In light of recent advancements, a novel platinum-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been developed utilizing hierarchical MoS2 structures in conjunction with bio-derived carbon materials. Carbon fibers produced from cotton and molybdenum-doped carbon rods synthesized from melamine were fabricated through a straightforward hydrothermal process, which significantly enhanced both electrocatalytic activity and stability. The resulting counter electrodes exhibited notably low charge transfer resistances of 9.45 Ω and 6.43 Ω, thus facilitating efficient redox reactions. Consequently, DSSCs incorporating these materials achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies of 7.04 % and 7.58 %, surpassing traditional platinum-based counter electrodes, which recorded an efficiency of 7.50 %. Furthermore, the high optical transmittance of these materials renders them suitable for bifacial DSSCs, broadening their potential applications. This research underscores the promise of bio-inspired carbon composites as sustainable and efficient alternatives in solar energy technologies, offering an environmentally friendly substitute for conventional noble metal electrodes.
{"title":"Cotton-derived carbon fibers and MoS2 hybrids for efficient I3− reduction in bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"Shanyukta Upadhyay, Santhosh Narendhiran, Manoj Balachandran","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of recent advancements, a novel platinum-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been developed utilizing hierarchical MoS<sub>2</sub> structures in conjunction with bio-derived carbon materials. Carbon fibers produced from cotton and molybdenum-doped carbon rods synthesized from melamine were fabricated through a straightforward hydrothermal process, which significantly enhanced both electrocatalytic activity and stability. The resulting counter electrodes exhibited notably low charge transfer resistances of 9.45 Ω and 6.43 Ω, thus facilitating efficient redox reactions. Consequently, DSSCs incorporating these materials achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies of 7.04 % and 7.58 %, surpassing traditional platinum-based counter electrodes, which recorded an efficiency of 7.50 %. Furthermore, the high optical transmittance of these materials renders them suitable for bifacial DSSCs, broadening their potential applications. This research underscores the promise of bio-inspired carbon composites as sustainable and efficient alternatives in solar energy technologies, offering an environmentally friendly substitute for conventional noble metal electrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120248"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120253
Mengna Feng , Haiyue Qiu , Huimin Jiang , Wenjie Gao , Jing Lin , Xing Liu
The construction of graphite-phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based heterojunction composites using the S-Scheme charge transfer mechanism is an effective strategy to enhance the photocatalytic production of H2O2. Herein, Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 heterojunction composites, featuring Bi clusters as charge transport mediators, were synthesized using self-assembly and in situ generation methods. Synchrotron radiation tests revealed the presence of Bi–Bi bonds, as well as Bi–N bonds, which not only facilitates the effective adsorption of reactive substances but also enhances charge transport at the interface. The successful construction of the S-Scheme charge transfer mechanism promotes the spatial separation of carriers in the conduction band, thereby inhibiting their recombination while maintaining a strong redox potential. This enhancement increases both the quantity and diversity of free radical species, ultimately boosting the generation of H2O2. Theoretical analyses indicate that the presence of Bi clusters reduces the adsorption energy of ∗OOH during the reaction. Notably, under visible light and simulated sunlight irradiation, the H2O2 generation rates of B–BSO/g-CN reached 191.1 μmol L−1 h−1 and 156.1 μmol L−1 h−1, which represent increases of 7.5 and 8.5 times, respectively, compared to pristine g-CN. This study underscores the significance of modulating the photocatalytic pathway through the targeted selection of metal clusters and reaction processes.
