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Ti3C2Tx MXene decorated with NiCo2O4 nanocubes enhances microwave absorption performance for 5G/6G applications through engineered interface polarization NiCo2O4纳米立方体修饰Ti3C2Tx MXene通过工程界面极化增强了5G/6G应用的微波吸收性能

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121308

Zhipeng Yu , Hanwen Zhang , Rongyu Zhai , Liyuan Liu , Xiubo Xie , Wei Du , Runhua Fan , Chuanxin Hou , Fushan Li

NiCo₂O₄ nanocubes anchored on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets were successfully fabricated via a simple mechanical mixing process followed by freeze-drying, aiming to develop lightweight and high-efficiency microwave absorbers for 5G/6G communication applications. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of dielectric loss from MXene and magnetic loss from NiCo₂O₄ nanocubes, the composites exhibited optimized impedance matching and enhanced interfacial polarization. Consequently, the NiCo₂O₄/MXene hybrid achieved a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −22.71 dB at 5.36 GHz. Moreover, an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.5 GHz was obtained at a thickness of 1.5 mm, demonstrating its strong broadband absorption capability. The electromagnetic simulation software also demonstrates that the radar absorbing coating has excellent radar scattering interface (RCS) attenuation properties. The simulation results, as influenced by the structure design, demonstrate an augmentation of the effective absorption bandwidth to 32.11 GHz, thereby encompassing the majority of the microwave communication range. This study offers a feasible route for tailoring MXene-based composites and highlights their potential in next-generation electromagnetic waves (EMWs) absorption and interference shielding for 5G/6G systems.

通过简单的机械混合和冷冻干燥工艺，成功制备了锚定在Ti3C2Tx MXene纳米片上的NiCo2O4纳米立方，旨在开发用于5G/6G通信应用的轻质高效微波吸收剂。利用MXene的介电损耗和NiCo2O4纳米立方的磁损耗的协同效应，复合材料表现出优化的阻抗匹配和增强的界面极化。因此，NiCo2O4/MXene混合材料在5.36 GHz时实现了最小反射损耗(RLmin) - 22.71 dB。在厚度为1.5 mm处获得了4.5 GHz的有效吸收带宽（EAB），显示了其较强的宽带吸收能力。电磁仿真软件还验证了该吸波涂层具有优异的雷达散射界面衰减性能。仿真结果表明，受结构设计的影响，有效吸收带宽增加到32.11 GHz，从而覆盖了大部分微波通信范围。这项研究为定制基于mxene的复合材料提供了一条可行的途径，并强调了它们在5G/6G系统的下一代电磁波（emw）吸收和干扰屏蔽方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient electromagnetic wave absorption of Ti3C2Tx composite hollow spheres via multilayer heterostructure impedance matching 多层异质结构阻抗匹配Ti3C2Tx复合空心球的高效电磁波吸收

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121286

Tianshuo Li , Mengke Qiao , Fu Chen , Pingan Chen , Xiangcheng Li

The outstanding dielectric properties of two-dimensional Ti₃C₂T_x endow it with great potential in the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. However, the accompanying impedance mismatch problem severely degrades its wave-absorbing performance. In this work, Ti₃C₂T_x@C–Co@SiO₂ hollow spheres with a multi-layered heterogeneous structure were prepared via the self-assembly method and sacrificial template method. The impedance matching performance was optimized by adjusting the SiO₂ coating amount. The experimental results show that the SiO₂ shell significantly reduces the surface conductivity of the material. When the addition amount of TEOS was 4 mL, Ti₃C₂T_x@C–Co@SiO₂ exhibited the optimal impedance matching performance. Meanwhile, the multi-layered coating structure created Ti₃C₂T_x/C, C/Co, and C/SiO₂ heterogeneous interfaces. Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used to intuitively demonstrate the charge accumulation generated at the heterogeneous interfaces, which is conducive to enhancing polarization loss. Proper impedance matching and abundant loss mechanisms enabled the Ti₃C₂T_x@C–Co@SiO₂ sample to achieve a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −51.8 dB at a thickness of 1.8 mm. As the thickness of SiO₂ varied, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of the samples could reach 3.9 GHz. All samples in the Ti₃C₂T_x@C–Co@SiO₂ series exhibited excellent impedance matching characteristics and EMW absorption performance. Therefore, the structural design in this study has been confirmed to play a crucial role in improving the surface impedance of the samples and enhancing their EMW absorption performance.

