Oral history is one of the branches of the discipline of history which is based on verbal accounts and verbal traditions of histography. Folklore is an essential element of oral history to build an alternative history. Generally, folklore presents a different point of view form the written history. Folklore presents the wishes and emotions of common people while written history. In many cases fulfill the ruling elite class. So, it can be concluded that to understand role of the people of Punjab during the war of independence. The study of the Punjabi folklore and folk songs is inevitable for it
{"title":"Punjabi Folklore and The War of Independence 1857-58","authors":"Turab-ul-Hassan Sargana","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v3i1.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v3i1.102","url":null,"abstract":"Oral history is one of the branches of the discipline of history which is based on verbal accounts and verbal traditions of histography. Folklore is an essential element of oral history to build an alternative history. Generally, folklore presents a different point of view form the written history. Folklore presents the wishes and emotions of common people while written history. In many cases fulfill the ruling elite class. So, it can be concluded that to understand role of the people of Punjab during the war of independence. The study of the Punjabi folklore and folk songs is inevitable for it","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128760208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed for developing a model for in-service training for science teachers of secondary schools keeping in view deficiencies and drawbacks found in the existing model. The population consisted of 2191 secondary school science teachers of Southern Punjab and the sample consisted of 724 trainees who were imparted training under Science Education Project (SEP) in the years 2002 and 2003 from four districts Multan, Layyah, Khanewal and Lodhran that were selected by random sampling technique. The questionnaire was developed that comprised 38 items including one open-ended question regarding suggestions for improving the INSET programme. The items of the questionnaire were developed regarding various indicators like reason of participation, use of teaching method, use of A.V. Aids and information regarding the commencement of INSET. The major findings and conclusion of the study were: (i) trainees participated for their professional growth (ii) the lecture method was frequently used and (iii) trainees were informed before the commencement of the training course. They also suggested that INSET should be conducted by using modern methods of teaching at the local or tehsil level. Relevant subject teachers and highly qualified master trainers should be nominated for INSET. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data. The proposed Model of INSET for secondary school science teachers was developed on the basis of findings, conclusions and recommendations.
{"title":"Development of A Model For the in-Service Training of Secondary School Science Teachers","authors":"Muhammad Akram Shah, Maryam Hussain, Sabad Gul","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v3i1.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v3i1.100","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed for developing a model for in-service training for science teachers of secondary schools keeping in view deficiencies and drawbacks found in the existing model. The population consisted of 2191 secondary school science teachers of Southern Punjab and the sample consisted of 724 trainees who were imparted training under Science Education Project (SEP) in the years 2002 and 2003 from four districts Multan, Layyah, Khanewal and Lodhran that were selected by random sampling technique. The questionnaire was developed that comprised 38 items including one open-ended question regarding suggestions for improving the INSET programme. The items of the questionnaire were developed regarding various indicators like reason of participation, use of teaching method, use of A.V. Aids and information regarding the commencement of INSET. The major findings and conclusion of the study were: (i) trainees participated for their professional growth (ii) the lecture method was frequently used and (iii) trainees were informed before the commencement of the training course. They also suggested that INSET should be conducted by using modern methods of teaching at the local or tehsil level. Relevant subject teachers and highly qualified master trainers should be nominated for INSET. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data. The proposed Model of INSET for secondary school science teachers was developed on the basis of findings, conclusions and recommendations. ","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117000690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghanta-Ghar has been considered a marked distinction of British Architecture indicating a symbolic centrality of imperial administration and reflecting the cultural, religious and political acumen of the imperial mind in the town planning of an administrative center. This symbolic erection has been used as means of expressing wealth, power, manifestation of authority and influence of empire. Multan as an important and central point of Southern Punjab came under the British empire in the mid of 19th century. The British erected urban and religious establishments to exhibit their power, authority, wealth and control. Multan has been a rich region with a strong legacy of architectural heritage from the oldest hindu times to the time of British’s Muslim predecessors. However, British contributed significantly to that heritage. Northbrook Tower and Ripon Hall (Ghanta-Ghar Multan) is one of the major Imperial administrative establishments in Multan constructed with a blend of the English and Indian (synthesis of Indian and Mughal) architecture between 1884 to 1888 CE. According to Francoise Dasques, the clock tower was built using Anglo Indian, Indo Saracenic and Greeko-Roman patterns. The purpose of this paper is analyze the structure, style and approach of the Ghanta-Ghar establishgment, along with exploring the tradition of clock towers in India by the British and amalgamation of native & European built environment. Hence the paper highlights the elements and features used in architectural scheme of the building and explains the nature of its structure with a contribution-assessment of use and compatibility of native/indigenous and foreign techniques and materials The paper explains the advent of British in Multan and its construction in the area very briefly while it explains the history, construction of Northbrook Clock tower and Ripon Hall, its construction style, structural pattern, and decorative material in detail. The study analyses the elements of the building separately comparing with other colonial and Mughal structures. Drawings, photos of the building and terminologies has been used in the paper to make the study easier and understandable.
