The causes of rising populism and collapse of the left-right ideological paradigms termed “death of ideology” is important development on election canvas. This trend in recent decades has been described as hybrid party politics. The neo-liberal discourse in hybrid regime shape party politics with free market values, issues of inequality, denial of social justice, and crises of freedom are rampant. Consequently, hybrid party politics perpetuate systemic deprivation and chronic punishment to marginalized sections. The fast penetration of neoliberal and populist elements quickly fused into multi-layered public pedagogy. The common political discourse propounds for quick solutions to seek legitimacy with expanding corporate power constantly. The socioeconomic inequalities consequence of expanding neo-liberal values in all spheres like education and electoral practices have recently started crucially influencing urban socio-political environment that shape populist narratives in electoral arena. Neoliberal-populists leadership promote free market policies that push forward neoliberal populist rhetoric across political parties of different shades. The combination of neo-liberalism and populism thrives on subjects who perceive it solution to their problems. Thus, fast penetrating market-centric subjectivities consider alternative subjectivities outside perimeters of social dignity therefore political inclusiveness becomes subject to connection with power. The educative public pedagogy has been at the base of rising populism unfolding hybrid party politics
{"title":"History and the Future of the Hybrid Party Politics in Neoliberal Age: A Case of Pakistan","authors":"Amir Zia Raja, Mudassir Mukhtar, Waseem Ishaque","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.76","url":null,"abstract":"The causes of rising populism and collapse of the left-right ideological paradigms termed “death of ideology” is important development on election canvas. This trend in recent decades has been described as hybrid party politics. The neo-liberal discourse in hybrid regime shape party politics with free market values, issues of inequality, denial of social justice, and crises of freedom are rampant. Consequently, hybrid party politics perpetuate systemic deprivation and chronic punishment to marginalized sections. The fast penetration of neoliberal and populist elements quickly fused into multi-layered public pedagogy. The common political discourse propounds for quick solutions to seek legitimacy with expanding corporate power constantly. The socioeconomic inequalities consequence of expanding neo-liberal values in all spheres like education and electoral practices have recently started crucially influencing urban socio-political environment that shape populist narratives in electoral arena. \u0000Neoliberal-populists leadership promote free market policies that push forward neoliberal populist rhetoric across political parties of different shades. The combination of neo-liberalism and populism thrives on subjects who perceive it solution to their problems. Thus, fast penetrating market-centric subjectivities consider alternative subjectivities outside perimeters of social dignity therefore political inclusiveness becomes subject to connection with power. The educative public pedagogy has been at the base of rising populism unfolding hybrid party politics","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128702182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As human beings we stand on the edge of two truths: the existing material world and the Spiritual being world. The knowing heart is the holy place, where these two dimensions meets and combined. In Sufi lessons the mortal heart of human is not an imaginary symbol but an objective organ of perception and intuition that reflect transcendent qualities in the world, for the assistance and help of other people. The Sufis, mystics of Islam, have been mentors of the heart for almost fourteen centuries. Their education and techniques purpose is to stimulate us and help us to wake up and clean the self for Divine love. Sufism is the spiritual dimension of Islam. According to Sufism, there are two aspects of Islam: the outer part, which consists of the Shari‘ah (the rules of Islamic law), and the inner part, so-called tariqah (the spiritual way). Together, these aspects lead one to haqiqah (the Truth). Sufism is another term for tariqah. This paper is an attempt to understand Sufism knowledge (true knowledge) and how this knowledge is related in world and with ChaharBagh (Garden of Paradise) concept, “symbolic interpretation of paradise garden” which is used by the Muslims in architecture. Sufism explains us that it is possible to understand the world beyond our thoughts. Those who dedicate themselves in Sufim exercise and practices eventually discover the state they can see things as real and true as they are or when you worship God as though you can see him.
