Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119923
Ying Li , Siren Guo , Linlin Zhao , Siyu Chen , Yudi Li , Xulin Yang , Pan Wang , Wei Feng , Zihao Mou , Hunan Jiang , Hanjun Wei , Giulio Cerullo
Helical carbon nanomaterials are highly promising candidates for microwave absorption (MA) and oil-water separation due to their unique geometries and intrinsic carbon properties. This study presents a controlled synthesis of lightweight, resilient helical carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) using chemical vapor deposition. Three structures-straight carbon nanofibers (CNFs), twisted carbon nanofibers (TCNFs), and spring-like carbon nanofibers (SCNFs)-were fabricated, and their MA properties were systematically studied. SCNFs exhibited superior MA, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −50.4 dB at 10.3 GHz with a thickness of 2.5 mm, along with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.1 GHz at a thickness of 1.74 mm. The improved performance of the material is ascribed to the helical structure and the presence of defects within the fibers, which facilitate enhanced dielectric and magnetic losses, as well as optimized impedance matching. Furthermore, the hydrophobic and oleophilic nature of these nanofibers facilitates efficient oil-water separation. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of multifunctional materials aimed at MA and environmental applications.
{"title":"Controlled preparation of lightweight, resilient helical carbon fibers for high-performance microwave absorption and oil-water separation","authors":"Ying Li , Siren Guo , Linlin Zhao , Siyu Chen , Yudi Li , Xulin Yang , Pan Wang , Wei Feng , Zihao Mou , Hunan Jiang , Hanjun Wei , Giulio Cerullo","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Helical carbon nanomaterials are highly promising candidates for microwave absorption (MA) and oil-water separation due to their unique geometries and intrinsic carbon properties. This study presents a controlled synthesis of lightweight, resilient helical carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) using chemical vapor deposition. Three structures-straight carbon nanofibers (CNFs), twisted carbon nanofibers (TCNFs), and spring-like carbon nanofibers (SCNFs)-were fabricated, and their MA properties were systematically studied. SCNFs exhibited superior MA, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −50.4 dB at 10.3 GHz with a thickness of 2.5 mm, along with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.1 GHz at a thickness of 1.74 mm. The improved performance of the material is ascribed to the helical structure and the presence of defects within the fibers, which facilitate enhanced dielectric and magnetic losses, as well as optimized impedance matching. Furthermore, the hydrophobic and oleophilic nature of these nanofibers facilitates efficient oil-water separation. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of multifunctional materials aimed at MA and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 119923"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119925
Zhiheng Wei , Xiaoyi Chen , Dewei Chen , Jin Liang , Zijun Liao , Xiaoshan Li , Zongcheng Li , Jie Kong
The rapid advancement of information technology has caused an increase in electromagnetic interference, making the development of high-efficiency electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers an urgent area of interest. However, the design of EM wave absorbers faces certain bottlenecks, such as the lack of narrow bandwidths and heavy weights. In this study, novel nitrogen–sulfur dual-doped 3D honeycomb-like carbon was fabricated as an EM wave absorber by heteroatom doping and defect engineering to modulate the electronic structure to regulate the defect and migration energy barriers, thus facilitating impedance matching between nanosheets and air, enhancing charge transfer, and producing numerous active sites for dipole polarization. Crucially, the combination of honeycomb-like carbon and nanosheets provides an abundance of conductive paths, heterointerfaces, and inner cavities, resulting in lightweight and absorption bandwidth enhancement. Moreover, the material demonstrated excellent EM wave absorption properties, having a high-efficiency loss of −60.3 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth up to 7.36 GHz at only 8 wt% filler content. Additionally, this material showed a low corrosion current density (1.094 × 10−6 A) and high polarization resistance (39.22 kΩ), maintaining excellent stability and corrosion resistance in simulated seawater. This research provides valuable perspectives for the investigation of dielectric loss and the advancement of multifunctional EM wave absorption materials.
