IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121185

Depeng Gong , Jiurong Li , Yujie Luo , Zhanbo Wang , Chaocan Zhang

To address the urgent demand for efficient catalyst systems in biodiesel production, this study proposes a one-step carbonization-sulfonation strategy to overcome the challenges of complex multi-step processes and prolonged preparation cycles of traditional carbon-based monolithic catalysts. A monolithic carbon-based solid acid reactor with high catalytic activity and excellent fluid dynamic properties was successfully constructed. The reactor not only preserves low pressure drop, prolonged flow paths, and high throughput inherent advantages of monolithic aerogels, but also constructs strong acidic active sites on the inner pore surfaces via in-situ sulfonation. Furthermore, partial graphitization is induced to enhance skeletal stability and mass transfer capabilities. The catalyst exhibited outstanding performance in the continuous esterification of oleic acid with methanol, achieving a conversion rate of 95.3 %, a turnover frequency of 20.37 min⁻¹, low activation energy (22.26 kJ/mol), excellent reproducibility, and rapid regenerability. Extension experiments demonstrated its applicability to a range of fatty acid esterification reactions. Furthermore, through 3D multiphysics coupled simulations, the synergistic mechanism of mass transfer and reaction within the reactor was systematically revealed, with theoretical models showing excellent agreement with experimental results. This provides valuable theoretical guidance for reactor design and process optimization. This study establishes a paradigm of combining experimental validation with theoretical modeling. It offers a high-performance catalytic reactor solution for continuous biodiesel production and opens new pathways for the green and efficient preparation as well as industrial application of carbon-based monolithic catalysts.

为了解决生物柴油生产中对高效催化剂系统的迫切需求，本研究提出了一步碳化-磺化策略，以克服传统碳基单片催化剂复杂的多步骤工艺和长周期制备的挑战。成功构建了具有高催化活性和优异流体力学性能的整体式碳基固体酸反应器。该反应器不仅保留了整体气凝胶的低压降、长流道、高通量等固有优点，而且通过原位磺化在内孔表面构建了强酸性活性位点。此外，部分石墨化可以增强骨骼稳定性和传质能力。该催化剂在油酸与甲醇的连续酯化反应中表现出优异的性能，转化率为95.3%，周转频率为20.37 min−1，活化能低（22.26 kJ/mol），重现性好，可再生性快。扩展实验证明该方法适用于一系列脂肪酸酯化反应。通过三维多物理场耦合模拟，系统揭示了反应器内传质与反应的协同机理，理论模型与实验结果吻合良好。这为反应器设计和工艺优化提供了有价值的理论指导。本研究建立了实验验证与理论建模相结合的研究范式。为连续生产生物柴油提供了一种高性能的催化反应器解决方案，为碳基整体式催化剂的绿色高效制备和工业应用开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Monolithic ‘sulfo-graphene’ cathodes: Towards ultrastable high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries 单片“亚砜-石墨烯”阴极：迈向超稳定高性能锂硫电池

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121177

Avinash Kothuru , Gil Daffan , Adam Cohen , Fernando Patolsky

Sulfur has garnered significant attention as a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, owing to its exceptionally high theoretical capacity, low cost, abundant natural availability, and environmentally benign characteristics. Despite these advantages, its widespread commercial adoption remains limited due to critical challenges, including sulfur's inherently low electrical conductivity and rapid capacity degradation during cycling. This study presents a novel, scalable, and straightforward approach to effectively address these limitations in sulfur-based cathodes for lithium battery applications. We introduce a unique synthetic pathway based on low-power laser irradiation to produce three-dimensional, highly porous ‘sulfo-graphene’ monolithic cathodes, featuring molecularly-dispersed and covalently-anchored sulfur species. By irradiating a sulfur–carbon polymer precursor blend under optimized conditions, a self-standing, ‘sulfo-graphene’ monolithic structure is synthesized, capable of covalently anchoring sulfur molecular adducts within the nascent graphene framework. The resulting 3D porous sulfo-graphene architecture provides a large surface area, thus enhancing electrolyte wetting, facilitating efficient ion transport, and accommodating the volumetric expansion typically associated with sulfur cathodes during cycling. This design also effectively immobilizes molecular sulfur species through covalent anchoring, significantly mitigating the detrimental polysulfide shuttle-effect. The synthesized sulfo-graphene monolithic cathodes exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance, including exceptional cycling stability—retaining 100 % of their initial capacity after over more than 1100 cycles. Additionally, the electrodes sustain high sulfur areal loadings (1–10 mg cm⁻²), and sulfur mass contents exceeding 70 %, aligning with the requirements of practical, real-world battery applications. Importantly, this unique sulfo-graphene monolithic structure can be considered as a new form of carbon-sulfur molecular structure, where the graphene framework is covalently decorated by elemental sulfur molecular adducts, leading to a ‘giant’ high-sulfur containing graphene molecular derivative. The simplicity, scalability, and versatility of this single-step laser-driven synthesis process open new pathways for the cost-effective production of high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. This advancement marks a substantial step toward the development of next-generation energy storage systems, with broad applicability across portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale storage solutions.