{"title":"Knowledge of Sufism and the Symbolic Interpretation of Paradise Garden Design Concept","authors":"Sonia Nasir Khan, Muhammad Ahsan Bilal","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.74","url":null,"abstract":"As human beings we stand on the edge of two truths: the existing material world and the Spiritual being world. The knowing heart is the holy place, where these two dimensions meets and combined. In Sufi lessons the mortal heart of human is not an imaginary symbol but an objective organ of perception and intuition that reflect transcendent qualities in the world, for the assistance and help of other people. The Sufis, mystics of Islam, have been mentors of the heart for almost fourteen centuries. Their education and techniques purpose is to stimulate us and help us to wake up and clean the self for Divine love. Sufism is the spiritual dimension of Islam. According to Sufism, there are two aspects of Islam: the outer part, which consists of the Shari‘ah (the rules of Islamic law), and the inner part, so-called tariqah (the spiritual way). Together, these aspects lead one to haqiqah (the Truth). Sufism is another term for tariqah. This paper is an attempt to understand Sufism knowledge (true knowledge) and how this knowledge is related in world and with ChaharBagh (Garden of Paradise) concept, “symbolic interpretation of paradise garden” which is used by the Muslims in architecture. Sufism explains us that it is possible to understand the world beyond our thoughts. Those who dedicate themselves in Sufim exercise and practices eventually discover the state they can see things as real and true as they are or when you worship God as though you can see him.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116066361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Middle East, a Muslim majority region in the Asian continent, has remained a centre for territorial and extraterritorial powers to secure their strategic interests significantly to access oil reserves in the region. Israel and the United States are two examples respectively. In the wake of securing strategic interests, these states tried to interfere the polity of the Muslim states that infuriated most of the Muslim leaders to such an extent that they had to go for aggressive measures to negate the influence of these interest-seekers. Iran has been leading the Muslim states in the region and has strived hard for integrating Muslim leadership. During this process of regional integration, a special focus has been paid to deal Israel-an important strategic ally of the US in the region and permanent threat for the neighbouring Muslim states. The current circumstances, causes and effects are the product of Arab-Israel wars and most of these have been cashed in by Iran for the security of its interests in the region. Iran has facilitated the Muslim states, particularly Lebanon, to counter the Israeli strategies. It has erected Hezbollah-the party of God- in Lebanon whose effective presence has always restricted Israel from advancing to the region. Since its inception in 1985, Iranian backed Hezbollah has opposed the Israeli motives in the Middle East. Ideological similarities between Iran and Hezbollah have never allowed Israel to manipulate the region. Hezbollah has been in a war-like situation with Israel and has fought a couple of wars which have not only guaranteed a guard for Hezbollah’s campaign against Israel but also have paved the way for Iran to maintain hegemony in the region. This research has been conducted with a primary objective to analyse the Israel-Hezbollah conflict and the strategic approach of Iran towards the particular conflict.
{"title":"Iran’s Strategic Approach towards the Israel-Hezbollah Conflict","authors":"Muhammad Shamshad, Farooq Arshad","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.73","url":null,"abstract":"The Middle East, a Muslim majority region in the Asian continent, has remained a centre for territorial and extraterritorial powers to secure their strategic interests significantly to access oil reserves in the region. Israel and the United States are two examples respectively. In the wake of securing strategic interests, these states tried to interfere the polity of the Muslim states that infuriated most of the Muslim leaders to such an extent that they had to go for aggressive measures to negate the influence of these interest-seekers. Iran has been leading the Muslim states in the region and has strived hard for integrating Muslim leadership. During this process of regional integration, a special focus has been paid to deal Israel-an important strategic ally of the US in the region and permanent threat for the neighbouring Muslim states. The current circumstances, causes and effects are the product of Arab-Israel wars and most of these have been cashed in by Iran for the security of its interests in the region. Iran has facilitated the Muslim states, particularly Lebanon, to counter the Israeli strategies. It has erected Hezbollah-the party of God- in Lebanon whose effective presence has always restricted Israel from advancing to the region. Since its inception in 1985, Iranian backed Hezbollah has opposed the Israeli motives in the Middle East. Ideological similarities between Iran and Hezbollah have never allowed Israel to manipulate the region. Hezbollah has been in a war-like situation with Israel and has fought a couple of wars which have not only guaranteed a guard for Hezbollah’s campaign against Israel but also have paved the way for Iran to maintain hegemony in the region. This research has been conducted with a primary objective to analyse the Israel-Hezbollah conflict and the strategic approach of Iran towards the particular conflict. ","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126641576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Creative brains are kept only by sensitive creatures, and the most empathetic are of those associated with visual arts fields, affected even by a minor stir in their surroundings, which is reflected in their creative endeavours. They sub consciously interpret their time. Unpleasantness of war or situations analogous to war have always left a negative mark on their aesthetic interpretations. History is replete with such examples. But the most stunningly heinous transgressions were exercised by modern mechanisms of war that violated ethics par human perception. The era shattered beliefs of man on humanitarian values. It also caused transformation in the field of aesthetics which is beyond human comprehension. The metamorphosis was so rapid that it brought aesthetics and beauty at antithetical stages, which led the French artist Paul Duchamp to display a urinal as a piece of sculpture in an art exhibition. Hence, weirdness replaced beauty; logical delineations substituted the abstruse, and crafty ousted the artistic, still protected under the umbrella of art. It is labelled as modern, subjective or abstract but not viewed as a repercussion of war trauma. The paper will be exploratory research to probe reasons behind the apparently unreasoned transformations delineated through art. Modern art specimens of post-war era along with those resulted from a few chaotic situations will be analysed to draw conclusions. It will be based on deductive methods of reasoning to scrutinise history, psychology and the field of art in order to comprehend the impact and reactions of war trauma on sensitive souls of artists that led them to transform the entire visual field of aesthetics.