{"title":"N and S dual doping and defect engineering to modulate electronic structure of 3D honeycomb-like carbon for boosting microwave absorption","authors":"Zhiheng Wei , Xiaoyi Chen , Dewei Chen , Jin Liang , Zijun Liao , Xiaoshan Li , Zongcheng Li , Jie Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of information technology has caused an increase in electromagnetic interference, making the development of high-efficiency electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers an urgent area of interest. However, the design of EM wave absorbers faces certain bottlenecks, such as the lack of narrow bandwidths and heavy weights. In this study, novel nitrogen–sulfur dual-doped 3D honeycomb-like carbon was fabricated as an EM wave absorber by heteroatom doping and defect engineering to modulate the electronic structure to regulate the defect and migration energy barriers, thus facilitating impedance matching between nanosheets and air, enhancing charge transfer, and producing numerous active sites for dipole polarization. Crucially, the combination of honeycomb-like carbon and nanosheets provides an abundance of conductive paths, heterointerfaces, and inner cavities, resulting in lightweight and absorption bandwidth enhancement. Moreover, the material demonstrated excellent EM wave absorption properties, having a high-efficiency loss of −60.3 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth up to 7.36 GHz at only 8 wt% filler content. Additionally, this material showed a low corrosion current density (1.094 × 10<sup>−6</sup> A) and high polarization resistance (39.22 kΩ), maintaining excellent stability and corrosion resistance in simulated seawater. This research provides valuable perspectives for the investigation of dielectric loss and the advancement of multifunctional EM wave absorption materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 119925"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119917
Xiang Li , Jindong Hu , Bitun Wang , Jinming Li , Ru Liu , Hongliang Liu , Honglei Fan , Zhiguo Li
Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion battery is a promising energy storage device owing to their appealing features with intrinsic safety, low cost, and scalability. However, since zinc ion is a divalent cation, it is difficult to find a cathode material that allows for the rapid and reversible insertion and extraction of zinc ions. Here, we proposed a coupling strategy to prepare capping V2O5/nano flower-like porous carbon-based zinc ion cathode materials for high electrochemical performance. Surprisingly, the interfacial coupling and transport effects between layered V2O5 and nano flower-like porous carbon provided an interconnected three-dimensional network for highly efficient charge carriers thereby conferring efficient electron/ion transport. Among them, the nano flower-like porous carbon material increased the interfacial conductivity and layer spacing, and shortened the ion insertion and extraction channels due to the existence of pores. Meantime, the layered V2O5 provided transport pathways and abundant active sites for zinc ions, enabling rapid and reversible insertion/extraction of hydrated Zn2+. The composite cathode material exhibited excellent energy storage performance compared to individually assembled zinc-vanadium battery, including high capacity (244.4 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1), high energy density (171 Wh kg−1), as well as cycling stability of up to 7000 cycles with capacity retention rate of 92 %. Moreover, the zinc-vanadium battery showed excellent low-temperature performance (specific capacity value of 171 mAh g−1 and specific capacity retention of 70 % at −20 °C). This work provided a new avenue for the design and development of high-performance aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion energy storage devices.