{"title":"Northbrook Clock Tower and Ripon Hall: History and Architecture of Ghanta-Ghar Multan, Pakistan","authors":"Abdul Basit, Muhammad Shafique","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v3i1.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v3i1.98","url":null,"abstract":"Ghanta-Ghar has been considered a marked distinction of British Architecture indicating a symbolic centrality of imperial administration and reflecting the cultural, religious and political acumen of the imperial mind in the town planning of an administrative center. This symbolic erection has been used as means of expressing wealth, power, manifestation of authority and influence of empire. Multan as an important and central point of Southern Punjab came under the British empire in the mid of 19th century. The British erected urban and religious establishments to exhibit their power, authority, wealth and control. Multan has been a rich region with a strong legacy of architectural heritage from the oldest hindu times to the time of British’s Muslim predecessors. However, British contributed significantly to that heritage. Northbrook Tower and Ripon Hall (Ghanta-Ghar Multan) is one of the major Imperial administrative establishments in Multan constructed with a blend of the English and Indian (synthesis of Indian and Mughal) architecture between 1884 to 1888 CE. According to Francoise Dasques, the clock tower was built using Anglo Indian, Indo Saracenic and Greeko-Roman patterns. The purpose of this paper is analyze the structure, style and approach of the Ghanta-Ghar establishgment, along with exploring the tradition of clock towers in India by the British and amalgamation of native & European built environment. Hence the paper highlights the elements and features used in architectural scheme of the building and explains the nature of its structure with a contribution-assessment of use and compatibility of native/indigenous and foreign techniques and materials The paper explains the advent of British in Multan and its construction in the area very briefly while it explains the history, construction of Northbrook Clock tower and Ripon Hall, its construction style, structural pattern, and decorative material in detail. The study analyses the elements of the building separately comparing with other colonial and Mughal structures. Drawings, photos of the building and terminologies has been used in the paper to make the study easier and understandable.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121895617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to investigate the various ideologies embedded within the language of the primary English textbooks (SNC-2020) of grades (1-3). It also inquires the supportive role of these ideologies for the children in the process to get an education. This is qualitative research, the data is collected from the primary English textbooks (SNC-2020) of grades (1-3). The latent qualitative content analysis under the theoretical framework of 3D CDA Modal (Fairclough, 2001) reveal the ethical and Pakistani cultural ideologies and themes. The findings show the prominent themes are ethics in home and school, discipline attitude and good manners the children follow in the culture of Pakistan. The sophisticated and positive attitude of the children in the social, home and educational institutions reflects ethical values as the prominent feature of productive positive social being. Moreover, the critical discourse analysis of the qualitative data uncovers the different ethical and Pakistani cultural ideologies. These ideologies reflect the ethical and scheduled attitude of the children because they are shown to help the poor, share things, respect elders, be punctual and honest, keep cleanliness, does homework, save resources, play and study side by side. Consequently, this facilitates the process to get the education and the children get the idea from the textbooks to study at home along with following the ethical activities. The future researcher may explore the linguistic role of these textbooks to teach four skills of language.