二维Ti3C2Tx优异的介电性能使其在电磁波吸收领域具有巨大的潜力。然而，伴随的阻抗失配问题严重降低了其吸波性能。本文通过自组装法和牺牲模板法制备了具有多层非均质结构的中空球体Ti3C2Tx@C - Co@SiO2。通过调整SiO2包覆量来优化阻抗匹配性能。实验结果表明，SiO2壳层显著降低了材料的表面电导率。当TEOS添加量为4 mL时，Ti3C2Tx@C - Co@SiO2的阻抗匹配性能最佳。同时，多层涂层结构形成Ti3C2Tx/C、C/Co和C/SiO2非均相界面。利用密度泛函理论（DFT）直观地说明了非均相界面处电荷的积累，有利于提高极化损耗。适当的阻抗匹配和丰富的损耗机制使Ti3C2Tx@C - Co@SiO2样品在厚度为1.8 mm时的最小反射损耗（RLmin）达到- 51.8 dB。随着SiO2厚度的变化，样品的有效吸收带宽（EAB）可达3.9 GHz。Ti3C2Tx@C - Co@SiO2系列样品均具有良好的阻抗匹配特性和EMW吸收性能。因此，本研究中的结构设计对于改善样品的表面阻抗和增强其EMW吸收性能起着至关重要的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Physics-informed neural network retrieval of spatially-resolved soot properties from multi-wavelength optical diagnostics 多波长光学诊断中空间分辨烟灰特性的物理信息神经网络检索

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121296

M. Littin , F. Escudero , E. Magaña , C. Lopez , M. Mazur , A. Fuentes , J. Yon

Improving models of soot formation is essential, which relies on accurate quantitative characterization of soot in standardized flames. Complete characterization requires the coupling of different diagnostic techniques. In the present work, spatially resolved soot properties are retrieved by jointly inverting line-of-sight attenuation (LOSA), spectral soot emission (SSE), and multi-angle light scattering (MALS) within a physics-informed neural network (PINN). The Rayleigh–Debye–Gans theory for Fractal Aggregates and Planck’s law are embedded, enabling the recovery of temperature, soot volume fraction, representative aggregate volume, composition fractions (amorphous, organic, graphitic) and optical index, under a single physics-constrained formulation. The framework is validated on synthetic datasets generated with the CoFlame code and perturbed with realistic noise. The method is then applied to spectrally resolved LOSA/SSE/MALS measurements in a laminar, axisymmetric ethylene coflow diffusion flame on a Gülder burner. For the first time, all measurands are determined simultaneously in agreement with combined multi-spectral data ranging from 405 to 750 nm. The coupling of LOSA, SSE, and MALS extends composition characterization to include amorphous carbon, which was not considered in previous advanced studies. A maturation trend from organic through amorphous to graphitic fractions is observed along streamlines. The proposed technique is shown to be innovative, and its calibration-free nature makes it very robust.

改进煤烟形成模型至关重要，这依赖于对标准化火焰中煤烟的准确定量表征。完整的表征需要不同诊断技术的结合。在本研究中，通过在物理信息神经网络（PINN）中联合反演视线衰减（LOSA）、光谱烟尘发射（SSE）和多角度光散射（MALS）来检索空间分辨烟尘特性。嵌入了分形聚集体的瑞利-德拜-甘斯理论和普朗克定律，使温度、烟尘体积分数、代表性聚集体体积、成分分数（无定形、有机、石墨）和光学指数在单一物理约束公式下得以恢复。该框架在CoFlame代码生成的合成数据集上进行了验证，并受到现实噪声的干扰。然后将该方法应用于层流轴对称乙烯共流扩散火焰中的光谱分辨LOSA/SSE/MALS测量。这是第一次，所有的测量结果都是同时确定的，与405到750 nm的多光谱数据一致。LOSA， SSE和MALS的耦合将成分表征扩展到包括无定形碳，这在以前的高级研究中没有考虑到。沿流线观察到从有机组分到非晶组分到石墨组分的成熟趋势。所提出的技术被证明是创新的，其无需校准的性质使其具有很强的鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic energy dissipation in Bouligand-structured carbon nanotube films under micro-ballistic impact 微弹道冲击下bouligand结构碳纳米管薄膜的动态能量耗散