{"title":"Interface coupling engineering of nano flower-like porous carbon with V2O5 for enhancing rapid transport of zinc ions in aqueous zinc-vanadium batteries","authors":"Xiang Li , Jindong Hu , Bitun Wang , Jinming Li , Ru Liu , Hongliang Liu , Honglei Fan , Zhiguo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion battery is a promising energy storage device owing to their appealing features with intrinsic safety, low cost, and scalability. However, since zinc ion is a divalent cation, it is difficult to find a cathode material that allows for the rapid and reversible insertion and extraction of zinc ions. Here, we proposed a coupling strategy to prepare capping V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/nano flower-like porous carbon-based zinc ion cathode materials for high electrochemical performance. Surprisingly, the interfacial coupling and transport effects between layered V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and nano flower-like porous carbon provided an interconnected three-dimensional network for highly efficient charge carriers thereby conferring efficient electron/ion transport. Among them, the nano flower-like porous carbon material increased the interfacial conductivity and layer spacing, and shortened the ion insertion and extraction channels due to the existence of pores. Meantime, the layered V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> provided transport pathways and abundant active sites for zinc ions, enabling rapid and reversible insertion/extraction of hydrated Zn<sup>2+</sup>. The composite cathode material exhibited excellent energy storage performance compared to individually assembled zinc-vanadium battery, including high capacity (244.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 50 mA g<sup>−1</sup>), high energy density (171 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>), as well as cycling stability of up to 7000 cycles with capacity retention rate of 92 %. Moreover, the zinc-vanadium battery showed excellent low-temperature performance (specific capacity value of 171 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and specific capacity retention of 70 % at −20 °C). This work provided a new avenue for the design and development of high-performance aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 119917"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119898
Pengfei Wang , Deya Wang , Yangfan Wu , Ziqing Zhou , Jie Tian , Gengzhi Sun , Songlin Xu
Understanding the microplastic accumulation behavior of advanced carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers under complex thermal conditions is crucial in aerospace structures' durability and safety design, and the intrinsic plastic mechanism of CNT fibers under high-temperature prospects further investigation from the theoretical to the experimental. Herein, a novel CNT-CNT interface model was developed to clarify the microplastic evolution mechanism and its temperature effect. A series of cyclic-loading experiments at different temperatures were investigated to uncover the plastic accumulation process of CNT fibers. The in-situ scanning electric microscopy (SEM) experiments were introduced to observe the microstructure evolution of the CNT fiber under cyclic loading. The CNT fibers show more serious plasticity and weaker high-temperature fatigue resistance. The distance and overlap length between CNTs dominate the evolution of materials' plastic and thermal behavior. It can be concluded that optimizing the arrangement of the microstructures and limiting the thermal expansion between tubes will improve the fatigue resistance of CNT fibers. This work could provide an in-depth description of microplastic mechanisms and better guidance for the aerospace application of high-performance fibers under complex loading environments.
{"title":"Uncovering the interface slipping and microplastic accumulation mechanism of carbon nanotube fibers under different temperatures","authors":"Pengfei Wang , Deya Wang , Yangfan Wu , Ziqing Zhou , Jie Tian , Gengzhi Sun , Songlin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the microplastic accumulation behavior of advanced carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers under complex thermal conditions is crucial in aerospace structures' durability and safety design, and the intrinsic plastic mechanism of CNT fibers under high-temperature prospects further investigation from the theoretical to the experimental. Herein, a novel CNT-CNT interface model was developed to clarify the microplastic evolution mechanism and its temperature effect. A series of cyclic-loading experiments at different temperatures were investigated to uncover the plastic accumulation process of CNT fibers. The in-situ scanning electric microscopy (SEM) experiments were introduced to observe the microstructure evolution of the CNT fiber under cyclic loading. The CNT fibers show more serious plasticity and weaker high-temperature fatigue resistance. The distance and overlap length between CNTs dominate the evolution of materials' plastic and thermal behavior. It can be concluded that optimizing the arrangement of the microstructures and limiting the thermal expansion between tubes will improve the fatigue resistance of CNT fibers. This work could provide an in-depth description of microplastic mechanisms and better guidance for the aerospace application of high-performance fibers under complex loading environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 119898"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119881
Shouhua Yang , Ying Tang , Zhen Yang , Boqin Li , Gang Wang , Jie Liang , Lili Zhang , Feng Yu
The use of heteroatom-doped carbon materials as non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions has attracted much attention from researchers. This paper presents the synthesis of two-dimensional Si-doped graphene-like materials (Si-GLC) featuring “C–O–Si” bonds through an in-situ doping method. Since the electronegativity of the Si (1.90) is much smaller than that of C (2.55) and O (3.44), the formation of the “C–O–Si” bond causes Si to lose a large number of electrons and become positively charged. This increases the adsorption of electronegative oxygen, thereby improving the activity of oxygen reduction reactions. The adsorption energy of oxygen molecules on Si-GLC was calculated to be −3.57 eV using density functional theory, much lower than on GLC (−2.18 eV). This suggests that Si doping enhances the adsorption of oxygen molecules by graphene-like materials, which is crucial for improving the performance of oxygen reduction reaction. Si-GLC displayed a half-wave potential of 0.80 V (vs. RHE) and a diffusion-limited current density of 5.81 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH solution, demonstrating excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction. It also exhibits good stability and tolerance to methanol crossover effect. In-situ doping creates “C–O–Si” bonds, modulating charge density and providing a strategy for high-performance oxygen reduction catalysts.