{"title":"Metamorphosis of Aesthetic Visual Culture, an Aftermath of War","authors":"Mamoona Khan","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.71","url":null,"abstract":"Creative brains are kept only by sensitive creatures, and the most empathetic are of those associated with visual arts fields, affected even by a minor stir in their surroundings, which is reflected in their creative endeavours. They sub consciously interpret their time. Unpleasantness of war or situations analogous to war have always left a negative mark on their aesthetic interpretations. History is replete with such examples. But the most stunningly heinous transgressions were exercised by modern mechanisms of war that violated ethics par human perception. The era shattered beliefs of man on humanitarian values. It also caused transformation in the field of aesthetics which is beyond human comprehension. The metamorphosis was so rapid that it brought aesthetics and beauty at antithetical stages, which led the French artist Paul Duchamp to display a urinal as a piece of sculpture in an art exhibition. Hence, weirdness replaced beauty; logical delineations substituted the abstruse, and crafty ousted the artistic, still protected under the umbrella of art. It is labelled as modern, subjective or abstract but not viewed as a repercussion of war trauma. The paper will be exploratory research to probe reasons behind the apparently unreasoned transformations delineated through art. Modern art specimens of post-war era along with those resulted from a few chaotic situations will be analysed to draw conclusions. It will be based on deductive methods of reasoning to scrutinise history, psychology and the field of art in order to comprehend the impact and reactions of war trauma on sensitive souls of artists that led them to transform the entire visual field of aesthetics. ","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122829165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was designed to find out the effect of frequent Testing on students’ test anxiety scores in research method course at university level. The study was expected to predict the worry and emotional factor scores of test anxiety on frequent testing. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was used in this study. Two intact groups were selected from department of science education, University of the Punjab, Lahore. The researcher has adopted the test anxiety Inventory by Spielberger (1980) to find out the students’ test anxiety. The reliability was analyzed through the pilot testing of the instrument. The interventional group was manipulated by frequent testing. The control group was assessed by conventional method. Both groups were compared on test anxiety scores. After analyzing the data, it was observed that both groups experience the same test anxiety in regard to worry and emotional factor. Frequent testing did not effect the test anxiety of students in research method course. Stakeholders and evaluators will benefit from the information gathered on how to lessen test anxiety in order to improve the teaching-learning process in classroom. To strengthen the teaching and learning process in classrooms, it is necessary to increase confidence in prospective teachers.
{"title":"Effect of Frequent Testing on Students’ Test Anxiety at University Level","authors":"Bushra Haleem, Muhammad Saeed","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.69","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to find out the effect of frequent Testing on students’ test anxiety scores in research method course at university level. The study was expected to predict the worry and emotional factor scores of test anxiety on frequent testing. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was used in this study. Two intact groups were selected from department of science education, University of the Punjab, Lahore. The researcher has adopted the test anxiety Inventory by Spielberger (1980) to find out the students’ test anxiety. The reliability was analyzed through the pilot testing of the instrument. The interventional group was manipulated by frequent testing. The control group was assessed by conventional method. Both groups were compared on test anxiety scores. After analyzing the data, it was observed that both groups experience the same test anxiety in regard to worry and emotional factor. Frequent testing did not effect the test anxiety of students in research method course. Stakeholders and evaluators will benefit from the information gathered on how to lessen test anxiety in order to improve the teaching-learning process in classroom. To strengthen the teaching and learning process in classrooms, it is necessary to increase confidence in prospective teachers.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133321101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study attempted to examine the socio-cultural factors which create problems in female primary education; to determine the role of families/parents in female primary education and to examine the lack of school facilities that creates hindrance in the school enrolment of the children. The study population of the study was all parents whose children were primary school age by using the interview schedule. The researcher used the stratified simple random sampling and selected the 300 respondents for the study. The researcher used the SPSS software and did the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings of the study show that majority 155 (51.7) percent of the respondents were uneducated; majority 85(23.3) percent of the respondents whose monthly income was <6000; majority 95 (31.7) percent of the respondents were laborers; culture is significantly and positively correlated with parental and school facilities with p-values .011 and .000 respectively; furthermore, the parental attitude was significantly and positively correlated with school facilities with p-value .000. The results of ANOVA showed that the levels of cultural, parental, and school facilities among different academic qualifications of the household. The findings show that there is a significant difference in the levels of cultural, parental, and school facilities among different academic qualifications of the household with p-values .000, .000, and .000 respectively. The findings showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of cultural, parental, and school facilities among different monthly income levels of the household with p-values .000; .000, and .000 respectively. The study recommended that government may have to pay attention in the studied area; construct new schools, give scholarships to needy students and start awareness seminars at the local level.
