Carbon最新文献_第3页

Electrotunable superlubricity of two-dimensional ZIF-8 二维 ZIF-8 的电可调超润滑性

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119803

Yuxin Li , Lei Liu , Aisheng Song , Kunpeng Wang , Yuhong Liu

Electric field control can actively, dynamically, and repeatably influence the interface friction behavior. The unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) ZIF-8 make it a promising lubricating material for electromechanical devices. The study on the electrotunable superlubricity of 2D ZIF-8 is carried out under longitudinal and transverse electric fields respectively, resulting in an order of magnitude variation in friction coefficient (μ: 0.0037–0.0124). Through the experiments and simulation, the regulation mechanism of electric fields on the lubricating properties of 2D ZIF-8 is attributed to the coupling effect of adhesion regulation and out-of-plane deformation regulation: The weakening of anchoring effect reduces the adhesion between probe and 2D ZIF-8; the tight binding of interfacial charge under longitudinal electric field as well as the increase in surface stiffness caused by lattice tension under transverse electric field, both restrain the out-of-plane deformation during friction. The electrotunable superlubricity of 2D ZIF-8 helps achieve rapid and flexible adjustment of the friction interface in electro-mechanical systems under charged conditions, illuminating the future development prospects for intelligent control.

电场控制可以主动、动态和可重复地影响界面摩擦行为。二维（2D）ZIF-8 的独特性能使其成为机电设备中一种前景广阔的润滑材料。研究分别在纵向和横向电场下对二维 ZIF-8 的电可调超润滑性进行了研究，结果显示摩擦系数（μ：0.0037-0.0124）出现了数量级的变化。通过实验和模拟，电场对二维 ZIF-8 润滑性能的调节机制归结为附着力调节和平面外变形调节的耦合效应：锚定效应的减弱降低了探针与二维 ZIF-8 之间的附着力；纵向电场下界面电荷的紧密结合以及横向电场下晶格张力导致的表面刚度增加都抑制了摩擦过程中的面外变形。二维 ZIF-8 的电可调超润滑性有助于在带电条件下实现机电系统摩擦界面的快速灵活调节，为未来智能控制的发展前景提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Outside Front Cover - Journal name, Cover image, Volume issue details, ISSN, Cover Date, Elsevier Logo and Society Logo if required 封面外侧 - 期刊名称、封面图片、卷期详情、ISSN、封面日期、爱思唯尔徽标和学会徽标（如需要

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6223(24)00994-1

引用次数: 0

Tailoring hydrogen adsorption via charge transfer at bimetallic Cr0.48Ru0.52 alloy nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanofiber for enhanced hydrogen evolution catalysis 通过碳纳米纤维上装饰的双金属 Cr0.48Ru0.52 合金纳米粒子上的电荷转移定制氢吸附，以增强氢气进化催化作用

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119797

Dasol Jin , Jiwon Kim , Ramesh Kumar Chitumalla , Yeji Yim , In Young Kim , Joonkyung Jang , Myung Hwa Kim

Designing and synthesizing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for the practical and large-scale application of hydrogen sources. Recent research has focused on tuning the electronic structure of electrocatalysts to achieve optimal HER activity, with particular emphasis on interfacial engineering to induce electron transfer and optimize HER kinetics. In this study, as part of research into heterointerface engineering, bimetallic Cr_0.48Ru_0.52 alloy nanoparticles decorated on carbon nanofibers (Cr_0.48Ru_0.52/CNFs) were fabricated through a simple electrospinning and post-calcination process to serve as an efficient alkaline HER catalyst. The Cr_0.48Ru_0.52/CNFs demonstrated exceptional electrocatalytic HER performance, with an overpotential of only 13 mV at −10 mA cm⁻² and a Tafel slope of 60.8 mV dec⁻¹, indicating high catalytic activity compared to commercial benchmark catalysts (i.e., Ru/C and Pt/C). First-principles density functional theory calculations support these results, revealing that Cr_0.48Ru_0.52 balances proton reduction (Volmer step) and H∗ desorption (Tafel/Heyrovsky step) processes during electrocatalysis, as evidenced by the near-zero hydrogen adsorption (ΔG_H∗) value (ca. −0.11 eV). Therefore, this study highlights that Cr_0.48Ru_0.52/CNFs, with noble Ru comprising only half of the total metal content, can promote optimal HER kinetics under alkaline condition.