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121277

Zechen Du , Qiuyun Yin , Kailu Xiao , Chenguang Huang , Xianqian Wu

Micro- and nano-structures significantly influence the macroscopic energy absorption capacity of materials. Inspired by the Bouligand structure, we demonstrate that carbon nanotube films (CNTFs) with graded switching-ply angles (SPAs) enable tunable impact energy absorption through hierarchical deformation pathways. By combining a two-dimensional ballistic impact model with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we systematically uncover the pivotal role of SPA in governing the energy absorption capacity and the intrinsic dissipation mechanism of the SPA CNTFs (SCNTFs) at various impact velocities. Under high-velocity impact (2 km/s), the projectile fully perforates the SCNTFs. The uppermost layer undergoes localized failure, the remaining interlayer CNTs are stretched, and the CNTs in the bottom layer slide away from the penetration center, forming multilevel stress-transfer networks that significantly enhance energy absorption efficiency. Besides the uppermost layer, moderately increasing the total SPA (TSPA) of the remaining layers and positioning the larger SPA configurations closer to the top can effectively enhance the energy absorption capacity of SCNTFs. When the impact velocity decreases to 0.5 km/s, no perforation of the film is observed, and the projectile rebounds. The friction between CNTs is the dominated energy dissipation mechanism. Under this condition, the energy dissipated by SCNTFs decreases as TSPA increases. Furthermore, simulations at an intermediate velocity (1.0 km/s) reveal a structure-dependent bifurcation, exhibiting characteristics of both regimes (perforation or rebound) and effectively bridging the high- and low-velocity behaviors. These findings illuminate the influence of SPA on laminated thin films and provide a micro- and nano-scale design strategy for impact energy dissipation under different impact velocities via gradient helicoidal structures.

微观和纳米结构对材料的宏观吸能能力有显著影响。受Bouligand结构的启发，我们证明了具有渐变开关铺层角（spa）的碳纳米管薄膜（CNTFs）通过分层变形途径实现可调的冲击能量吸收。通过将二维弹道冲击模型与粗粒度分子动力学模拟相结合，系统地揭示了SPA在不同冲击速度下控制SPA cntf （SCNTFs）的能量吸收能力和内在耗散机制中的关键作用。在高速冲击（2公里/秒）下，弹丸完全击穿SCNTFs。最上层发生局部破坏，层间剩余的CNTs被拉伸，底层的CNTs从渗透中心滑落，形成多层应力传递网络，显著提高了吸能效率。除了最上层外，适度增加其余层的总SPA (TSPA)，并将较大的SPA配置放置在更靠近顶部的位置，可以有效增强SCNTFs的吸能能力。当冲击速度降至0.5 km/s时，未观察到膜穿孔，弹丸反弹。碳纳米管之间的摩擦是主要的能量耗散机制。在此条件下，SCNTFs的能量耗散随TSPA的增加而减小。此外，在中等速度（1.0 km/s）下的模拟显示了结构依赖的分岔，表现出两种状态（射孔或反弹）的特征，并有效地连接了高速和低速行为。这些发现阐明了SPA对层合薄膜的影响，并为不同冲击速度下梯度螺旋结构的冲击能量耗散提供了微纳米尺度的设计策略。

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引用次数: 0

Laser-induced pitch-derived carbon with highly conductive graphite domains for high-performance lithium/potassium storage 具有高导电性石墨畴的激光诱导沥青衍生碳用于高性能锂/钾存储

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121303

Longfei Du , Xin Gu , Yapeng Li , Mengdi Zhang , Mingbo Wu

Highly conductive porous carbon materials are promising candidates for next-generation potassium- and lithium-ion storage. However, conventional templating approaches often impose an inherent trade-off between electrical conductivity and porous architecture, ultimately limiting capacity and rate performance. In this work, we propose a laser-induced pitch-derived carbon (LIPC) strategy that enables the in situ formation of localized graphitic domains within a three-dimensional porous carbon framework. This design ensures continuous electron transport pathways while preserving accessible ion diffusion channels. The optimized LIPC-8 delivers a high potassium-ion storage capacity of 370.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and retains 90.8 % of its capacity after 1600 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹. As a lithium-ion battery anode, LIPC-8 maintains a reversible capacity of 801.7 mAh g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles at 0.372 A g⁻¹. In situ Raman spectroscopy confirms a two-step “adsorption–intercalation” storage mechanism in LIPC-8. To further validate its practical applicability, a potassium-ion hybrid capacitor (PIHC) was assembled using LIPC-8 as the anode and commercial activated carbon as the cathode, achieving a maximum energy density of 125.5 Wh kg⁻¹ at 205 W kg⁻¹ and excellent cycling stability over 10,000 cycles.

高导电性多孔碳材料是下一代钾离子和锂离子存储的有希望的候选者。然而，传统的模板方法通常在导电性和多孔结构之间进行固有的权衡，最终限制了容量和速率性能。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种激光诱导沥青衍生碳（LIPC）策略，该策略能够在三维多孔碳框架内原位形成局部石墨畴。这种设计确保了连续的电子传递途径，同时保留了可访问的离子扩散通道。优化后的LIPC-8在0.1 ag - 1下可提供370.7 mAh g - 1的高钾离子存储容量，在1 ag - 1下循环1600次后仍能保持90.8%的容量。作为锂离子电池的负极，在0.372 a g - 1下循环1000次后，LIPC-8的可逆容量为801.7 mAh g - 1。原位拉曼光谱证实了LIPC-8的两步“吸附-插层”储存机制。为了进一步验证其实际适用性，以LIPC-8为阳极，商用活性炭为阴极组装了钾离子混合电容器（PIHC），在205 W kg - 1下实现了125.5 Wh kg - 1的最大能量密度，并且在10,000次循环中具有出色的循环稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Direct laser writing carbon lines on polyimide film tailored for highly sensitive strain sensors with low temperature coefficient 直接激光书写碳线的聚酰亚胺薄膜定制的高灵敏度应变传感器与低温系数