{"title":"Accompanying Bi clusters can effectively enhance the photocatalytic H2O2 production performance of Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 S-Scheme heterostructures","authors":"Mengna Feng , Haiyue Qiu , Huimin Jiang , Wenjie Gao , Jing Lin , Xing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of graphite-phase carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) based heterojunction composites using the S-Scheme charge transfer mechanism is an effective strategy to enhance the photocatalytic production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Herein, Bi<sub>2</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> heterojunction composites, featuring Bi clusters as charge transport mediators, were synthesized using self-assembly and in situ generation methods. Synchrotron radiation tests revealed the presence of Bi–Bi bonds, as well as Bi–N bonds, which not only facilitates the effective adsorption of reactive substances but also enhances charge transport at the interface. The successful construction of the S-Scheme charge transfer mechanism promotes the spatial separation of carriers in the conduction band, thereby inhibiting their recombination while maintaining a strong redox potential. This enhancement increases both the quantity and diversity of free radical species, ultimately boosting the generation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Theoretical analyses indicate that the presence of Bi clusters reduces the adsorption energy of ∗OOH during the reaction. Notably, under visible light and simulated sunlight irradiation, the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation rates of B–BSO/g-CN reached 191.1 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> and 156.1 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, which represent increases of 7.5 and 8.5 times, respectively, compared to pristine g-CN. This study underscores the significance of modulating the photocatalytic pathway through the targeted selection of metal clusters and reaction processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120253"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120249
Xueping Wu , Haixia Huang , Kui Wang , Youjun Jiang , Yang Zhang , Shi Jin , Jianfei Zhu , Xianlong Zhang
Achieving broadband electromagnetic wave absorption remains a critical challenge in the field of microwave absorption (MA), particularly due to the difficulty in attaining optimal impedance matching across a wide frequency range. This study addresses this issue by employing rational component optimization and advanced macrostructural design strategies. Silicon-coated carbon black (CB/SiO2) composites were synthesized via an improved sol-gel method, enabling precise modulation of electromagnetic parameters, impedance matching, and MA properties by controlling the content of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). This approach enhanced impedance matching and interface polarization, resulting in superior MA performance. Notably, the CB/SiO2-0.5 composite achieved a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −63.03 dB at a thickness of 2.0 mm with a filler loading of 10 wt%. To further enhance broadband absorption, a macroscopic honeycomb-structured absorber based on CB/SiO2-0.5 was designed using electromagnetic simulation software (CST). The resulting absorber demonstrated an exceptional maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 12.048 GHz. Simulated S-parameters confirmed that the honeycomb structure significantly improved impedance matching across a broad frequency range compared to the CB/SiO2 flat structure alone. This study not only establishes a scalable method for fabricating high-performance MA materials but also highlights the potential of electromagnetic simulations in optimizing absorber designs for broadband applications.
{"title":"Designing lightweight honeycomb-structured CB/SiO2 composites for exceptional broadband microwave absorption through nanoscale and macrostructural optimization","authors":"Xueping Wu , Haixia Huang , Kui Wang , Youjun Jiang , Yang Zhang , Shi Jin , Jianfei Zhu , Xianlong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving broadband electromagnetic wave absorption remains a critical challenge in the field of microwave absorption (MA), particularly due to the difficulty in attaining optimal impedance matching across a wide frequency range. This study addresses this issue by employing rational component optimization and advanced macrostructural design strategies. Silicon-coated carbon black (CB/SiO<sub>2</sub>) composites were synthesized via an improved sol-gel method, enabling precise modulation of electromagnetic parameters, impedance matching, and MA properties by controlling the content of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). This approach enhanced impedance matching and interface polarization, resulting in superior MA performance. Notably, the CB/SiO<sub>2</sub>-0.5 composite achieved a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −63.03 dB at a thickness of 2.0 mm with a filler loading of 10 wt%. To further enhance broadband absorption, a macroscopic honeycomb-structured absorber based on CB/SiO<sub>2</sub>-0.5 was designed using electromagnetic simulation software (CST). The resulting absorber demonstrated an exceptional maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB<sub>max</sub>) of 12.048 GHz. Simulated S-parameters confirmed that the honeycomb structure significantly improved impedance matching across a broad frequency range compared to the CB/SiO<sub>2</sub> flat structure alone. This study not only establishes a scalable method for fabricating high-performance MA materials but also highlights the potential of electromagnetic simulations in optimizing absorber designs for broadband applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120249"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120251
Ewan S. Scougall , Bastien Anézo , Yuri Tanuma , Henry J. Chandler , Chris Ewels , Renald Schaub , Eleanor E.B. Campbell
We demonstrate controlled STM-induced modification/destruction of Ih-C60 supported on a Cu(111) surface, showing that the molecule is more resilient to high currents for bias voltages greater than ca. 3.5 V. This is due to the enhanced charge transport through the diffuse SAMO orbitals of the molecule with lower probability for electron-vibration coupling than found for resonant low bias transport through π-molecular orbitals. Experimental and theoretical DFT results demonstrate the destruction mechanism comes from C2 emission from the fullerene cage and the formation of smaller fullerenes via sequential emission of C2.