设计和合成高效稳定的氢进化反应（HER）电催化剂对于氢源的实际和大规模应用至关重要。近期研究的重点是调整电催化剂的电子结构，以实现最佳的氢进化反应活性，尤其强调通过界面工程来诱导电子转移和优化氢进化反应动力学。在本研究中，作为异质界面工程研究的一部分，通过简单的电纺丝和后煅烧工艺，制备了装饰在碳纳米纤维上的双金属 Cr0.48Ru0.52 合金纳米粒子（Cr0.48Ru0.52/CNFs），作为一种高效的碱性 HER 催化剂。Cr0.48Ru0.52/CNFs 具有优异的电催化 HER 性能，在 -10 mA cm-2 条件下过电位仅为 13 mV，Tafel 斜率为 60.8 mV dec-1，与商业基准催化剂（即 Ru/C 和 Pt/C）相比具有很高的催化活性。第一原理密度泛函理论计算支持这些结果，揭示了 Cr0.48Ru0.52 在电催化过程中平衡了质子还原（Volmer 步骤）和 H∗ 解吸（Tafel/Heyrovsky 步骤）过程，氢吸附 (ΔGH∗) 值（约 -0.11 eV）接近零就是证明。因此，本研究强调，Cr0.48Ru0.52/CNFs（惰性 Ru 仅占金属总含量的一半）可在碱性条件下促进最佳的 HER 动力学。

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引用次数: 0

Multifunctional molecular precursor with tunable nano-microarchitecture enables exceptional electromagnetic waves absorption 具有可调纳米微结构的多功能分子前体可实现卓越的电磁波吸收能力

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119804

Menghao Chen , Bo Liang , Xian He , Wei Tan , Hang Xiao , Wenjie Yang , Jianghuai Hu , Ke Zeng , Gang Yang

Multi-component carbon is a promising candidate for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. However, complex and non-green preparation process with low atomic utilization efficiency compromises the merits of carbon materials. Additionally, enhancing the electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) is highly desirable. To face the challenge, a multifunctional molecular precursor (DQSDCI) has been developed, characterized by high atom utilization efficiency (high char yield), abundant in-situ nitrogen doping, multi-sites for composite of nano-materials (e.g. CNT) or metal ion (e.g. iron) and green preparation (water solubility). The multi-component carbons derived from DQSDCI, featuring adjustable nanostructures (nanoribbons or nanosheets) and modifiable porosity, demonstrate outstanding EMWA. The multicomponent carbon of DQSDCI, iron and CNT (DQSDCI-Fe-CNT-700) demonstrated a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −69.57 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_max) of 5.7 GHz at about 2 mm thickness, covering a wide frequency range (4–18 GHz) by controlling the thickness between 1 and 5 mm. Moreover, simulation results indicated that the derived nanosheet is very promising application for aircraft stealth in a monostatic radar system. Abundant in-situ N doping, uniform distribution of MWCNT and ferromagnetic nanoparticles, hierarchical pore structures and various heterogeneous interfaces can synergistically improve the EMW attenuation ability by forming optimal impedance matching and multi-polarization loss.

多组分碳是一种很有前途的电磁波（EMW）吸收材料。然而，由于制备过程复杂且不绿色，原子利用效率低，碳材料的优点大打折扣。此外，增强电磁波吸收（EMWA）也是非常理想的。为了应对这一挑战，我们开发了一种多功能分子前驱体（DQSDCI），其特点是原子利用效率高（炭产量高）、原位掺氮丰富、多位点复合纳米材料（如 CNT）或金属离子（如铁）以及绿色制备（水溶性）。由 DQSDCI 衍生出的多组分碳具有可调节的纳米结构（纳米带或纳米片）和可调节的孔隙率，表现出卓越的 EMWA 特性。DQSDCI、铁和碳纳米管的多组分碳（DQSDCI-Fe-CNT-700）在厚度约为 2 毫米时，最小反射损耗（RLmin）为 -69.57 dB，最大有效吸收带宽（EABmax）为 5.7 GHz，厚度控制在 1 至 5 毫米之间，可覆盖较宽的频率范围（4-18 GHz）。此外，仿真结果表明，衍生的纳米片在单静态雷达系统中的飞机隐形应用前景非常广阔。丰富的原位 N 掺杂、MWCNT 和铁磁性纳米粒子的均匀分布、分层孔隙结构和各种异质界面可形成最佳阻抗匹配和多极化损耗，从而协同提高电磁波衰减能力。

