IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6223(26)00154-5

引用次数: 0

Constructing dual networks in tissue-paper-derived carbon nanofiber/Co@C composites toward exceptional microwave absorption and heat conduction 在组织纸衍生碳纳米纤维/Co@C复合材料中构建双网络以实现优异的微波吸收和热传导

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121305

Peiwen Wang , Liujia Bian , Junyan Jiang , Pinzhang Zhao , Xiaojuan Wang , Liyan Xie , Guoxiu Tong , Wenhua Wu

To simultaneously tackle the critical issues of electromagnetic (EM) interference and heat accumulation in electronics, tissue-paper-derived carbon fiber (CF)@Co@C composites with a dual network were first synthesized as an advanced bifunctional filler through a facile impregnation-annealing process. The incorporation of CFs with Co@C foams can construct dual networks, multiple heterointerfaces, magnetic-dielectric dual-losses, and electron-phonon dual thermal carriers, enhancing EM wave absorption and heat conduction. Benefiting from the boosted Ohmic loss, polarization loss, and multi-magnetic resonances, results showed that the CF@Co@C composites formed with a Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O content of 0.005 mol exhibited a high EABW/d (3.55 GHz/mm) and strong absorption (−50.09 dB), excelling CFs and other absorbers. Meanwhile, the CF@Co@C/TPU composite films exhibited high heat conductivity (5.059–6.544 W/(m⋅K)) with a low load of 10 wt%. The highest heat conductivity was 1.85 and 1.43 times larger than those of pure TPU films and 2D CFs/TPU films. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis of the DOS and PDOS revealed the enhancement mechanisms of EM wave absorption and heat conduction. The multiple heterointerfaces between FCC-Co/C, HCP-Co/C, and FCC-Co/HCP-Co provided a built-in electric field for extra electric dipoles, thus enhancing the microwave absorption capabilities of materials. The combination of 2D CFs with Co@C foams enables cooperative heat transfer by electrons and multi-frequency phonons, thereby improving its heat conductivity. Overall, this work offers a novel and simple strategy to develop advanced dual-network composites with magnetic-dielectric dual losses and electron-phonon dual thermal carriers for EM protection and heat management applications in the electronics industry.

为了同时解决电子设备中电磁（EM）干扰和热量积累的关键问题，首先通过简单的浸渍退火工艺合成了具有双网络的组织纸衍生碳纤维（CF）@Co@C复合材料，作为一种先进的双功能填料。碳纤维与Co@C泡沫的掺入可以构建双网络、多异质界面、磁-介电双损耗和电子-声子双热载流子，增强电磁波吸收和热传导。结果表明，当Co(NO3)2·6H2O含量为0.005 mol时，得到的CF@Co@C复合材料具有较高的EABW/d （3.55 GHz/mm）和较强的吸收（- 50.09 dB），优于CFs等吸收材料。同时，CF@Co@C/TPU复合膜具有较高的导热系数（5.059 ~ 6.544 W/(m·K)），负载低至10 wt%。其最高导热系数分别是纯TPU膜和二维CFs/TPU膜的1.85倍和1.43倍。此外，理论分析还揭示了DOS和PDOS增强电磁波吸收和热传导的机理。FCC-Co/C、HCP-Co/C和FCC-Co/HCP-Co之间的多重异质界面为额外的电偶极子提供了内置电场，从而增强了材料的微波吸收能力。二维碳纤维与Co@C泡沫的结合使电子和多频声子的协同传热成为可能，从而提高了其导热性。总的来说，这项工作为开发先进的双网络复合材料提供了一种新颖而简单的策略，该复合材料具有磁-介电双损耗和电子-声子双热载流子，可用于电子工业中的电磁保护和热管理应用。

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引用次数: 0

SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHITIC STRUCTURE ANALOGS BASED ON AMORPHOUS CONJUGATED POLYMER NETWORKS 基于非晶共轭聚合物网络的石墨结构类似物的合成及应用

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121337

Yuya Oaki

引用次数: 0

Conversion of α-cellulose into surfactants: preparation and interfacial properties of amphiphilic carbon dots α-纤维素转化为表面活性剂：两亲性碳点的制备及其界面性能