{"title":"Controlled high-current-induced scanning tunnelling microscope modification of C60","authors":"Ewan S. Scougall , Bastien Anézo , Yuri Tanuma , Henry J. Chandler , Chris Ewels , Renald Schaub , Eleanor E.B. Campbell","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate controlled STM-induced modification/destruction of <em>I</em><sub><em>h</em></sub>-C<sub>60</sub> supported on a Cu(111) surface, showing that the molecule is more resilient to high currents for bias voltages greater than ca. 3.5 V. This is due to the enhanced charge transport through the diffuse SAMO orbitals of the molecule with lower probability for electron-vibration coupling than found for resonant low bias transport through π-molecular orbitals. Experimental and theoretical DFT results demonstrate the destruction mechanism comes from C<sub>2</sub> emission from the fullerene cage and the formation of smaller fullerenes via sequential emission of C<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120251"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A specific carbon lamella structure formed during the carbonization treatment of naphthalene-based anisotropic pitch and anisotropic coal tar pitch was investigated. Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the lamellae, despite being several tens of microns in size, were so thin that the TEM microgrid beneath the sample was visible through them, making them quite different from other common carbon particles. However, the detailed structure of the lamellae was not yet known.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the detailed structure, formation process, properties, and surface conditions of carbon lamellae exhibiting unusual shapes. By tracing the formation process of the carbon lamellae, using various microscopy techniques, it was found that the structure of the lamella consisted of thick stacks of extremely thin hexagonal carbon layers. The edges of these layers were oriented perpendicular to the lamellar surfaces (edge-on). The lamellae were created on the surface of the thinner pores during foaming of the sample. The specific carbon lamellae were found to be graphitized in the same way as other normal carbons. Atomic force microscopy confirmed that these edge-on carbon layers could be clearly imaged.
Until now, little attention has been paid to the existence of this specific carbon lamellae and their applications. However, since the edge sites of hexagonal carbon layers are much more reactive than those of basal planes, active utilization of hexagonal carbon layers is expected to lead to a variety of unprecedented applications. Further investigation of these edge sites is anticipated to open new scientific fields.
{"title":"Structural analysis and elucidation of the formation process of specific carbon lamellae formed during the carbonization and graphitization of pitch","authors":"Kyoichi Oshida , Kenji Takeuchi , Sylvie Bonnamy , Tatsuo Nakazawa , Morinobu Endo","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A specific carbon lamella structure formed during the carbonization treatment of naphthalene-based anisotropic pitch and anisotropic coal tar pitch was investigated. Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the lamellae, despite being several tens of microns in size, were so thin that the TEM microgrid beneath the sample was visible through them, making them quite different from other common carbon particles. However, the detailed structure of the lamellae was not yet known.</div><div>The purpose of this study was to analyze the detailed structure, formation process, properties, and surface conditions of carbon lamellae exhibiting unusual shapes. By tracing the formation process of the carbon lamellae, using various microscopy techniques, it was found that the structure of the lamella consisted of thick stacks of extremely thin hexagonal carbon layers. The edges of these layers were oriented perpendicular to the lamellar surfaces (edge-on). The lamellae were created on the surface of the thinner pores during foaming of the sample. The specific carbon lamellae were found to be graphitized in the same way as other normal carbons. Atomic force microscopy confirmed that these edge-on carbon layers could be clearly imaged.</div><div>Until now, little attention has been paid to the existence of this specific carbon lamellae and their applications. However, since the edge sites of hexagonal carbon layers are much more reactive than those of basal planes, active utilization of hexagonal carbon layers is expected to lead to a variety of unprecedented applications. Further investigation of these edge sites is anticipated to open new scientific fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120247"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120250
Yunseong Ji , Jeong Min Jang , Ju Yeon Kim , Eunji Choi , Hyeongwon Jeong , Choong Hoo Lee , Suhyeon Lee , Yeonji Kwak , Yonghwi Cho , Hwayong Lee , Jae-ha Myung , Byeonggwan Kim , Seon Joon Kim , Dae Woo Kim