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121275

Chenxin Sa , Dini Qing , Yanbo Yao , Tao Liu

Direct laser writing carbonization (DLWc) has been proved to be a highly promising technique for fabricating low-cost piezoresistive sensors. Nevertheless, there remains a great challenge to develop the highly sensitive DLWc enabled strain sensor with low temperature coefficient to impart the sensor with self-temperature-compensation ability. In the present study, we comprehensively investigate the effect of laser processing conditions, carbon line design pattern and testing temperature on the electrical transport characteristics for the carbon lines fabricated by DLWc. Upon mapping the large experimental space to achieve the DLWc carbon lines with a nominal sheet resistance ranging from 1 Ω/sq to 10⁷ Ω/sq, we discovered that the synergistic effect of the laser processing conditions and the carbon line design parameter can make the dotted carbon line convert from an NTC (negative temperature coefficient of resistance) behaviour to that of PTC (positive temperature coefficient of resistance). On the basis of this discovery and along with the combined treatment of strain engineering straining and infusion of PDMS elastomer, we fabricated the DLWc enabled dotted line strain sensor with high piezoresistive sensitivity (gauge factor >1000) and low temperature coefficient and successfully demonstrated its use for sensing small mechanical deformation and high-frequency vibration, as well as for wearable sensor in registering the wrist and finger gesture status, monitoring the heartbeats, and measuring the blood pressure. This study paves the way for developing the DLWc enabled high-performance and low-cost strain sensors with high sensitivity and self-temperature compensation ability.

直接激光写入碳化（DLWc）已被证明是一种极有前途的低成本压阻传感器制造技术。然而，如何开发高灵敏度的低温度系数DLWc应变传感器，使其具有自温度补偿能力，仍然是一个很大的挑战。在本研究中，我们全面研究了激光加工条件、碳线设计模式和测试温度对DLWc制备的碳线电输运特性的影响。通过绘制大的实验空间来实现标称片电阻为1 Ω/sq ~ 107 Ω/sq的DLWc碳线，我们发现激光加工条件和碳线设计参数的协同作用可以使点碳线从NTC（负电阻温度系数）行为转变为PTC（正电阻温度系数）行为。在这一发现的基础上，结合应变工程应变和PDMS弹性体注入的综合处理，我们制造了具有高压阻灵敏度（测量因子>；1000）和低温系数的DLWc启用虚线应变传感器，并成功地演示了其用于感应小机械变形和高频振动，以及用于记录手腕和手指手势状态的可穿戴传感器。监测心跳，测量血压。该研究为开发具有高灵敏度和自温度补偿能力的高性能低成本DLWc应变传感器铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

OPTIMIZING MESOPHASE PITCH SPINNING USING MELT SPINNING PROCESS EQUATIONS, AND THE FIBER STRUCTURE PRODUCED 利用熔体纺丝工艺方程对中间相螺距纺丝进行优化，得到纤维结构

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121198

Sun Xiang , Gong Rui-fu , Lu Yong-gen

引用次数: 0

DENSIFICATION AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF CYLINDRICAL GRAPHITE-BASED FUEL ELEMENTS USED IN A MOLTEN SALT REACTOR 熔盐堆中圆柱形石墨基燃料元件的致密化和热性能

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121199

Wang Gan , Wang Hao-ran , Lu Lin-yuan , Li Wan-lin , Chen Nan-nan , He Yun , Zhong Ya-juan , Lin Jun

引用次数: 0

EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF TEREPHTHALIC ACID ON THE FORMATION OF COAL TAR PITCH-BASED MESOPHASE IN THE AlCl3 CATALYTIC SYSTEM 对苯二甲酸的加入对AlCl3催化体系中煤沥青基中间相形成的影响

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121197

Li Hui , Yang Tao , Song Yan , Zhao Ning , Ma Zi-hui , Qi Su-xia , Cui Zhen-hai , Tian Xiao-dong , Liu Zhan-jun

引用次数: 0

A REVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS ON CO2 HYDROGENATION TO METHANE BY Ni-BASED CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON CARBON MATERIALS 摘要碳负载镍基催化剂在二氧化碳加氢制甲烷方面的研究进展

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121189

Yu Sun , Huo Kai-xuan , Fang Hai-qiu , Wang Yang , Wu Ming-bo

引用次数: 0

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