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121358

Xiaoqing Qiu , Maoxin Cai , Ping Mei , Ke Wang , Lu Lai

Developing efficient and environmentally benign routes to convert low-cost cellulose into high-value products can deliver both economic and societal benefits. Here, cellulose was used as the carbon precursor, while dodecylamine and aminosulfonic acid were introduced to improve amphiphilicity as well as temperature and salinity tolerance, enabling the synthesis of amphiphilic carbon dots (ACDs). FT-IR confirmed the coexistence of hydrophilic functionalities (hydroxyl, sulfonic acid, and amino groups) and hydrophobic long alkyl chains, supporting the intended amphiphilic architecture. Three ACDs with different sulfonic acid contents were prepared. The surface tension measurements showed that the cmc values of ACDs-1, ACDs-2, and ACDs-3 are 3000 mg/L, 800 mg/L, and 400 mg/L, respectively, with corresponding γ_cmc values of 28.58 mN/m, 27.91 mN/m, and 28.15 mN/m. Decreasing sulfonic acid content increased hydrophobicity and enabled adsorption saturation at the gas-liquid interface at lower concentrations. All ACDs reduced oil-water IFT, but the extent depended strongly on oil type, with larger decreases in crude oil-water and toluene-water than in n-heptane-water. In the n-heptane-water system, IFT decreased from 38.6 mN/m to 7.8 mN/m, 10.4 mN/m, and 18.6 mN/m for ACDs-1, ACDs-2, and ACDs-3, respectively, consistent with limited compatibility with nonpolar hydrocarbons that hinders dense interfacial packing. Importantly, inorganic salts further enhanced interfacial activity: IFT continuously decreased with increasing salinity and reached an ultralow level at c_NaCl = 20 × 10⁴ mg/L. Overall, this work provides a promising strategy for the high-value utilization of cellulose.

开发高效和环保的途径将低成本纤维素转化为高价值产品可以带来经济和社会效益。本研究以纤维素为碳前驱体，加入十二胺和氨基磺酸来改善其两亲性和耐温耐盐性，从而合成两亲性碳点（ACDs）。FT-IR证实亲水性官能团（羟基、磺酸和氨基）和疏水性长烷基链共存，支持预期的两亲性结构。制备了3种不同磺酸含量的ACDs。表面张力测定表明，ACDs-1、ACDs-2和ACDs-3的cmc值分别为3000 mg/L、800 mg/L和400 mg/L，对应的γcmc值分别为28.58 mN/m、27.91 mN/m和28.15 mN/m。降低磺酸含量增加了疏水性，使低浓度下的气液界面吸附饱和。所有ACDs均降低了油水IFT，但程度与油品类型密切相关，原油-水和甲苯-水的降低幅度大于正庚烷-水。在正庚烷-水体系中，ACDs-1、ACDs-2和ACDs-3的IFT分别从38.6 mN/m降至7.8 mN/m、10.4 mN/m和18.6 mN/m，与非极性烃的相容性有限，阻碍了界面的致密充填。重要的是，无机盐进一步增强了界面活性：IFT随着盐度的增加而持续下降，并在cNaCl = 20 × 104 mg/L时达到超低水平。总的来说，这项工作为纤维素的高价值利用提供了一个有希望的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of surface chemistry on water adsorption on carbons revealed by theoretical isotherm models 理论等温线模型揭示了碳表面化学对水吸附的影响

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121321

Piotr Gauden , Sylwester Furmaniak , Jochen Settelein , Begüm Bozkaya , Daria Minta , Grażyna Gryglewicz

Two spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde-based carbons differing in average particle size and external surface area were precursors of two series of modified adsorbents. The modifying agents and modification conditions were chosen to introduce oxygen and/or nitrogen of different content and not to significantly change the porous structure of the samples. The adsorption isotherms of water from the gaseous phase on 16 carbons were the basis for systematic investigations. The differences between them were analyzed in four relative pressure ranges corresponding to subsequent adsorption process stages. The presence of heteroatoms affected the adsorption amount in the low-pressure range, when water molecules directly interact with the oxygen and nitrogen surface groups. However, it also affected the next stage of adsorption: the formation of multimolecular clusters and pore filling. Adsorption in the third range, corresponding to the final plateau, was similar for all the adsorbents and limited by the micropore volume. Differences between the series were revealed in the fourth range (relative pressure close to unity). Adsorption amounts for carbons with more developed external surface area and interparticle porosity were significantly higher, and the isotherms increased more strongly in this part compared to the other series. Qualitative differences between isotherms were also quantified by fitting the data using generalized Barton and Buttersack models. Some of their best-fit parameters were correlated with the content of heteroatoms. Finally, the water adsorption amount for the relative pressure of ca. 0.25 was found as a simple estimate of the heteroatom content in the carbon.