{"title":"Enhanced electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction on “C–O–Si” bonds in Si-doped graphene-like carbon","authors":"Shouhua Yang , Ying Tang , Zhen Yang , Boqin Li , Gang Wang , Jie Liang , Lili Zhang , Feng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of heteroatom-doped carbon materials as non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions has attracted much attention from researchers. This paper presents the synthesis of two-dimensional Si-doped graphene-like materials (Si-GLC) featuring “C–<em>O</em>–Si” bonds through an in-situ doping method. Since the electronegativity of the Si (1.90) is much smaller than that of C (2.55) and O (3.44), the formation of the “C–<em>O</em>–Si” bond causes Si to lose a large number of electrons and become positively charged. This increases the adsorption of electronegative oxygen, thereby improving the activity of oxygen reduction reactions. The adsorption energy of oxygen molecules on Si-GLC was calculated to be −3.57 eV using density functional theory, much lower than on GLC (−2.18 eV). This suggests that Si doping enhances the adsorption of oxygen molecules by graphene-like materials, which is crucial for improving the performance of oxygen reduction reaction. Si-GLC displayed a half-wave potential of 0.80 V (vs. RHE) and a diffusion-limited current density of 5.81 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in 0.1 M KOH solution, demonstrating excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction. It also exhibits good stability and tolerance to methanol crossover effect. In-situ doping creates “C–<em>O</em>–Si” bonds, modulating charge density and providing a strategy for high-performance oxygen reduction catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 119881"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119877
Rui Xue , Di Lan , Rong Qiang , Zicheng Zang , Junwen Ren , Yulong Shao , Lei Rong , Junwei Gu , Jingbo Fang , Guanglei Wu
Dielectric-dielectric nanocomposites with excellent synergistic effects are considered as a prospective avenue for the development of high-performance microwave absorbers. In this work, one-dimensional MoO2/Mo2C/C heterogeneous nanowires were synthesized via a straightforward co-precipitation and in situ pyrolysis process. The components were modulated by adjusting the reduction temperatures to achieve tunable electromagnetic parameters thereby optimizing the dielectric loss. The results showed that the optimized MoO2/Mo2C/C composite exhibited a minimum reflection loss of −50.7 dB at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.8 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6 GHz at 2.3 mm when the calcination temperature was 700 °C. Based on the studies of electromagnetic parameters and radar cross section simulation outcomes, both the interwoven one-dimensional structure and synergistic effects between the components have endowed the material with good impedance matching and introduced various loss mechanisms such as conductivity loss, multiple polarization relaxation, and multiple reflection/scattering. This work presented a viable strategy for the preparation of one-dimensional MoO2-based dielectric microwave absorption materials.