硫由于其极高的理论容量、低成本、丰富的自然可用性和环保特性，作为锂离子电池极具前景的正极材料，已经引起了人们的广泛关注。尽管有这些优势，但由于硫固有的低导电性和循环过程中的快速容量退化等关键挑战，其广泛的商业应用仍然受到限制。这项研究提出了一种新颖的、可扩展的、直接的方法来有效地解决锂电池应用中硫基阴极的这些限制。我们介绍了一种基于低功率激光照射的独特合成途径，以生产三维，高多孔的“亚砜-石墨烯”整体阴极，具有分子分散和共价锚定的硫种。通过在优化条件下辐照硫碳聚合物前体混合物，合成了一种独立的“亚砜-石墨烯”整体结构，能够在新生的石墨烯框架内共价锚定硫分子加合物。由此产生的三维多孔亚砜-石墨烯结构提供了大的表面积，从而增强了电解质润湿，促进了高效的离子传输，并适应了循环过程中通常与硫阴极相关的体积膨胀。该设计还通过共价锚定有效地固定了分子硫物种，显著减轻了有害的多硫穿梭效应。合成的亚砜-石墨烯单片阴极具有出色的电化学性能，包括卓越的循环稳定性，在超过1100次循环后仍能保持100%的初始容量。此外，电极可维持高硫面负荷（1-10 mg cm - 2），硫质量含量超过70%，符合实际电池应用的要求。重要的是，这种独特的亚砜-石墨烯整体结构可以被认为是碳硫分子结构的一种新形式，其中石墨烯框架被单质硫分子加合物共价修饰，导致“巨大”的高硫石墨烯分子衍生物。这种单步激光驱动合成工艺的简单性、可扩展性和多功能性为高性能锂硫电池的经济高效生产开辟了新的途径。这一进步标志着下一代能源存储系统的发展迈出了实质性的一步，在便携式电子产品、电动汽车和电网规模的存储解决方案中具有广泛的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

The sp2-sp3 dynamic transformation driving nanodiamond film growth on Ti-coated carbon fiber: Mechanistic insights sp2-sp3动态转变驱动ti涂层碳纤维上纳米金刚石薄膜生长的机理研究

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121204

Yuedi Chen , Yuchen Liu , Yidan Huang , Sijia Hao , Feitong Ren , Xiaolu Yuan , Junjun Wei , Jinlong Liu , Liangxian Chen , Xiaoping Ouyang , Chengming Li

The growing mechanism of diamond structure on Ti-coated carbon fiber (CF) surfaces and the corresponding progression of sp²-to-sp³ hybridization are clarified in this work. The critical factor governing the sp²-sp³ hybridization transition was determined to be hydrogen etching-induced topological defects at carbon nanowall (CNW) edges using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) in conjunction with multi-technique characterization. The process manifests three distinct stages: vertical CNW growth, nanodiamond nucleation transition, and epitaxial growth of cellular nanodiamond (C-ND). The hydrogen etching of prismatic CNW surfaces produces Stone-Wales defects, which cause localized lattice distortions and produce sp³-hybridized active sites, according to microscopic examination. The graphite-to-diamond phase transition is driven by these structural changes; quantitative EELS research confirms 68.06 % sp³ hybridization in advanced development stages. The essence of the structural shift from graphite to diamond is made clear by the defect-induced hybridization transition process. Additionally, it serves as an approach for designing carbon fiber-diamond composite electrode structures.