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引用次数: 0

Disordering of graphene nanoplatelet, carbon nanotube and C60 fullerene under shear stress 石墨烯纳米板、碳纳米管和 C60 富勒烯在剪切应力作用下的无序化

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119802

Yi Yang , Mingzhi Yuan , Chao Qian , Chengyu Li , Yanping Yang , Xueyan Du , Hongliang Dong , Bin Chen

Carbon nanomaterials typically possess excellent mechanical properties, enabling them to withstand extreme physical environments. However, the response of different nanostructures under shear stress has not yet been experimentally investigated. In this study, we employ the rotational diamond anvil cell to apply pressure and shear to three carbon nanomaterials–graphene nanoplatelet, multi-wall carbon nanotube and C₆₀ fullerene–and investigate their structure evolution using Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Detailed analysis revealed that the materials exhibit distinct changes in their intrinsic structure. Specifically, defects and lattice distortion were introduced into graphene nanoplatelet, carbon nanotube broke down into curly graphene fragments, and C₆₀ completely transformed into amorphous carbon. The most compelling discovery is the remarkably high degree of amorphization process in C₆₀ at room temperature, accompanied by an sp³ hybridization fraction reaching 20.84 %. Our results underscore the profound impact of shear stress on the stability of carbon-based nanomaterials, provide new insights into their mechanical behavior and potential limitation in practical application, and offer a strategy for regulating these materials which have the strongest covalent bonds.

碳纳米材料通常具有优异的机械性能，使其能够承受极端的物理环境。然而，不同纳米结构在剪切应力下的反应尚未得到实验研究。在这项研究中，我们采用旋转金刚石砧单元对三种碳纳米材料--石墨烯纳米板、多壁碳纳米管和 C60 富勒烯--施加压力和剪切力，并利用拉曼光谱和电子显微镜研究它们的结构演变。详细分析显示，这些材料的内在结构发生了明显变化。具体地说，石墨烯纳米板中出现了缺陷和晶格畸变，碳纳米管分解成卷曲的石墨烯碎片，而 C60 则完全转变成了无定形碳。最引人注目的发现是 C60 在室温下的非晶化程度非常高，同时 sp3 杂化率达到 20.84%。我们的研究结果凸显了剪切应力对碳基纳米材料稳定性的深远影响，为了解碳基纳米材料的机械行为和在实际应用中的潜在限制提供了新的视角，并为调节这些具有最强共价键的材料提供了一种策略。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning framework for selective and sensitive metal ion sensing with nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots heterostructure 利用掺氮石墨烯量子点异质结构实现选择性灵敏金属离子传感的机器学习框架

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119800

Ruma Das , Abhirup Paria , P.K. Giri

This study introduces a machine learning (ML) framework to optimize photodetector performance for sensor applications. Using the data from the fabricated photodetector with the heterostructure of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot and gold nanoparticles (Au@N-GQDs), various supervised ML models (more than 20 models) are trained and tested for the selection and refinement of the most effective algorithm for our work. Depending on the best-performed ML model, the optimized working wavelength of the photodetector is found for the detection of metal ions. Remarkably, the ML-based sensor shows a high level of selectivity and sensitivity in nM level towards Fe³⁺ ions in Brahmaputra river water. A strong alignment between model predictions and experimental outcomes validates the efficacy of the proposed ML-based framework. Moreover, data visualization techniques such as heatmaps, classification algorithms, and confusion matrices are introduced to identify the trends in the database. The mechanistic insight of the sensor performance towards Fe³⁺ ion sensing is further explained with heatmap analysis and experimental verification, which emphasizes the role of photo-induced charge transfer and Fe–O bond formation between metal ions and Au@N-GQDs due to the high electron affinity of Fe³⁺ ions.

