研究的方法,通过这些方法找出缅甸内部权力和国际领导人和机构在制止对罗兴亚穆斯林的暴力行为及其种族清洗方面的作用
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引用次数: 0
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PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY
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