阐明了金刚石结构在ti涂层碳纤维（CF）表面的生长机理和相应的sp2- sp3杂化过程。利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积（MPCVD）和多种表征技术，确定了控制sp2-sp3杂化转变的关键因素是碳纳米墙（CNW）边缘氢蚀刻引起的拓扑缺陷。这一过程经历了三个不同的阶段：CNW垂直生长、纳米金刚石成核转变和细胞纳米金刚石（C-ND）外延生长。显微观察发现，氢刻蚀棱柱形CNW表面会产生Stone-Wales缺陷，导致局部晶格畸变并产生sp3杂化活性位点。石墨到金刚石的相变是由这些结构变化驱动的；定量EELS研究证实在发育晚期sp3杂交率为68.06%。通过缺陷诱导的杂化转变过程，明确了从石墨到金刚石结构转变的本质。此外，它还为设计碳纤维-金刚石复合电极结构提供了一种方法。

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引用次数: 0

Curvature engineering unlocks low-potential sodium storage in hard carbon 曲率工程解锁低电位钠储存在硬碳

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121182

Zhipeng Cao , Ru Wang , Liluo Shi , Nannan Guo , Rui Zhou , Xia Qiu , Yirong Wang , Quanchao Zhuang , Zhicheng Ju , Yan Song , Yaxin Chen

Hard carbon (HC) anodes exhibiting a distinct low-potential plateau (LPP) are crucial for enhancing the energy density of sodium-ion batteries.We demonstrate that closed-pore formation is governed by carbon-layer bending, underscoring the significance of enhanced curvature. We introduce a cellulose depolymerization–reconstruction strategy that increases carbon-layer curvature and yields closed pores, thereby enabling LPP-dominated Na⁺ storage. The resulting curvature-engineered hard carbon (H-HC) delivers a reversible capacity of 326.66 mAh g⁻¹ at 20 mA g⁻¹, of which 214.38 mAh g⁻¹ (≈65.6 %) is attributable to the LPP. By contrast, directly carbonized HC yields a total capacity of 218.96 mAh g⁻¹ with an LPP contribution of 135.18 mAh g⁻¹ at the same current density. This work establishes enhanced carbon-layer curvature as a pivotal design parameter for closed-pore formation and LPP performance, offering guidance for advanced carbon anode design in SIBs.

硬碳（HC）阳极表现出明显的低电位平台（LPP），对提高钠离子电池的能量密度至关重要。我们证明了封闭孔隙的形成是由碳层弯曲控制的，强调了曲率增强的重要性。我们引入了一种纤维素解聚重建策略，该策略增加了碳层曲率并产生闭合孔，从而使lpp主导的Na+存储成为可能。由此产生的曲率工程硬碳（H-HC）在20 mA g - 1时提供326.66 mAh g - 1的可逆容量，其中214.38 mAh g - 1（≈65.6%）可归因于LPP。相比之下，在相同的电流密度下，直接碳化的HC总容量为218.96 mAh g−1，LPP贡献为135.18 mAh g−1。这项工作确立了增强碳层曲率作为闭孔形成和LPP性能的关键设计参数，为sib中先进的碳阳极设计提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Functional porous carbon prepared from pyrolysis of ionic liquid precursors with/without carbon supports 由有/无碳载体的离子液体前驱体热解制备的功能多孔碳

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121186

Pitambar Poudel , Ruhamah Yunis , Owen J. Curnow , Sarah L. Masters , Aaron T. Marshall

A novel strategy has been developed to produce catalytic carbon with higher yields from the pyrolysis of ionic liquids (ILs) by optimizing the carbonization heating rate and adding pre-made carbon supports before carbonization. This approach improves both the carbon yield and composition, enhancing the presence of heteroatoms and defects, particularly increasing carbon yield from ILs with nitrile anions. A detailed study of the carbonaceous materials produced by heating nitrile-containing IL such as bis(dimethylamino)mono(allylmethylamino)cyclopropenium dicyanamide at temperatures ranging from 100 to 600 °C, under varying heating rates and with or without the addition of carbon supports, has revealed a novel and unique decomposition pathway. Analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of heteroatoms and structural disorder. The IL-derived carbon electrodes showed higher electrochemical activity in the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox couple than glassy carbon and commercial carbon materials, as well as better performance in vanadium redox flow batteries compared with traditional carbon or graphite felt electrodes. Their commercial potential, enhanced by the addition of reliable and inexpensive carbon supports such as carbon black, suggests that future technologies can benefit from precise control of structure and surface chemistry through targeted doping.