{"title":"Synergistic dielectric regulation strategy of one-dimensional MoO2/Mo2C/C heterogeneous nanowires for electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Rui Xue , Di Lan , Rong Qiang , Zicheng Zang , Junwen Ren , Yulong Shao , Lei Rong , Junwei Gu , Jingbo Fang , Guanglei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dielectric-dielectric nanocomposites with excellent synergistic effects are considered as a prospective avenue for the development of high-performance microwave absorbers. In this work, one-dimensional MoO<sub>2</sub>/Mo<sub>2</sub>C/C heterogeneous nanowires were synthesized via a straightforward co-precipitation and <em>in situ</em> pyrolysis process. The components were modulated by adjusting the reduction temperatures to achieve tunable electromagnetic parameters thereby optimizing the dielectric loss. The results showed that the optimized MoO<sub>2</sub>/Mo<sub>2</sub>C/C composite exhibited a minimum reflection loss of −50.7 dB at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.8 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6 GHz at 2.3 mm when the calcination temperature was 700 °C. Based on the studies of electromagnetic parameters and radar cross section simulation outcomes, both the interwoven one-dimensional structure and synergistic effects between the components have endowed the material with good impedance matching and introduced various loss mechanisms such as conductivity loss, multiple polarization relaxation, and multiple reflection/scattering. This work presented a viable strategy for the preparation of one-dimensional MoO<sub>2</sub>-based dielectric microwave absorption materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 119877"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119851
Yongqian Shen , Jingyu Song , Yingge Xu , Fan Zhang , Haiyan Wang , Furu Zhang , Xin Liu , Chunli Liu , Dong Zhang , Xueyan Du
The use of a metal-organic framework (MOF) confinement strategy to achieve controllable growth and even allocation of magnetic metal nanoparticles (NPs) in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can significantly improve the microwave absorption performance of absorbers. Herein, we constructed Ni-MOF in the spinning solution and prepared Ni/CNFs with confined structures using electrospinning combined with carbon thermal reduction. The microstructure of Ni/CNFs was regulated by adjusting the amount of organic ligands added. Ni NPs with single domain size and uniform allocation could optimize impedance matching and enhance electromagnetic synergistic effects, which was beneficial for enhancing microwave absorption performance. When the additional amount of organic ligands was 4 wt%, the absorber reached the optimal microwave absorption performance as the filling ratio was only 3 wt%, the minimum reflection loss (RL) reached −24.9 dB at 13.6 GHz when the thickness was 2.0 mm, and the effective bandwidth (EBW) attained 5.22 GHz. In addition, the excellent hydrophobic performance of nanofibers (NFs) endowed them with potential self-cleaning functions. In addition, to verify the practical application value of the prepared samples in radar stealth technology, we used computer simulation technology (CST) to simulate the samples. Therefore, this work provides a new approach for the controllable preparation of novel magnetic metal/carbon fiber-based absorbers, and also provides a model reference for the controllable growth of magnetic metal particles in the carbon thermal reduction reaction process.
{"title":"Metal-organic framework confined preparation of hydrophobic nickel/carbon nanofibers for lightweight and enhanced microwave absorption","authors":"Yongqian Shen , Jingyu Song , Yingge Xu , Fan Zhang , Haiyan Wang , Furu Zhang , Xin Liu , Chunli Liu , Dong Zhang , Xueyan Du","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of a metal-organic framework (MOF) confinement strategy to achieve controllable growth and even allocation of magnetic metal nanoparticles (NPs) in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can significantly improve the microwave absorption performance of absorbers. Herein, we constructed Ni-MOF in the spinning solution and prepared Ni/CNFs with confined structures using electrospinning combined with carbon thermal reduction. The microstructure of Ni/CNFs was regulated by adjusting the amount of organic ligands added. Ni NPs with single domain size and uniform allocation could optimize impedance matching and enhance electromagnetic synergistic effects, which was beneficial for enhancing microwave absorption performance. When the additional amount of organic ligands was 4 wt%, the absorber reached the optimal microwave absorption performance as the filling ratio was only 3 wt%, the minimum reflection loss (<em>RL</em>) reached −24.9 dB at 13.6 GHz when the thickness was 2.0 mm, and the effective bandwidth (EBW) attained 5.22 GHz. In addition, the excellent hydrophobic performance of nanofibers (NFs) endowed them with potential self-cleaning functions. In addition, to verify the practical application value of the prepared samples in radar stealth technology, we used computer simulation technology (CST) to simulate the samples. Therefore, this work provides a new approach for the controllable preparation of novel magnetic metal/carbon fiber-based absorbers, and also provides a model reference for the controllable growth of magnetic metal particles in the carbon thermal reduction reaction process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 119851"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119884
S.X. Wang , N.N. Liang , B.X. Wang , S.F. Li , R.D.K. Misra , X.M. Gan , L. Zhang , Y.F. Yang
We present here the intrinsic strengthening mechanism of newly developed Ti8C5 nanoplatelet reinforcement in titanium matrix composites (TMCs) and the significant impact of their orientation characteristics on the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Ti matrix. The unique two-dimensional structure, uniform intragranular distribution, and locally aligned orientation of nanoplatelets provide exceptional strengthening efficiency and a distinctive strengthening mechanism. The nanoplatelets significantly strengthened the Ti matrix by impeding <a> dislocation motion on prismatic and basal slip planes, resulting in massive dislocation pile-up. Moreover, the activation of pyramidal <c+a> slip system induced geometrically necessary dislocations to accommodate plastic deformation, thereby maintaining considerable ductility. Micro-compression studies revealed a strong dependence on strengthening behavior and effectiveness on the spatial orientation and the direction of local alignment of nanoplatelets. The maximum strengthening effect is achieved when the platelet planes align parallel to the loading direction, with compressive ultimate and yield strengths of 2.9 and 1.9 GPa, respectively. In contrast, increasing the angle between platelet plane and loading direction led to the evolution of platelet/α-Ti interface into a pseudo-slip system, which severely deteriorated both strength and ductility. These fundamental insights provide an optimal spatial architecture for fabricating high-performance alignment-strengthened TMCs together with a feasible tailoring strategy.