两种平均粒径和外表面积不同的间苯二酚-甲醛基球形碳是两种改性吸附剂的前驱体。改性剂和改性条件的选择是为了引入不同含量的氧和/或氮，而不会显著改变样品的多孔结构。气相水在16个碳上的吸附等温线是系统研究的基础。在相应的四个相对压力范围内分析了它们之间的差异。在低压范围内，当水分子直接与氧和氮表面基团相互作用时，杂原子的存在影响了吸附量。然而，它也影响了下一阶段的吸附：多分子簇的形成和孔隙填充。第三个范围对应于最终平台，所有吸附剂的吸附相似，受微孔体积的限制。在第四个范围（相对压力接近统一）中揭示了系列之间的差异。外表面积和粒间孔隙度越发达的碳的吸附量越高，等温线在这部分的增加幅度也越大。通过使用广义Barton和Buttersack模型拟合数据，还量化了等温线之间的定性差异。其中一些最佳拟合参数与杂原子含量有关。最后，得到了相对压力为0.25时的水吸附量，作为碳中杂原子含量的简单估计。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal management with graphene–epoxy composites: Design strategies and emerging applications 石墨烯-环氧复合材料的热管理：设计策略和新兴应用

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121262

Chu Na , Seul-Yi Lee , Soo-Jin Park

Graphene and its derivatives, owing to their ultrahigh intrinsic thermal conductivity (2000–5000 W m⁻¹K⁻¹), structural versatility, and interfacial tunability, have become leading reinforcements for epoxy resins in thermal management applications. Beyond enhancing thermal conduction, graphene introduces multifunctional synergies spanning flame retardancy, electro-thermal conversion, phase-change regulation, and long-term stability. This review highlights not only the latest design strategies, covering dispersion control, interfacial engineering, filler alignment, and hybrid architectures, but also the cross-cutting insights that unify these approaches across diverse application domains. A key lesson emerging from recent studies is that multifunctionality can be achieved at ultra-low loadings when graphene is rationally structured into hierarchical or reactive networks, thereby overcoming the long-standing trade-off between thermal conductivity and mechanical or environmental performance. Equally, interfacial design proves decisive: subtle chemical modifications or noncovalent interactions at the graphene–epoxy interface governs thermal resistance, durability, and system reliability across operating conditions. By framing these advances into a coherent structure–property–application map, this review provides a new perspective on how graphene–epoxy composites can be deliberately engineered rather than empirically optimized. We conclude by outlining future opportunities in scalable processing, anisotropy regulation, and sustainable design, positioning graphene–epoxy systems as next-generation multifunctional materials for electronics, aerospace, and energy infrastructures.

石墨烯及其衍生物，由于其超高的固有导热系数（2000-5000 W m−1K−1）、结构通用性和界面可调性，已成为环氧树脂在热管理应用中的主要增强材料。除了增强热传导外，石墨烯还具有阻燃、电热转换、相变调节和长期稳定性等多功能协同作用。这篇综述不仅强调了最新的设计策略，包括分散控制、接口工程、填料对齐和混合架构，而且还强调了跨不同应用领域统一这些方法的横切见解。从最近的研究中得出的一个关键结论是，当石墨烯被合理地结构成分层或反应性网络时，可以在超低负载下实现多功能性，从而克服长期存在的导热性与机械或环境性能之间的权衡。同样，界面设计也被证明是决定性的：石墨烯-环氧树脂界面上细微的化学修饰或非共价相互作用决定了整个操作条件下的耐热性、耐久性和系统可靠性。通过将这些进展构建成一个连贯的结构-性能-应用图，本综述为石墨烯-环氧复合材料如何被刻意设计而不是经验优化提供了一个新的视角。最后，我们概述了在可扩展加工、各向异性调节和可持续设计方面的未来机遇，并将石墨烯-环氧树脂体系定位为电子、航空航天和能源基础设施的下一代多功能材料。

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引用次数: 0

Amido-tailored self-template with internal porosity and self-doping toward N-doped porous carbons scaffold for silane deposition 具有内部孔隙度和自掺杂的酰胺定制自模板用于氮掺杂多孔碳支架沉积硅烷