{"title":"Challenges and Issues of Female Primary Education: A Case Study of Rajanpur, Pakistan","authors":"Zahid Zulfiqar, Kamran Ishfaq, Sajid Pervez","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.70","url":null,"abstract":"The study attempted to examine the socio-cultural factors which create problems in female primary education; to determine the role of families/parents in female primary education and to examine the lack of school facilities that creates hindrance in the school enrolment of the children. The study population of the study was all parents whose children were primary school age by using the interview schedule. The researcher used the stratified simple random sampling and selected the 300 respondents for the study. The researcher used the SPSS software and did the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings of the study show that majority 155 (51.7) percent of the respondents were uneducated; majority 85(23.3) percent of the respondents whose monthly income was <6000; majority 95 (31.7) percent of the respondents were laborers; culture is significantly and positively correlated with parental and school facilities with p-values .011 and .000 respectively; furthermore, the parental attitude was significantly and positively correlated with school facilities with p-value .000. The results of ANOVA showed that the levels of cultural, parental, and school facilities among different academic qualifications of the household. The findings show that there is a significant difference in the levels of cultural, parental, and school facilities among different academic qualifications of the household with p-values .000, .000, and .000 respectively. The findings showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of cultural, parental, and school facilities among different monthly income levels of the household with p-values .000; .000, and .000 respectively. The study recommended that government may have to pay attention in the studied area; construct new schools, give scholarships to needy students and start awareness seminars at the local level.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130206648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The innocent people of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) continuously struggled for the protection of their lives. In most of the areas which are under the administrative control of Indian Military, the survival of Kashmiris is becoming more challenging due to the imposed social, political and economic sanctions posed by the Indian government. The first part of this paper examines the historical legacy of Kashmir and the middle of the paper attempts to highlight how the people are demanding their rights as well as freedom from the Indian troops. Even thou, the international media has highlighted and unveiled the true picture of Indian brutality and the open murder of Kashmiri public. But, unfortunately the world community is still salient and watching the cruel actions taken by the Indian forces in the valley. Overall, this paper attempts to highlight the analytical approach about the history, status, equity and struggle of freedom of the Kashmiris.
{"title":"An Analysis of Historical and Political Evolution of Kashmir State","authors":"A. Shaikh, Safdar Ali","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.68","url":null,"abstract":"The innocent people of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) continuously struggled for the protection of their lives. In most of the areas which are under the administrative control of Indian Military, the survival of Kashmiris is becoming more challenging due to the imposed social, political and economic sanctions posed by the Indian government. The first part of this paper examines the historical legacy of Kashmir and the middle of the paper attempts to highlight how the people are demanding their rights as well as freedom from the Indian troops. Even thou, the international media has highlighted and unveiled the true picture of Indian brutality and the open murder of Kashmiri public. But, unfortunately the world community is still salient and watching the cruel actions taken by the Indian forces in the valley. Overall, this paper attempts to highlight the analytical approach about the history, status, equity and struggle of freedom of the Kashmiris.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132063159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing water scarcity in India and Pakistan and emerging climatic and environmental changes to the Indus basin rivers system are causing a great stress on smoothing working of Indus water treaty 1960. Pakistan Being a lower riparian, facing the issue as to how to reinterpret the Indus Waters Treaty without giving up its water rights. The paper discusses that following the inbuilt constraints of a lower riparian, Pakistan need to adopt a multi-pronged strategy following water rationale to secure its water rights within the scope of the treaty. For this; effective implementation and enhancement of Article VI, VII, constructive diplomatic and political strategy,efficient water uses and sustainable water resource management in Indus-Pakistan.