本研究介绍了一种机器学习（ML）框架，用于优化传感器应用中光电探测器的性能。利用氮掺杂石墨烯量子点和金纳米粒子（Au@N-GQDs）异质结构制造的光电探测器的数据，对各种有监督的 ML 模型（20 多个模型）进行了训练和测试，以便为我们的工作选择和改进最有效的算法。根据表现最佳的 ML 模型，找到了用于检测金属离子的光电探测器的优化工作波长。值得注意的是，基于 ML 的传感器对雅鲁藏布江水中的 Fe3+ 离子具有高水平的选择性和 nM 级的灵敏度。模型预测与实验结果的高度一致验证了所提出的基于 ML 的框架的有效性。此外，还引入了热图、分类算法和混淆矩阵等数据可视化技术，以识别数据库中的趋势。热图分析和实验验证进一步解释了传感器对 Fe3+ 离子传感性能的机理，强调了由于 Fe3+ 离子的高电子亲和力，光诱导电荷转移和金属离子与 Au@N-GQDs 之间形成 Fe-O 键的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Direct graphene growth on low-alloy and mild steel surfaces controlled by carbon solubility and surface microstructural transformations during chemical vapor deposition 在化学气相沉积过程中，低合金钢和低碳钢表面石墨烯的直接生长受碳溶解度和表面微结构转变的控制

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119801

Kaleb Hood, Nam Nguyen, Sebastian Lara, Adan Velasquez, Samuel Olson, Yi Xia, Jun Jiao

This study demonstrates for the first time, graphene grown directly on the iron-rich surfaces of bulk 8620 low-alloy and 1018 mild steel by chemical vapor deposition, a key step toward developing thin graphene coatings with strong graphene-steel bonding. Low growth temperatures of 660 °C–680 °C, were used to manipulate the steel's carbon solubility, confining carbon diffusion and microstructural transformations to the surface regions, with the bulk relatively unchanged. For 1018, a growth temperature of 680 °C resulted in a multilayer graphene coating with 80 % coverage. The alloying elements in 8620 improved graphene formation by influencing the surface microstructure transformations at these growth temperatures, with graphene coverage up to 95 %. The surface microstructure for 8620 affected graphene formation, seen in growths at 660 °C where a few-layer graphene coating formed from a cementite surface layer, and for growths at 680 °C where multi-layer graphene covered a pearlite dominant surface microstructure. Contact angle measurements confirmed the hydrophobicity of the graphene coating and electrochemical testing by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the 101 mV improvement to corrosion potential and an increase in impedance up to 18.23 kΩ. These detailed results regarding the direct growth of graphene as a coating layer on highly oxidation-sensitive steel surfaces suggest that this process is achievable through manipulating carbon solubility at the steel's surface by controlling temperature, alloy composition and surface microstructure transformations. These methods could be leveraged in developing protective graphene coatings for various iron-based alloys.

本研究首次展示了通过化学气相沉积法在大块 8620 低合金钢和 1018 低碳钢的富铁表面直接生长石墨烯，这是开发具有强石墨烯-钢结合力的薄石墨烯涂层的关键一步。660 ℃-680 ℃的低生长温度用于控制钢的碳溶解度，将碳扩散和微观结构转变限制在表面区域，而主体相对不变。在 1018 钢中，680 ℃ 的生长温度产生了覆盖率达 80% 的多层石墨烯涂层。在这些生长温度下，8620 中的合金元素影响了表面微观结构的转变，从而改善了石墨烯的形成，石墨烯覆盖率高达 95%。8620 的表面微观结构影响了石墨烯的形成，在 660 °C 的生长过程中，从雪明石表层形成了几层石墨烯涂层，而在 680 °C 的生长过程中，多层石墨烯覆盖了以珠光体为主的表面微观结构。接触角测量证实了石墨烯涂层的疏水性，通过电位极化和电化学阻抗光谱进行的电化学测试证实，腐蚀电位提高了 101 mV，阻抗增加到 18.23 kΩ。这些关于石墨烯作为涂层直接生长在对氧化高度敏感的钢表面的详细结果表明，通过控制温度、合金成分和表面微观结构变化来操纵碳在钢表面的溶解度，这一过程是可以实现的。可以利用这些方法为各种铁基合金开发石墨烯保护涂层。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical reduction and recovery of trace gold(I) from environmentally friendly thiosulfate leaching solutions using carbon electrodes 利用碳电极从环境友好型硫代硫酸盐浸出液中电化学还原和回收痕量金（I）