通过优化炭化升温速率和在炭化前添加预制碳载体，研究了离子液体热解制备高收率催化碳的新策略。这种方法提高了碳收率和组成，增加了杂原子和缺陷的存在，特别是增加了含腈阴离子的il的碳收率。在100 ~ 600℃的温度范围内，在不同的加热速率和添加或不添加碳载体的情况下，对含腈IL（二甲基胺）单烯基甲基胺)环丙烯二氰酰胺等含碳材料进行了详细的研究，揭示了一种新颖而独特的分解途径。利用x射线光电子能谱、能量色散能谱和拉曼能谱分析证实了杂原子和结构紊乱的存在。il衍生的碳电极在铁氰化物/亚铁氰化物氧化还原对中的电化学活性高于玻碳和商用碳材料，在钒氧化还原液流电池中的性能优于传统的碳或石墨毡电极。它们的商业潜力，通过添加可靠和廉价的碳支撑（如炭黑）而增强，表明未来的技术可以从通过靶向掺杂对结构和表面化学的精确控制中受益。

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引用次数: 0

Self-templated hollowing of Cu/Ni-MOF@Electrospun carbon nanofibers enables dual-function marine coatings: Superior EM absorption and superhydrophobic corrosion shield 自模板中空的Cu/Ni-MOF@Electrospun碳纳米纤维实现了双重功能的船舶涂层：卓越的电磁吸收和超疏水腐蚀屏蔽

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121180

Jianning Song , Xia Zhao , Zuquan Jin , Shuai Yuan , Xiaoping Guo , Rilin Lai , Xuezhen Lin , Donald Terry Greenfield , Jizhou Duan , Baorong Hou

In response to the urgent need for high-performance coatings that simultaneously provide efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption and long-term corrosion protection in harsh marine conditions, Cu/Ni-MOF@PAN core-shell nanofiber mats are first electrospun and then served as self-templates during high-temperature carbonization into hollow magnetic carbon frameworks (CN-HPCF) embedded with CuNi alloy nanoparticles. The as-obtained CN-HPCF are then dispersed in epoxy and spray-coated with modified TiO₂ to create a 155° superhydrophobic, gradient-impedance bilayer. The unique hollow, porous, and multi-level heterogeneous interface structure of CN-HPCF effectively optimizes impedance matching and synergistically enhances various electromagnetic energy dissipation mechanisms, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −43.06 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.4 GHz at 1.9 mm thickness. Radar cross-section (RCS) simulations further confirm the stealth potential on ship-scale platforms of CN-HPCF. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results show that the coating maintained a high impedance modulus of 5.25 × 10⁸ Ω cm² at 0.01Hz after being immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 30 days. This study thus presents the new integrated absorption–corrosion bi-functional coating that maintains both −43.06 dB microwave absorption and > 10⁸ Ω cm² barrier performance after 30 days of seawater immersion, offering a new design paradigm where robust corrosion protection is the prerequisite for long-term EMW absorption stability in marine environments.

为了满足对高性能涂层的迫切需求，同时在恶劣的海洋条件下提供高效的电磁波吸收（EMW）和长期的腐蚀保护，Cu/Ni-MOF@PAN核壳纳米纤维垫首先被静电纺丝，然后在高温碳化过程中作为自模板嵌入CuNi合金纳米颗粒的空心磁性碳框架（CN-HPCF）。然后将得到的CN-HPCF分散在环氧树脂中，并喷涂改性TiO2以形成155°超疏水梯度阻抗双分子层。CN-HPCF独特的中空、多孔、多层非均质界面结构有效优化了阻抗匹配，协同增强了各种电磁能量耗散机制，在1.9 mm厚度下，最小反射损耗（RLmin）为- 43.06 dB，最大有效吸收带宽（EAB）为6.4 GHz。雷达截面（RCS）仿真进一步证实了该系统在舰载平台上的隐身潜力。电化学阻抗谱（EIS）结果表明，涂层在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中浸泡30天后，在0.01Hz下保持了5.25 × 108 Ω cm2的高阻抗模量。因此，该研究提出了一种新的集成吸收-腐蚀双功能涂层，在海水浸泡30天后，该涂层仍能保持- 43.06 dB的微波吸收和>； 108 Ω cm2的阻隔性能，提供了一种新的设计范例，即强大的腐蚀防护是海洋环境中长期EMW吸收稳定性的先决条件。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-site synergistic catalysis on carbon defects and Lewis acids for reductive amination of lignin derivatives to cyclohexylamine 碳缺陷和路易斯酸双位点协同催化木质素衍生物还原胺化制环己胺