{"title":"Indus Water Treaty: Challenges and Prospects","authors":"Shoket Ali, Amir Ahmed Khuhro","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.67","url":null,"abstract":"The growing water scarcity in India and Pakistan and emerging climatic and environmental changes to the Indus basin rivers system are causing a great stress on smoothing working of Indus water treaty 1960. Pakistan Being a lower riparian, facing the issue as to how to reinterpret the Indus Waters Treaty without giving up its water rights. The paper discusses that following the inbuilt constraints of a lower riparian, Pakistan need to adopt a multi-pronged strategy following water rationale to secure its water rights within the scope of the treaty. For this; effective implementation and enhancement of Article VI, VII, constructive diplomatic and political strategy,efficient water uses and sustainable water resource management in Indus-Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122793713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eurocentric imperialism incorporated the non-European geographical region in the economic and political milieu of Europe and made the world a global whole. To Mitchel Foucault, the process started with endo-colonization of European people and advent of rational governance exercises experimented first in European states and later exported to non-western regions. The study aims to analyze the different outcomes of European governmentality in European core and non-European periphery and changing subjectivities and cognitions in non-European world with ruptures accompanied by European modernity. The theoretical frame and conceptual toolkit of Archaeology/Genealogy, Governmentality, Power/knowledge etc. are borrowed from Michel Foucault the postmodern historian of ideas. For analytical purpose, the concept of Archeological historicity is linked with World System approach as employed by Lenin and Immanuel Wallerstein. The analytical scheme is to describe events in longue durée from sixteenth century; record shifts in the core Europe, and parallel shifts in peripheral colonial/postcolonial world, to understand the material and discursive conditions of existence. The finding of research is that events and processes lead to different outcomes in core and periphery. A two-level comparison is made: the comparison of European Core with two peripheral regions, i.e., British India and British Nigeria and comparison of two peripheral regions incorporated in the world system as reservoirs of raw material and market
{"title":"Impact of Imperial Discourses on Changing Subjectivities in Core and Periphery: A Study of British India and British Nigeria","authors":"Rafida Nawaz, Syed Hussain Murtaza","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.66","url":null,"abstract":"Eurocentric imperialism incorporated the non-European geographical region in the economic and political milieu of Europe and made the world a global whole. To Mitchel Foucault, the process started with endo-colonization of European people and advent of rational governance exercises experimented first in European states and later exported to non-western regions. The study aims to analyze the different outcomes of European governmentality in European core and non-European periphery and changing subjectivities and cognitions in non-European world with ruptures accompanied by European modernity. The theoretical frame and conceptual toolkit of Archaeology/Genealogy, Governmentality, Power/knowledge etc. are borrowed from Michel Foucault the postmodern historian of ideas. For analytical purpose, the concept of Archeological historicity is linked with World System approach as employed by Lenin and Immanuel Wallerstein. The analytical scheme is to describe events in longue durée from sixteenth century; record shifts in the core Europe, and parallel shifts in peripheral colonial/postcolonial world, to understand the material and discursive conditions of existence. The finding of research is that events and processes lead to different outcomes in core and periphery. A two-level comparison is made: the comparison of European Core with two peripheral regions, i.e., British India and British Nigeria and comparison of two peripheral regions incorporated in the world system as reservoirs of raw material and market","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126793789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article focuses on the origins and evolution of the Indo-Persian decoration "Paisley," as well as the use of this flowery linear pattern on textiles such as shawls, table wraps, and carpets. Paisley has gone through many stages in its evolution, including the Iranian art period and the Indo-Subcontinent phase (Mughal era). The intrinsic nature of the decoration is shown via a comparative research technique that defines Indo-Persian motif features. This article looked at the primary ornamental elements of the paisley pattern, which are floral and geometrical in nature, and how they are used in Iran and Kashmir. Finally, this article discusses how, because of Paisley's growing and blooming character, it is often a prominent ornament in the most important works of enrichment and plays an accentuation role in the decoration of textile surfaces. Paisley, a masterpiece, is especially linked to techniques for conveying the aesthetic brilliance of the pattern used in many cultures.
{"title":"Cultural Diversity: Aesthetic Analysis of Persian and Kashmiri Paisley Ornaments","authors":"Fatima Zahra, Seyedeh Samaneh Fatemi","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.61","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the origins and evolution of the Indo-Persian decoration \"Paisley,\" as well as the use of this flowery linear pattern on textiles such as shawls, table wraps, and carpets. Paisley has gone through many stages in its evolution, including the Iranian art period and the Indo-Subcontinent phase (Mughal era). The intrinsic nature of the decoration is shown via a comparative research technique that defines Indo-Persian motif features. This article looked at the primary ornamental elements of the paisley pattern, which are floral and geometrical in nature, and how they are used in Iran and Kashmir. Finally, this article discusses how, because of Paisley's growing and blooming character, it is often a prominent ornament in the most important works of enrichment and plays an accentuation role in the decoration of textile surfaces. Paisley, a masterpiece, is especially linked to techniques for conveying the aesthetic brilliance of the pattern used in many cultures.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132133547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：