{"title":"Exploring Ideologies in Primary English Textbook (SNC-2020): A Critical Discourse Analysis","authors":"Mamona Yasmin Khan, Abida Ali","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v3i1.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v3i1.99","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to investigate the various ideologies embedded within the language of the primary English textbooks (SNC-2020) of grades (1-3). It also inquires the supportive role of these ideologies for the children in the process to get an education. This is qualitative research, the data is collected from the primary English textbooks (SNC-2020) of grades (1-3). The latent qualitative content analysis under the theoretical framework of 3D CDA Modal (Fairclough, 2001) reveal the ethical and Pakistani cultural ideologies and themes. The findings show the prominent themes are ethics in home and school, discipline attitude and good manners the children follow in the culture of Pakistan. The sophisticated and positive attitude of the children in the social, home and educational institutions reflects ethical values as the prominent feature of productive positive social being. Moreover, the critical discourse analysis of the qualitative data uncovers the different ethical and Pakistani cultural ideologies. These ideologies reflect the ethical and scheduled attitude of the children because they are shown to help the poor, share things, respect elders, be punctual and honest, keep cleanliness, does homework, save resources, play and study side by side. Consequently, this facilitates the process to get the education and the children get the idea from the textbooks to study at home along with following the ethical activities. The future researcher may explore the linguistic role of these textbooks to teach four skills of language.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131370926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Umair, Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh, Kashif Saeed
This paper examines the nexus of disaggregated energy consumption and industrial output in Pakistan. The annual time series data over the period 1990-2019 has been taken for current research. ARDL technique has been employed for empirical analysis. The results show that oil consumption, electricity consumption and gas consumption are positively and significantly connected with the industrial output in long run. Similarly, trade openness, labour and capital also have the same association with the industrial output and have significant outcomes in the long run. The results of Granger causality show that there exists a unidirectional causality from electricity consumption to industrial output. The study concludes that oil, gas and electricity are contributing a large share in industrial growth so that it would be made an effort to install the plants relevant with these energy sources to meet the affordable demand in the industry sector.
{"title":"A Historical and Econometric Analysis of Energy Consumption and Industrial Output in Pakistan (1990-2019)","authors":"Muhammad Umair, Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh, Kashif Saeed ","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.79","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the nexus of disaggregated energy consumption and industrial output in Pakistan. The annual time series data over the period 1990-2019 has been taken for current research. ARDL technique has been employed for empirical analysis. The results show that oil consumption, electricity consumption and gas consumption are positively and significantly connected with the industrial output in long run. Similarly, trade openness, labour and capital also have the same association with the industrial output and have significant outcomes in the long run. The results of Granger causality show that there exists a unidirectional causality from electricity consumption to industrial output. The study concludes that oil, gas and electricity are contributing a large share in industrial growth so that it would be made an effort to install the plants relevant with these energy sources to meet the affordable demand in the industry sector.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129294838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Asif Amjad, Nabila Asghar, Hafeez-ur-Rehman
Covid-19 Pandemic proved to be very dangerous and catastrophic in the entire history of mankind. It affected every corner of the world within less than a year. It changed the lifestyle and paralyzed all modern technology and killed millions of people around the globe. This study presents the historical overview of major world pandemics and Covid-19 as well. It also examines the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on inflation and on other sectors of Pakistan's economy. The results reveal that covid-19 is the main culprit responsible for double digit inflation and slow economic growth in Pakistan. The present study explores that during 2020 high inflation was due to world lock down while in 2021 the main cause of inflation was persistent increase in oil prices, food shortage, political instability in Afghanistan and devaluation of Pakistan’s rupee. The results indicate that Covid-19 affects adversely every sector of Pakistan economy. The study suggests that government should pay proper attention to health of the general public and implement suitable policies to stabilize the economic growth.