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121205

Qin Nie , YuYu Wang , Yonggang Sun , Jinpeng Wei , Feng Lin , Wenxin Ji , Yuan yuan Li , Yulong Ma

The one-pot reductive amination (OPRA) of renewable lignin derivatives to produce nitrogen-containing chemicals is of great significance. This study systematically probes the structure-function relationship and catalytic mechanism of ruthenium supported on graphene (Gr), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and lignin-derived carbon (ELC) in the OPRA of guaiacol. It revealed that Ru/Gr-d achieved 99 % guaiacol conversion and 52.35 % selectivity to cyclohexylamine. The superior activity is attributed to the cooperative action between its abundant carbon defects (C_d) and moderate Lewis acidity (LAS). Particularly, Ru/Gr as having the highest C_d density (I_D/I_G = 1.91), significantly surpassing those of Ru/CNT (0.81) and Ru/ELC (1.79). Meanwhile, the Ru/Gr exhibited medium-strength acidity and optimal Ru⁴⁺/(Ru⁰+Ru⁴⁺) ratio (0.27). In-situ FTIR elucidates that the pathway involves HDO and C–O bond cleavage to generate KA oil reactive intermediates, which then undergoes nucleophilic addition with ammonia and subsequent dehydration to form an imine, and finally hydrogenated to yield cyclohexylamine. DFT calculations reveal a stronger electron transfer from Ru to the Gr-d support (1.47 e⁻) than to CNT-d (1.25 e⁻), in line with the more favorable downshift of the d-band center observed for Ru/Gr-d (−1.61 eV) versus Ru/CNT-d (−1.42 eV). Excellent electron transfer and adsorption properties directly facilitate the key HDO and amination reactions. One-pot cascade conversion of guaiacol to cyclohexylamine through the synergistic interplay of dual sites, C_d sites enhance reactant adsorption and HDO efficiency, and moderate LAS on the Ru⁴⁺/Ru⁰–C_d–C catalytic chain that facilitate reductive amination. This work offers new insights for catalyst design conversion of lignin-derived into high-value nitrogen-containing chemicals.

可再生木质素衍生物的一锅还原胺化反应（OPRA）生产含氮化学品具有重要意义。本研究系统探讨了钌负载在石墨烯（Gr）、碳纳米管（CNT）和木质素衍生碳（ELC）上对愈创木酚OPRA的结构-功能关系和催化机理。结果表明，Ru/Gr-d对愈创木酚的转化率为99%，对环己胺的选择性为52.35%。其优异的活性是由于其丰富的碳缺陷（Cd）和适度的刘易斯酸度（LAS）共同作用的结果。其中Ru/Gr的Cd密度最高（ID/IG = 1.91），显著超过Ru/CNT（0.81）和Ru/ELC（1.79）。Ru/Gr为中等酸性，最佳Ru4+/(Ru0+Ru4+)比为0.27。原位FTIR分析表明，该途径涉及HDO和C-O键裂解生成KA油反应中间体，然后与氨进行亲核加成，随后脱水生成亚胺，最后氢化生成环己胺。DFT计算显示Ru向Gr-d载体（1.47 e−）的电子转移比向CNT-d载体（1.25 e−）的电子转移更强，这与Ru/Gr-d （- 1.61 eV）比Ru/CNT-d （- 1.42 eV）更有利于d带中心的下移一致。优异的电子转移和吸附性能直接促进了关键的HDO和胺化反应。通过双位点的协同作用，一锅级联将愈创木酚转化为环己胺，Cd位点增强了反应物吸附和HDO效率，而Ru4+/ Ru0-Cd-C催化链上的适度LAS有利于还原性胺化。这项工作为木质素衍生物转化为高价值含氮化学品的催化剂设计提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Dual dielectric-magnetic synergy in pine wood-derived carbon/MOF composites with channel structure for ultra-efficient electromagnetic wave absorption 具有通道结构的松木衍生碳/MOF复合材料的双介电-磁协同作用，用于超高效电磁波吸收