{"title":"Characterization and orientation-dependent strengthening behavior of intragranular TiC nanoplatelets in titanium matrix composites","authors":"S.X. Wang , N.N. Liang , B.X. Wang , S.F. Li , R.D.K. Misra , X.M. Gan , L. Zhang , Y.F. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present here the intrinsic strengthening mechanism of newly developed Ti<sub>8</sub>C<sub>5</sub> nanoplatelet reinforcement in titanium matrix composites (TMCs) and the significant impact of their orientation characteristics on the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Ti matrix. The unique two-dimensional structure, uniform intragranular distribution, and locally aligned orientation of nanoplatelets provide exceptional strengthening efficiency and a distinctive strengthening mechanism. The nanoplatelets significantly strengthened the Ti matrix by impeding <a> dislocation motion on prismatic and basal slip planes, resulting in massive dislocation pile-up. Moreover, the activation of pyramidal <c+a> slip system induced geometrically necessary dislocations to accommodate plastic deformation, thereby maintaining considerable ductility. Micro-compression studies revealed a strong dependence on strengthening behavior and effectiveness on the spatial orientation and the direction of local alignment of nanoplatelets. The maximum strengthening effect is achieved when the platelet planes align parallel to the loading direction, with compressive ultimate and yield strengths of 2.9 and 1.9 GPa, respectively. In contrast, increasing the angle between platelet plane and loading direction led to the evolution of platelet/α-Ti interface into a pseudo-slip system, which severely deteriorated both strength and ductility. These fundamental insights provide an optimal spatial architecture for fabricating high-performance alignment-strengthened TMCs together with a feasible tailoring strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 119884"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120075
Zihui Ma , Tao Yang , Yan Song , Ning Zhao , Zhengyang Liu , Xiangjie Gong , Xiaodong Tian , Zhanjun Liu
Mesophase pitch can serve as excellent precursor for high-performance carbon materials. The catalytic refinement of mesophase pitch and the formation mechanism are of significance. In this work, mesophase pitches with varying degrees of polycondensation were successfully produced via one-step polycondensation by employing purified naphthalene as feed and AlCl3 as catalyst. Through analysis of the structural composition, functional group and crystal structure variations of the pitches at different stages, it was ascertained that properly elongation of polymerization time at 260 °C was favorable for the formation of mesophase pitch with flow-domain optical texture. Moreover, the principal reaction types of the system under different reaction conditions were investigated by analyzing the carbon atom configuration, molecular weight distribution and gas molecules produced from pyrolysis of the pitches. The evaluation of spinning characteristics confirmed that the mesophase pitch synthesized using this method showed improved fluidity at lower temperatures. This study enhances the liquid-phase carbonization theory and introduces a unique and practicable approach for the synthesis of pitch-derived carbon material precursors.