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121361

Qiqi Shu , Wei He , Shiyu Tang , Miao Zhang , Zhengwei Xie

Porous carbons have demonstrated significant potential due to their abundant pore structure and customizable surface chemistry for silane deposition. This study presents a novel molecular design strategy to prepare N-doped porous carbons, centered on constructing self-template precursors with internal porosity and N self-doping properties. The precursor is synthesized through a stepwise process involving: (1) the polymerization of ethylenediamine and succinic acid, (2) cross-linking with epichlorohydrin, and (3) hydrolysis of amide bonds. Subsequently, the internal porosity of the precursor is further developed and enhanced through chemical activation, resulting in N-doped porous carbon (ABPC@x). Systematic investigation revealed that the molar ratio (x) of amino to carboxyl groups is a key parameter determining the ratio of hydrolysis sites available for pore formation and crosslinking sites responsible for structural stabilization, thereby influencing crosslinking density, N retention, and microstructure. The optimal sample, [email protected], which achieves a well-balanced ratio between hydrolysis and crosslinking sites, exhibits a high specific surface area of 1758 m²/g, a total pore volume of 0.90 cm³/g, pore size distribution of 0.5 ∼ 3.0 nm, and a single-particle compressive strength of ∼80 MPa. When used as a carbon scaffold for silane deposition, the resulting silicon/carbon anode demonstrates favorable initial electrochemical performance, with a charge capacity of 1718.32 mAh/g and an initial coulombic efficiency of 90.15%. This work not only validates the feasibility of combining self-template precursor design with chemical activation but also provides a valuable reference for the diversified preparation of porous carbons.

多孔碳由于其丰富的孔隙结构和可定制的表面化学特性，在硅烷沉积中显示出巨大的潜力。本研究提出了一种新的分子设计策略来制备N掺杂多孔碳，重点是构建具有内部孔隙度和N自掺杂性质的自模板前驱体。前驱体的合成过程包括：(1)乙二胺和琥珀酸的聚合，(2)与环氧氯丙烷交联，(3)酰胺键的水解。随后，前驱体的内部孔隙度通过化学活化进一步发展和增强，得到n掺杂多孔碳（ABPC@x）。系统研究表明，氨基与羧基的摩尔比(x)是决定可用于孔隙形成的水解位点和负责结构稳定的交联位点比例的关键参数，从而影响交联密度、N保留率和微观结构。最佳样品[email protected]实现了水解位点和交联位点之间的良好平衡比例，具有1758 m2/g的高比表面积，0.90 cm3/g的总孔体积，0.5 ~ 3.0 nm的孔径分布，单颗粒抗压强度为~ 80 MPa。当用作硅烷沉积的碳支架时，得到的硅/碳阳极具有良好的初始电化学性能，其电荷容量为1718.32 mAh/g，初始库仑效率为90.15%。本研究不仅验证了自模板前驱体设计与化学活化相结合的可行性，而且为多孔碳的多样化制备提供了有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Electronic effects of localized strain in graphene 石墨烯中局部应变的电子效应

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121343

Zviadi Zarkua , Robin Smeyers , Aleksandr Seliverstov , Renan Villarreal , Ahmed Samir Lotfy , Rikkie Joris , Muhammad Saad , Hung-Chieh Tsai , Stefan De Gendt , Steven Brems , Steven De Feyter , Felix Junge , Hans Hofsäss , Giovanni Di Santo , Luca Petaccia , Simona Achilli , E. Harriet Åhlgren , François M. Peeters , Milorad V. Milošević , Lucian Covaci , Lino M.C. Pereira

Strain is a key tuning parameter in solid-state systems, but most studies focus on strain fields extending over tens of nanometers or more. Here we investigate the extreme limit of ultra-localized strain in graphene, introduced through bond defects generated by ultralow-energy implantation of noble gas ions. Using molecular dynamics simulations, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy, we identify the formation and thermal stability of bond defects that locally stretch only a few CC bonds without removing or substituting atoms. Tight-binding calculations reveal that such bond defects induce local charge trapping, leading to substantial Fermi-level shifts. Synchrotron-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy directly confirms these predictions: even at modest defect densities (

\sim 1 0^{12} {cm}^{- 2}

), the graphene Fermi level shifts by up to 0.3 eV. This strong effect is remarkable given that it is achieved without altering graphene’s composition, in contrast to conventional impurity doping or vacancy formation. Upon thermal annealing, the electronic structure recovers towards the pristine state, showing that these effects can be tuned and reversed. Our results establish bond defects as a new class of functional disorder in graphene, capable of strongly modifying its electronic properties solely by bond rearrangement.