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119799

Qizheng Weng , Weiquan Zhan , Xuan Zhang , Shaoxian Song , Zhenlong Zeng , Hnin May Lwin , José Luis Arauz-Lara , Feifei Jia

Efficient recovery of Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻ at low concentrations is a key challenge for the development of environmentally friendly, cyanide-free thiosulfate leaching methods in industry. In the study, carbon materials including activated carbon (AC), graphite, and graphene were used as electrodes for electrochemical reduction and recovery (electro reduction-recovery) of trace gold(I) from thiosulfate leaching solutions (Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻). The results demonstrated that Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻ could be efficiently recovered in the form of Au⁰ with nearly 100 % recovery from both simulated and actual gold ore leaching solutions, significantly simplifying traditional recovery and reduction processes. Even in the presence of impurities such as cations and S₂O₃²⁻, recovery remained high, around 90 %. Among the parameters studied, applied voltage was the most critical for optimizing recovery, as it enhanced ion migration and significantly improved gold reduction. The study investigated the relationship between the intrinsic properties of carbon materials and their electrochemical reduction and recovery capabilities. Rich porosity of carbon materials promoted interactions with Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻, enhancing the electric double layer capacity, while π–π∗ satellite transitions played a dominant role in the charge transfer, thereby improving the reduction rate. This research offers new insights of the mechanisms behind the recovery of trace Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻ from thiosulfate leaching solutions through carbon electrodes.

在低浓度下高效回收 Au(S2O3)23- 是工业中开发环境友好型无氰硫酸盐浸出方法的关键挑战。在这项研究中，包括活性炭（AC）、石墨和石墨烯在内的碳材料被用作电极，用于从硫代硫酸盐浸出液（Au(S2O3)23-）中电化学还原和回收（电还原-回收）痕量金（I）。结果表明，Au(S2O3)23- 可以以 Au0 的形式从模拟和实际金矿石浸出液中高效回收，回收率接近 100%，大大简化了传统的回收和还原过程。即使存在阳离子和 S2O32- 等杂质，回收率仍然很高，约为 90%。在所研究的参数中，外加电压对优化回收率最为关键，因为它能增强离子迁移并显著提高金的还原度。研究调查了碳材料的内在特性与其电化学还原和回收能力之间的关系。碳材料丰富的孔隙率促进了与 Au(S2O3)23- 的相互作用，增强了电双层能力，而 π-π∗ 卫星转变在电荷转移中起主导作用，从而提高了还原率。这项研究为通过碳电极从硫代硫酸盐浸出液中回收痕量 Au(S2O3)23- 的机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Construction of NiCo2O4/NiCoO2 co-embedded porous bio-carbon with rich heterogeneous interfaces for excellent bacteriostatic microwave radiation protection 构建具有丰富异质界面的 NiCo2O4/NiCoO2 共嵌多孔生物碳，实现优异的微波辐射抑菌防护性能

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119798

Ting Hu , Di Lan , Jian Wang , Xiaozhong Zhong , Guixian Bu , Pengfei Yin

To attain the stable protection against electromagnetic radiation pollution in complex bacterial environment, herein the NiCo₂O₄ and NiCoO₂ co-embedded porous bio-carbon (PBC) with outstanding microwave absorption and anti-bacterial ability was successfully obtained via facile carbonization and immersion-annealing route. The component and microstructure of composites are both tightly affected by the synthetic temperature, which also influences the oxygen vacancy content and defect density within them. The strong interface polarizations from plentiful heterogeneous interfaces and dipole polarizations generated by defects and vacancies contribute greatly to the dielectric absorption, while the eddy-current loss and magnetic resonances have a certain effect as well. Under the matched impedance from magnetic-dielectric balance, the optimized absorption strength of prepared composite achieves −38.2 dB at 2.0 mm thickness with broad absorbing bandwidth of 7.01 GHz for only 2.31 mm. Moreover, the plentiful oxygen vacancies induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) together with heavy metal ions from nickel-cobalt ferrites can suppress the reproduction of Gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with anti-bacterial rates of 92.4 % and 93.2 %, respectively. The paper offers a novel insight to design dual-functional microwave absorber with excellent bacteriostatic performance for long-term using in complex bacterial environment.