{"title":"One-step preparation of spinnable naphthyl mesophase pitch by using AlCl3 as catalyst","authors":"Zihui Ma , Tao Yang , Yan Song , Ning Zhao , Zhengyang Liu , Xiangjie Gong , Xiaodong Tian , Zhanjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesophase pitch can serve as excellent precursor for high-performance carbon materials. The catalytic refinement of mesophase pitch and the formation mechanism are of significance. In this work, mesophase pitches with varying degrees of polycondensation were successfully produced via one-step polycondensation by employing purified naphthalene as feed and AlCl<sub>3</sub> as catalyst. Through analysis of the structural composition, functional group and crystal structure variations of the pitches at different stages, it was ascertained that properly elongation of polymerization time at 260 °C was favorable for the formation of mesophase pitch with flow-domain optical texture. Moreover, the principal reaction types of the system under different reaction conditions were investigated by analyzing the carbon atom configuration, molecular weight distribution and gas molecules produced from pyrolysis of the pitches. The evaluation of spinning characteristics confirmed that the mesophase pitch synthesized using this method showed improved fluidity at lower temperatures. This study enhances the liquid-phase carbonization theory and introduces a unique and practicable approach for the synthesis of pitch-derived carbon material precursors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 120075"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143230289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120076
Yukun Miao , Meng Zhang , Quanxiu Liu , Tao Xi , Yong Liu , Yinyun Wang , Chang Wang , Anguo Cui , Zhongning Tian , Ting Wang , Jinyuan Liu , Qianqian Jia , Di Lan , YiCheng Bi , Zhenjiang Li
In this work, EDC@Fe3O4 nanocomposite wave-absorbing materials were obtained by using egg as a precursor and SiO2 templates to prepare porous structures of egg-derived carbon, followed by a simple reflow calcination process. The microwave absorption properties show that the magnetic content enhances the magnetic loss of the composite material, while the abundant defects and voids on the surface of the egg-derived porous carbon form a network that extends the transmission path of the electromagnetic wave. The synergistic effect of Fe3O4 and the porous carbon optimizes the impedance matching of the material and improves its attenuation ability. As a result, the EDC@Fe3O4 nanocomposites exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties. The best sample at 9.12 GHz with the strongest reflection loss (RLmin) of −54.19 dB at a matched thickness of 2.46 mm, and the best effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) value of 5.68 GHz at a matched thickness of 2.03 mm. In this study, a biomass-based porous carbon nanocomposite with lightweight, thin thickness, wide bandwidth, and high absorption capacity is designed and prepared by novel strategies, and EDC@Fe3O4 nanocomposites are shown to have excellent microwave absorptive properties. magnetic composites with light weight, thin thickness, wide bandwidth and strong absorption ability, and elucidated the synergistic electromagnetic loss mechanism of EDC@Fe3O4 nanocomposites.
{"title":"Egg derived porous carbon decorated with Fe3O4 nanorods for high efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Yukun Miao , Meng Zhang , Quanxiu Liu , Tao Xi , Yong Liu , Yinyun Wang , Chang Wang , Anguo Cui , Zhongning Tian , Ting Wang , Jinyuan Liu , Qianqian Jia , Di Lan , YiCheng Bi , Zhenjiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, EDC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite wave-absorbing materials were obtained by using egg as a precursor and SiO<sub>2</sub> templates to prepare porous structures of egg-derived carbon, followed by a simple reflow calcination process. The microwave absorption properties show that the magnetic content enhances the magnetic loss of the composite material, while the abundant defects and voids on the surface of the egg-derived porous carbon form a network that extends the transmission path of the electromagnetic wave. The synergistic effect of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and the porous carbon optimizes the impedance matching of the material and improves its attenuation ability. As a result, the EDC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties. The best sample at 9.12 GHz with the strongest reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −54.19 dB at a matched thickness of 2.46 mm, and the best effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) value of 5.68 GHz at a matched thickness of 2.03 mm. In this study, a biomass-based porous carbon nanocomposite with lightweight, thin thickness, wide bandwidth, and high absorption capacity is designed and prepared by novel strategies, and EDC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites are shown to have excellent microwave absorptive properties. magnetic composites with light weight, thin thickness, wide bandwidth and strong absorption ability, and elucidated the synergistic electromagnetic loss mechanism of EDC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 120076"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143230292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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