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121202

Zhihao Ling , Yin Liu , Xiangfeng Shu , Bo Fang , Xiaowen He , Hongshan Cui , Mengting Shi , Chaofan Xia , Feihu Wang

Pine-derived carbon exhibits potential for electromagnetic pollution control and precision instrument protection, attributed to its low cost, periodic channel structure and multifunctionality. However, single carbonized pine lacks high-frequency electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance, as it fails to achieve synergistic conductivity and magnetism. Given that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be reduced to magnetic metal particles at high temperatures, this study proposes in-situ formation and electrostatic self-assembly strategies. By combining ZIF-67 with three-dimensional porous pine, pine-derived carbon/Co (PCC) series composite EMW absorbers were prepared, addressing the magnetic deficiency of pine-derived carbon. Magnetic element doping and three-dimensional channel structure exert dual synergy: prolonging EMW reflection paths and enhancing dielectric/magnetic losses. Coupled with adsorption, interface polarization and dipole polarization, high-frequency absorption performance is significantly improved. The EMW absorption performance test and radar cross section (RCS) simulation results show that the multiple dielectric synergistic loss mechanism endows PCC with excellent EMW absorption characteristics: at a thickness of 4.81 mm and a mass fraction of 30 wt%, PCC-4 has a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −63.46 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.88 GHz. This work provides a new path for the structural design and performance optimization of biomass-based multifunctional EMW absorbing materials, and highlights the important research value of biomass derived carbon-based composite materials in the field of EMW absorption.

由于其低成本、周期性通道结构和多功能性，松树衍生碳具有电磁污染控制和精密仪器保护的潜力。然而，单一碳化松木缺乏高频电磁波（EMW）的吸收性能，无法实现协同导电性和磁性。鉴于金属有机框架（mof）在高温下可以还原为磁性金属颗粒，本研究提出了原位形成和静电自组装策略。通过将ZIF-67与三维多孔松木相结合，制备了松木衍生碳/Co （PCC）系列复合EMW吸收体，解决了松木衍生碳的磁性缺陷。磁元掺杂和三维通道结构具有双重协同作用：延长EMW反射路径和增加介电/磁损耗。耦合吸附、界面极化和偶极极化，高频吸收性能显著提高。EMW吸收性能测试和雷达截面（RCS）仿真结果表明，多介质协同损耗机制使PCC具有优异的EMW吸收特性：在厚度为4.81 mm、质量分数为30 wt%时，PCC-4的最小反射损耗（RLmin）为- 63.46 dB，有效吸收带宽（EAB）为3.88 GHz。本研究为生物质基多功能EMW吸波材料的结构设计和性能优化提供了新的途径，凸显了生物质衍生碳基复合材料在EMW吸波领域的重要研究价值。

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引用次数: 0

Screening binary supplementary cementitious materials for alite-ye'elimite cement: Unveiling diverging synergistic effects on the microstructure and properties alite-ye - elimite水泥的二元补充胶凝材料筛选：揭示微观结构和性能的不同协同效应

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121184

Yudong Xie , Zhihai He , Hongyu Tao , Hui Rong

The development of alite-ye'elimite cement offers advantages of early-strength and shrinkage compensation, yet its 28-day strength needs further enhancement to compete with ordinary Portland cement. This study investigated the incorporation of a binary combination of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including fly ash (FA) and limestone (LS), into alite-ye'elimite cement. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of these SCMs significantly altered the hydration process of the cement and affected the compressive strength, drying shrinkage, microstructure and phase composition of the hardened matrix. The combination of 15 wt% FA and 15 wt% LS yielded the highest performance, achieving a 28-day compressive strength of 57.50 MPa, which exceeds that of reference P∙O 42.5 cement by 8.90 MPa. This enhancement is attributed to a complementary mechanism where LS accelerates early hydration and refines the initial pore structure, while the subsequent pozzolanic reaction of FA consumes Ca(OH)₂ and stabilizes carboaluminate phases, leading to continued microstructural densification. The synergy resulted in a significant reduction in total porosity and the volume of harmful large capillaries, which also explained the superior resistance to drying shrinkage of blends.