{"title":"Historical Aspect of Inflation in Pre and Post Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Asif Amjad, Nabila Asghar, Hafeez-ur-Rehman","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.80","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 Pandemic proved to be very dangerous and catastrophic in the entire history of mankind. It affected every corner of the world within less than a year. It changed the lifestyle and paralyzed all modern technology and killed millions of people around the globe. This study presents the historical overview of major world pandemics and Covid-19 as well. It also examines the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on inflation and on other sectors of Pakistan's economy. The results reveal that covid-19 is the main culprit responsible for double digit inflation and slow economic growth in Pakistan. The present study explores that during 2020 high inflation was due to world lock down while in 2021 the main cause of inflation was persistent increase in oil prices, food shortage, political instability in Afghanistan and devaluation of Pakistan’s rupee. The results indicate that Covid-19 affects adversely every sector of Pakistan economy. The study suggests that government should pay proper attention to health of the general public and implement suitable policies to stabilize the economic growth.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"13 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130871782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to examine social constructivism as a learning theory and its implications for teaching methods, student motivation, and the whole teaching/learning process. Social constructivism is a collaborative learning approach that emphasizes student involvement, discussion, and knowledge exchange. According to social constructionism, we never know universally true or untrue, good or bad, right or wrong. Each of us invents our universe based on our impressions of reality. Language, communication, and speech are social constructions in social constructionism and occupy a pivotal position in the interactive process we comprehend the world and ourselves. It is the teacher's responsibility to use learner-centered and collaborative teaching approaches. The underlying factor is that students collaborate in groups to share ideas, solve problems, or create something new to add to their existing knowledge. This learning theory stresses active interaction among learners, the teacher, and other components of the teaching-learning process rather than teacher monotony in the classroom. It also exhibits pupils to remember facts they uncover and construct themselves rather than those the teacher tells them.
{"title":"Social Constructivism: A New Paradigm in Teaching and Learning Environment","authors":"Amna Saleem, Huma Kausar, Farah Deeba","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.86","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine social constructivism as a learning theory and its implications for teaching methods, student motivation, and the whole teaching/learning process. Social constructivism is a collaborative learning approach that emphasizes student involvement, discussion, and knowledge exchange. According to social constructionism, we never know universally true or untrue, good or bad, right or wrong. Each of us invents our universe based on our impressions of reality. Language, communication, and speech are social constructions in social constructionism and occupy a pivotal position in the interactive process we comprehend the world and ourselves. It is the teacher's responsibility to use learner-centered and collaborative teaching approaches. The underlying factor is that students collaborate in groups to share ideas, solve problems, or create something new to add to their existing knowledge. This learning theory stresses active interaction among learners, the teacher, and other components of the teaching-learning process rather than teacher monotony in the classroom. It also exhibits pupils to remember facts they uncover and construct themselves rather than those the teacher tells them.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126534398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The name of Pakistani historians I.H. Qureshi, K.K.Aziz and Ayesha Jallal are highly praised for their work on the history of Pakistan. They adopted different research patterns for their research and introduced the new directions for historiography. The research methodology of each is different to other. The work of I. H. Qurushi consider the authentic source of Pakistani historiography but K.K. Aziz criticized the work of former author and believes that Pakistani classic research work and text books are full of wrong information and do not provide the reasonable and rational guidance to the new generation. But Ayesh Jallal the new famous and appreciated Pakistani historian took the next step in the field of historiography and introduced the method of focusing on the factors which forced the circumstances to shift interests and make history different. They contributed well to improve the Pakistani writing style and make Pakistani historiography up to date so that it will compete the worldwide history works.
{"title":"Post –Modern Trends of Historiography in Pakistan","authors":"Sumaira Mahboob, Asmat Naz","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.77","url":null,"abstract":"The name of Pakistani historians I.H. Qureshi, K.K.Aziz and Ayesha Jallal are highly praised for their work on the history of Pakistan. They adopted different research patterns for their research and introduced the new directions for historiography. The research methodology of each is different to other. The work of I. H. Qurushi consider the authentic source of Pakistani historiography but K.K. Aziz criticized the work of former author and believes that Pakistani classic research work and text books are full of wrong information and do not provide the reasonable and rational guidance to the new generation. But Ayesh Jallal the new famous and appreciated Pakistani historian took the next step in the field of historiography and introduced the method of focusing on the factors which forced the circumstances to shift interests and make history different. They contributed well to improve the Pakistani writing style and make Pakistani historiography up to date so that it will compete the worldwide history works.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"16 14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127710533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been very little research done on the topic of eco-friendly HRM practices in the oil and gas business, despite its theoretical importance. By looking at the causes and consequences of green human resource management in Pakistani oil and gas companies, we try to address this knowledge gap. The PLS approach was used to evaluate the data received from 121 managers. It was found that top-level management support and environmental orientation are prerequisites to implementing green human resource management. Second, we discovered that implementing green human resource management increased employee satisfaction with job, organizational commitment, and environmental performance. Because it provides new insights into green human resource management as well as a roadmap for accomplishing sustainable development goals, this study is important both theoretically and practically.