为了在复杂的细菌环境中实现对电磁辐射污染的稳定防护，本文通过简便的碳化和浸渍-退火工艺，成功获得了具有优异微波吸收和抗菌能力的镍钴氧化物和镍钴氧化物共嵌多孔生物碳（PBC）。复合材料的组分和微观结构都受到合成温度的严格影响，而合成温度也会影响其中的氧空位含量和缺陷密度。丰富的异质界面产生的强界面极化以及缺陷和空位产生的偶极极化对介质吸收有很大的影响，同时涡流损耗和磁共振也有一定的影响。在磁介质平衡的匹配阻抗条件下，制备的复合材料在厚度为 2.0 mm 时的优化吸收强度达到了 -38.2 dB，仅 2.31 mm 就具有 7.01 GHz 的宽吸收带宽。此外，镍钴铁氧体中丰富的氧空位诱导的活性氧（ROS）和重金属离子可抑制革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌（E. coli）和革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）的繁殖，抗菌率分别为 92.4 % 和 93.2 %。该论文为设计具有优异抑菌性能的双功能微波吸收器提供了新的思路，使其能够在复杂的细菌环境中长期使用。

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引用次数: 0

Pulsed plasma vapour deposition of carbon materials: Advantages and challenges 碳材料的脉冲等离子气相沉积：优势与挑战

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119772

Carles Corbella , Asim Aijaz , Tomas Kubart , Li Lin , Sabine Portal , Michael Keidar

Here, we review the benefits of low-temperature pulsed plasma technology on the synthesis of amorphous and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films, and carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes. Physical and chemical vapour depositions of strong carbon materials are dominated in industry by magnetron sputtering and vacuum arc. At research stage, carbon deposition can be accomplished by many techniques involving pulsed discharges in vacuum or atmospheric pressure. Either by pulsed-DC glow discharge, high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA), or anodic arc discharge, the structural and mechanical properties of carbon-based samples can be tailored by adequately adjusting “plasma knobs”, namely peak power, pulse duration, and duty cycle. Milestones such as tuning surface properties via ion bombardment, enhancing plasma ionisation through energetic pulses, and stabilization of plasma processes for industrial implementation, are discussed. Also, pulsed plasma technology arises as an excellent laboratory to train machine learning algorithms thanks to the large variety of material properties. In conclusion, nonequilibrium plasmas operated with pulsed power provide exciting opportunities for (1) fabrication of new carbon architectures with desired functional properties for many applications, and (2) advancing our knowledge on carbon plasma chemistry via artificial intelligence resources.

在此，我们回顾了低温脉冲等离子体技术在合成无定形碳和类金刚石碳 (DLC) 薄膜、纳米晶金刚石 (NCD) 薄膜以及石墨烯和碳纳米管等碳纳米材料方面的优势。在工业领域，强碳材料的物理和化学气相沉积以磁控溅射和真空电弧为主。在研究阶段，许多涉及真空或大气压脉冲放电的技术都可以实现碳沉积。无论是脉冲直流辉光放电、高功率脉冲磁控溅射（HiPIMS）、滤波阴极真空电弧（FCVA）还是阳极电弧放电，都可以通过适当调节 "等离子体旋钮"（即峰值功率、脉冲持续时间和占空比）来调整碳基样品的结构和机械特性。本文讨论了通过离子轰击调整表面特性、通过高能脉冲增强等离子体电离以及稳定等离子体过程以实现工业化等里程碑式的问题。此外，脉冲等离子体技术因其材料特性的多样性而成为训练机器学习算法的绝佳实验室。总之，利用脉冲功率运行的非平衡等离子体为以下方面提供了令人兴奋的机会：（1）制造具有所需功能特性的新型碳结构，用于多种应用；（2）通过人工智能资源推进我们对碳等离子体化学的了解。

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引用次数: 0