应变是固态系统的关键调谐参数，但大多数研究都集中在数十纳米或更大的应变场上。在这里，我们研究了石墨烯中超局部应变的极限，这是由惰性气体离子的超低能注入产生的键缺陷引起的。利用分子动力学模拟、拉曼光谱和扫描隧道显微镜，我们确定了键缺陷的形成和热稳定性，这些缺陷在不去除或取代原子的情况下只局部拉伸几个CC键。紧密结合的计算表明，这种键缺陷会引起局部电荷捕获，导致大量的费米能级位移。基于同步加速器的角度分辨光发射光谱直接证实了这些预测：即使在适度的缺陷密度（~ 1012cm−2）下，石墨烯费米能级也会发生高达0.3 eV的位移。与传统的杂质掺杂或空位形成相比，这种强烈的效应是值得注意的，因为它在不改变石墨烯成分的情况下实现。在热退火后，电子结构恢复到原始状态，表明这些影响可以被调谐和逆转。我们的研究结果表明，键缺陷是石墨烯中一类新的功能紊乱，仅通过键重排就能强烈地改变其电子特性。

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引用次数: 0

Zirconium metal-organic framework decorated polyacrylonitrile derivative composite fibers via electrospinning: construction of a continuous conductive network for integrated electromagnetic wave absorption, radar stealth and thermal insulation 静电纺丝金属锆-有机骨架装饰聚丙烯腈衍生物复合纤维：构建集电磁波吸收、雷达隐身和隔热于一体的连续导电网络

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121325

Xue Yi , Quan Wang , Ruiwen Shu , Xiaoqing Zhao , Run Huang , Konghu Tian , Xiaoli Ji , Zhijian Yan

Metal-organic framework (MOF) has become a highly promising electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing material due to its tunable composition and microstructure characteristics. This work systematically investigated the impact of two approaches for integrating Zr-MOF with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on the electromagnetic properties of composite materials. One approach involved growing Zr-MOF on the surface of the pre-spun PAN fibers through the aqueous-phase synthesis method (ex-CNFs/ZrO₂/C), while the other method was to directly embed the pre-synthesized Zr-MOF into the PAN fibers matrix prepared by electrospinning (in-CNFs@ZrO₂/C). The resulting continuous three-dimensional network structure after calcination provided an effective pathway for electron transport, enhancing conduction loss of in-CNFs@ZrO₂/C. Furthermore, the numerous heterointerfaces formed among carbon nanofibers, ZrO₂ nanoparticles and residual carbon significantly boosted interfacial polarization loss. This combined effect led to outstanding EMW absorption performance at a low filling ratio of 11 wt%. The optimal minimum reflection loss of in-CNFs@ZrO₂/C was −66.85 dB at 3.18 mm, and a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 6.72 GHz was achieved at 2.29 mm. Additionally, the system demonstrated excellent thermal insulation performance and superior radar cross section reduction capability. Therefore, the as-prepared composite fibers could be utilized as multifunctional EMW absorbers.

金属有机骨架（MOF）由于其可调谐的成分和微结构特性而成为一种极具发展前景的电磁波吸收材料。本文系统地研究了Zr-MOF与聚丙烯腈（PAN）的两种集成方法对复合材料电磁性能的影响。一种方法是通过水相合成法（前cnfs /ZrO2/C）在预纺PAN纤维表面生长Zr-MOF，另一种方法是直接将预合成的Zr-MOF嵌入到静电纺丝制备的PAN纤维基体中（in-CNFs@ZrO2/C）。煅烧后形成的连续三维网络结构为电子传递提供了有效途径，增大了in-CNFs@ZrO2/C的传导损失。此外，碳纳米纤维、ZrO2纳米颗粒和残余碳之间形成的大量异质界面显著增加了界面极化损失。这种综合效应导致了在11wt %的低填充率下具有出色的EMW吸收性能。在3.18 mm处，in-CNFs@ZrO2/C的最佳最小反射损耗为- 66.85 dB，在2.29 mm处，有效吸收带宽为6.72 GHz。此外，该系统还具有优异的隔热性能和雷达截面积减小能力。因此，所制备的复合纤维可作为多功能的EMW吸波材料。

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引用次数: 0

MINIATURIZATION OF OXYGEN AND ENZYME SENSORS FOR BLOOD GAS ANALYZERS USING HIGHLY CRYSTALLINE GRAPHENE ELECTRODES 使用高结晶石墨烯电极的血气分析仪的氧气和酶传感器小型化

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121338

Akiko Yoshida , Tetsuji Itoh , Hirotomo Nishihara

引用次数: 0

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