{"title":"The Historical Role of Work Social Support and Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) and Innovation Capabilities","authors":"Zeeshan Rasool, Jawad Iqbal, Ali Junaid Khan","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.78","url":null,"abstract":"There has been very little research done on the topic of eco-friendly HRM practices in the oil and gas business, despite its theoretical importance. By looking at the causes and consequences of green human resource management in Pakistani oil and gas companies, we try to address this knowledge gap. The PLS approach was used to evaluate the data received from 121 managers. It was found that top-level management support and environmental orientation are prerequisites to implementing green human resource management. Second, we discovered that implementing green human resource management increased employee satisfaction with job, organizational commitment, and environmental performance. Because it provides new insights into green human resource management as well as a roadmap for accomplishing sustainable development goals, this study is important both theoretically and practically.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115443989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adnan Rahman, Sania Muneer, Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Khan
The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the impact of the Shimla Agreement on the application of the United Nations’ resolution on Jammu and Kashmir with special reference to the International law. The conflict of Jammu and Kashmir has been a longstanding conflict for right to self-determination for people of Jammu and Kashmir. There are almost twenty resolutions of the UNSC and UNCIP on Jammu and Kashmir and the issue is still pending in the United Nations Security Council. However, there has been a debate on the impact of the Shimla agreement on the applicability and validity of the resolutions of the United Nations in post 1972 scenario. This paper will critically analyze and objectively review the various legal dimensions of the Shimla Agreement in juxtaposition with the leading principles of International law as well as decisions of the ICJ on similar matters. Moreover, this paper will also analyze the nature, scope and applicability of the resolutions of the UNSC and UNCIP in the light of the International law. The findings of this research work are based upon the critical review of the existing literature on the Shimla Agreement and its impact on the UN Resolutions. This study will suggest the effective analysis and will address all the questions pertaining to the nature, scope and legal impact of the Shimla Agreement on the nature and scope of applicability of UN Resolutions on Jammu and Kashmir. This study can be very useful and relevant in future to analyze the nature of the Shimla agreement and the binding nature and applicability of the resolutions of the United Nations on Jammu and Kashmir.
{"title":"Impact of Shimla Agreement on the Application of UN Resolutions on Jammu and Kashmir: A Critical Analysis under International Law","authors":"Adnan Rahman, Sania Muneer, Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Khan","doi":"10.52700/pjh.v2i2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v2i2.75","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the impact of the Shimla Agreement on the application of the United Nations’ resolution on Jammu and Kashmir with special reference to the International law. The conflict of Jammu and Kashmir has been a longstanding conflict for right to self-determination for people of Jammu and Kashmir. There are almost twenty resolutions of the UNSC and UNCIP on Jammu and Kashmir and the issue is still pending in the United Nations Security Council. However, there has been a debate on the impact of the Shimla agreement on the applicability and validity of the resolutions of the United Nations in post 1972 scenario. This paper will critically analyze and objectively review the various legal dimensions of the Shimla Agreement in juxtaposition with the leading principles of International law as well as decisions of the ICJ on similar matters. Moreover, this paper will also analyze the nature, scope and applicability of the resolutions of the UNSC and UNCIP in the light of the International law. The findings of this research work are based upon the critical review of the existing literature on the Shimla Agreement and its impact on the UN Resolutions. This study will suggest the effective analysis and will address all the questions pertaining to the nature, scope and legal impact of the Shimla Agreement on the nature and scope of applicability of UN Resolutions on Jammu and Kashmir. This study can be very useful and relevant in future to analyze the nature of the Shimla agreement and the binding nature and applicability of the resolutions of the United Nations on Jammu and Kashmir.","PeriodicalId":261451,"journal":{"name":"PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116289036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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