Developing a multiscale hierarchical structure is advantageous for leveraging multiple EMI shielding mechanisms. Here, we present a seldom-reported method for synthesizing highly concentrated and well-dispersed carbon nanotube (CNT) composite materials that can be made into free-standing films without complex processing or binder materials. By combining multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) with single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), we form a unique, highly entangled scaffold referred to as the single-walled nanotube and multi-walled nanotube complex (SMCNT). This self-assembles in the solvent after a proper functionalization process and mechanical mixing. Owing to its hybrid scaffold structure, the SMCNT dispersion can reach concentrations of up to 90 mg/mL, exhibiting viscoelastic rheological properties. This hybrid structure also enhances both the electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness in the resultant CNT films. Moreover, the SMCNT dispersion can be easily applied to large areas via the commercial shear coating method, making it suitable for various practical applications. The SMCNT composites exhibit outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness of up to 15,860 dB/mm and maintain stable shielding performance under 85/85 test conditions for approximately two weeks. This superior EMI shielding behavior is attributed to the dense, interwoven CNT network, which maximizes the air/material interface, as well as the intrinsic electrical conductivity and the chemical stability of CNTs.
{"title":"SWCNT/MWCNT binderless hybrid hydrogel: Towards large-scale high-performance EMI shielding coating at commercial level","authors":"Yunseong Ji , Jeong Min Jang , Ju Yeon Kim , Eunji Choi , Hyeongwon Jeong , Choong Hoo Lee , Suhyeon Lee , Yeonji Kwak , Yonghwi Cho , Hwayong Lee , Jae-ha Myung , Byeonggwan Kim , Seon Joon Kim , Dae Woo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a multiscale hierarchical structure is advantageous for leveraging multiple EMI shielding mechanisms. Here, we present a seldom-reported method for synthesizing highly concentrated and well-dispersed carbon nanotube (CNT) composite materials that can be made into free-standing films without complex processing or binder materials. By combining multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) with single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), we form a unique, highly entangled scaffold referred to as the single-walled nanotube and multi-walled nanotube complex (SMCNT). This self-assembles in the solvent after a proper functionalization process and mechanical mixing. Owing to its hybrid scaffold structure, the SMCNT dispersion can reach concentrations of up to 90 mg/mL, exhibiting viscoelastic rheological properties. This hybrid structure also enhances both the electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness in the resultant CNT films. Moreover, the SMCNT dispersion can be easily applied to large areas via the commercial shear coating method, making it suitable for various practical applications. The SMCNT composites exhibit outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness of up to 15,860 dB/mm and maintain stable shielding performance under 85/85 test conditions for approximately two weeks. This superior EMI shielding behavior is attributed to the dense, interwoven CNT network, which maximizes the air/material interface, as well as the intrinsic electrical conductivity and the chemical stability of CNTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120250"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120245
Wancheng Ren , Yan Xiong , Lei Yang , Yafei Zhang , Huanyu Liang , Chunliu Zhu , Xinyu Wang , Jingwei Chen , Weiqian Tian , Minghua Huang , Huanlei Wang
Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) offer significant potential for energy storage applications, owing to their high energy density, excellent power density, and the abundance of sodium resources. However, the specific capacity of carbon-based cathodes is considerably lower than that of battery-type anodes, creating a capacity imbalance that limits the overall energy density of SIHCs. Therefore, developing high-performance carbon cathodes is crucial for enhancing their energy storage capabilities. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of sulfur- and oxygen-doped porous carbon (SOPC). The resulting material features an interconnected, honeycomb-like pore structure with an exceptionally high specific surface area of 1219 m2 g−1. Its hierarchical pore structure significantly improves ion transport and accelerates adsorption/desorption processes. Additionally, the SOPC contains 6.96 % sulfur and 9.84 % oxygen. The introduction of sulfur enhances the pseudocapacitive behavior of the oxygen-rich porous carbon, achieving a high specific capacity of 135.2 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and 63.8 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. Consequently, SOPC-based SIHCs exhibit an impressive energy density of 105.6 Wh kg−1 and excellent capacity retention of 83.5 % after 4000 cycles at 10 A g−1. These results highlight the considerable potential of sulfur-modulated, oxygen-rich porous carbon materials for high-performance energy storage applications.