alite-ye -极限水泥的开发具有早强和补偿收缩的优势，但其28天强度仍需进一步提高，与普通硅酸盐水泥相抗衡。本研究研究了将包括粉煤灰（FA）和石灰石（LS）在内的补充胶凝材料（SCMs）的二元组合掺入alite-ye' limit水泥中。实验结果表明，这些SCMs的掺入显著改变了水泥的水化过程，影响了硬化基体的抗压强度、干燥收缩率、微观结构和相组成。15 wt% FA和15 wt% LS的组合性能最好，达到了57.50 MPa的28天抗压强度，比参考P∙O 42.5水泥高出8.90 MPa。这种增强归因于一种互补机制，LS加速了早期水化并细化了初始孔隙结构，而FA随后的火山灰反应消耗了Ca(OH)2并稳定了碳铝酸盐相，导致了持续的微观结构致密化。这种协同作用导致总孔隙率和有害大毛细血管的体积显著降低，这也解释了共混物具有优异的抗干燥收缩性能。

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引用次数: 0

Minimal metal–CNT-enrichment for maximal lubricity gain: boosting lithium grease performance for general applications 最小的金属碳纳米管富集最大的润滑增益：提高锂润滑脂性能的一般应用

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121187

Jarosław Kałużny , Łukasz Wojciechowski , Tomasz Runka , Sławomir Boncel , Adam A. Marek , Karol Grochalski , Bartosz Gapiński , Magdalena Skrzypek , Marek Nowicki , Paulina Błaszkiewicz , Artur P. Terzyk , Marcin Giedrowicz

Frictional losses in mechanical systems consume ∼23% of global energy, demanding advanced, scalable lubrication solutions. We present high-performance nanolubricants by incorporating trace amounts (0.01 wt%) of gold-, copper-, or nickel-multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrids into a commercial lithium soap grease. In four-ball tribometer tests, Cu-MWCNTs achieved a 75% reduction in wear scar diameter (from 2.96 mm to 0.73 mm at 1 kN load) and raised the maximum non-seizure load from 1.2 kN to beyond 1.4 kN. A tenfold increase in nanomaterial concentration (0.1 wt%) slightly reduced performance, revealing a non-monotonic concentration–efficacy relationship. Extended bearing tests over 1,150 h (∼152 million revolutions) confirmed long-term durability. Raman spectroscopy showed MWCNT persistence in rolling contacts, whereas under sliding, they transformed into amorphous carbon, serving a sacrificial role. No copper residues were detected via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), suggesting a catalytic – not depositional – tribochemical function. Cu-MWCNTs synergistically enhanced zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) tribofilm formation and inhibited steel oxidation under high-load friction. These findings demonstrate that trace-level, surface-engineered carbon nanomaterials can significantly improve lubricant performance through complex mechanochemical interactions. The developed nanolubricants offer a scalable, energy-efficient solution fully compatible with existing industrial greases and testing protocols.

机械系统的摩擦损耗消耗了全球23%的能源，这需要先进的、可扩展的润滑解决方案。我们通过将微量（0.01 wt%）的金、铜或镍多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）杂化物掺入商用锂皂脂中，提出了高性能纳米润滑剂。在四球摩擦计测试中，Cu-MWCNTs实现了75%的磨损疤痕直径减少（在1 kN载荷下从2.96 mm减少到0.73 mm），并将最大非发作载荷从1.2 kN提高到1.4 kN以上。纳米材料浓度增加10倍（0.1 wt%）会略微降低性能，显示出非单调的浓度-功效关系。延长轴承测试超过1,150小时（约1.52亿转），证实了长期耐用性。拉曼光谱显示MWCNT在滚动接触中具有持久性，而在滑动时，它们转变为无定形碳，起着牺牲作用。通过能量色散x射线光谱（EDS）未检测到铜残留物，表明其具有催化而非沉积摩擦化学功能。Cu-MWCNTs协同增强了二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZDDP）摩擦膜的形成，并抑制了高负荷摩擦下钢的氧化。这些发现表明，痕量的表面工程碳纳米材料可以通过复杂的机械化学相互作用显着提高润滑剂的性能。开发的纳米润滑剂提供了一种可扩展的、节能的解决方案，与现有的工业润滑脂和测试协议完全兼容。

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引用次数: 0

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