{"title":"Sulfur modulated oxygen-rich porous carbon exhibiting high-capacity as cathode for sodium ion hybrid capacitors","authors":"Wancheng Ren , Yan Xiong , Lei Yang , Yafei Zhang , Huanyu Liang , Chunliu Zhu , Xinyu Wang , Jingwei Chen , Weiqian Tian , Minghua Huang , Huanlei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) offer significant potential for energy storage applications, owing to their high energy density, excellent power density, and the abundance of sodium resources. However, the specific capacity of carbon-based cathodes is considerably lower than that of battery-type anodes, creating a capacity imbalance that limits the overall energy density of SIHCs. Therefore, developing high-performance carbon cathodes is crucial for enhancing their energy storage capabilities. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of sulfur- and oxygen-doped porous carbon (SOPC). The resulting material features an interconnected, honeycomb-like pore structure with an exceptionally high specific surface area of 1219 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. Its hierarchical pore structure significantly improves ion transport and accelerates adsorption/desorption processes. Additionally, the SOPC contains 6.96 % sulfur and 9.84 % oxygen. The introduction of sulfur enhances the pseudocapacitive behavior of the oxygen-rich porous carbon, achieving a high specific capacity of 135.2 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.05 A g<sup>−1</sup> and 63.8 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 10 A g<sup>−1</sup>. Consequently, SOPC-based SIHCs exhibit an impressive energy density of 105.6 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and excellent capacity retention of 83.5 % after 4000 cycles at 10 A g<sup>−1</sup>. These results highlight the considerable potential of sulfur-modulated, oxygen-rich porous carbon materials for high-performance energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120245"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120244
Jie Huang, Liuying Wang, Gu Liu, Weichao Wang, Chaoqun Ge, Haoke Yang, Xinyuan Jing, Bin Wang
With the rapid development of radar detection systems, the issue of electromagnetic wave stealth has become increasingly prominent. This paper presents a fabrication strategy for a composite material composed of CoFe2O4 quantum dots in situ loaded onto CNTs through a multi-ligand combined thermal carbon shock, aiming to optimize multiple loss mechanisms for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption. The CoFe2O4 quantum dots serve as loss centers, enhancing the heterogeneous charge distribution and the synergistic effects of magnetic resonance and magnetic exchange due to their supercritical size. Concurrently, the CNTs construct an efficient conductive network, providing a pathway for the free electrons within the CoFe2O4 crystals and enhancing conductive loss. The composite achieves an effective bandwidth of 8.02 GHz and a maximum absorption of −52.7 dB at a filling ratio of only 25 %, nearly covering the X and Ku bands. Furthermore, computer simulation techniques indicate that this coating exhibits excellent radar stealth performance on the F-22 Raptor fighter jet, presenting potential for the development and application of a new type of lightweight stealth coating.
{"title":"Regulating heterogeneous charge distribution/magnetic resonance via ligand constraints for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Jie Huang, Liuying Wang, Gu Liu, Weichao Wang, Chaoqun Ge, Haoke Yang, Xinyuan Jing, Bin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of radar detection systems, the issue of electromagnetic wave stealth has become increasingly prominent. This paper presents a fabrication strategy for a composite material composed of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> quantum dots in situ loaded onto CNTs through a multi-ligand combined thermal carbon shock, aiming to optimize multiple loss mechanisms for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption. The CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> quantum dots serve as loss centers, enhancing the heterogeneous charge distribution and the synergistic effects of magnetic resonance and magnetic exchange due to their supercritical size. Concurrently, the CNTs construct an efficient conductive network, providing a pathway for the free electrons within the CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> crystals and enhancing conductive loss. The composite achieves an effective bandwidth of 8.02 GHz and a maximum absorption of −52.7 dB at a filling ratio of only 25 %, nearly covering the X and Ku bands. Furthermore, computer simulation techniques indicate that this coating exhibits excellent radar stealth performance on the F-22 Raptor fighter jet, presenting potential for the development and application of a new type of lightweight stealth coating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120244"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120241
Yuting Lin , Xuan Zhou , Yirong Wang , Jianhua Hou , Dongmei Wang , Guoxiu Tong , Yu Cao
With the widespread application of microwave technology in communication, remote sensing, and the military, the potential risks of electromagnetic radiation to human health have raised significant concerns. As a result, the development of efficient microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) has become a key research focus. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as ideal candidates for MAMs due to their high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable structures. Moreover, MOF-derived MAMs typically exhibit excellent conductivity and magnetism, while the abundant defects and interfaces further enhance their microwave absorption performance. This article briefly explores the impact of electromagnetic waves on the environment, electronic devices, and human health, with a particular emphasis on the microwave absorption mechanisms of MOF-based MAMs. It also reviews the latest research progress on MOF-derived MAMs and concludes with a discussion on the future opportunities and challenges in this field.
{"title":"Progress of MOFs composites in the field of microwave absorption","authors":"Yuting Lin , Xuan Zhou , Yirong Wang , Jianhua Hou , Dongmei Wang , Guoxiu Tong , Yu Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the widespread application of microwave technology in communication, remote sensing, and the military, the potential risks of electromagnetic radiation to human health have raised significant concerns. As a result, the development of efficient microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) has become a key research focus. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as ideal candidates for MAMs due to their high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable structures. Moreover, MOF-derived MAMs typically exhibit excellent conductivity and magnetism, while the abundant defects and interfaces further enhance their microwave absorption performance. This article briefly explores the impact of electromagnetic waves on the environment, electronic devices, and human health, with a particular emphasis on the microwave absorption mechanisms of MOF-based MAMs. It also reviews the latest research progress on MOF-derived MAMs and concludes with a discussion on the future opportunities and challenges in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120241"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120221
Michelle E. Wolf , Walker M. Vickery , Wyatt Swift-Ramirez , Anne M. Arnold , Jason D. Orlando , Stephen J. Schmidt , Yaxuan Liu , Jasmin Er , Robert Schusterbauer , Rameez Ahmed , Philip Nickl , Jörg Radnik , Ievgen Donskyi , Stefanie A. Sydlik
Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising biomaterial as it is easily and cheaply synthesized, strong, cytocompatible, osteoinductive, and has a well-characterized aqueous degradation pathway. It is also a great substrate for functionalization with biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, and small molecules that can enhance or add bioactivity. Covalent chemical linkages as opposed to typical noncovalent association methods are preferable so that the biomolecules do not quickly diffuse away or face replacement by other proteins, which is critical in long time scale applications like bone regeneration. However, covalent chemistry tends to carry a drawback of harsh reaction conditions that can damage the structure, conformation, and therefore function of a delicate biomolecule like a protein. Here, the Mitsunobu reaction is introduced as a novel method of covalently attaching proteins to graphene oxide. It features gentle reaction conditions and has the added benefit of utilizing the plentiful basal plane alcohol functionalities on graphene oxide, allowing for high yield protein functionalization. The amino acid Glycine (G), the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the small molecule SVAK-12 are utilized to create the three Mitsunobu Graphene (MG) materials G-MG, BSA-MG, and SVAK-MG that demonstrate the wide applicability of this functionalization method.
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