Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121274
Yingyi Wang , Yangyilan Yuan , Xingru Fang , Ya Liu , Qiang Xiao , Leihong Zhao , Muslum Demir , Osman Safa Çifçi , Linlin Wang , Xin Hu
The persistent emission of carbon tetrafluoride (CF4), a potent greenhouse gas with a >50,000-year lifetime and ∼6630 global warming potential, poses a serious challenge to climate mitigation. Conventional abatement techniques such as thermal and plasma decomposition are energy-intensive and ineffective for dilute CF4 streams, making adsorption on porous carbons a more promising and sustainable alternative. In this study, hazelnut shell, an abundant agricultural waste, was employed as a carbon precursor to synthesize porous carbons via pre-carbonization followed by KOH activation under varying activation temperatures and KOH ratios. Comprehensive characterization revealed that the optimized adsorbent possessed a high BET surface area (1625 m2 g−1), a large narrow micropore volume (0.72 cm3 g−1), and a carbon-rich surface chemistry. These attributes resulted in superior CF4 adsorption capacities of 2.50 mmol g−1 at 25 °C and 3.61 mmol g−1 at 0 °C under 1 bar, along with fast adsorption kinetics (90 % uptake within 5 min), excellent CF4/N2 selectivity (∼9), and outstanding cyclic stability (>97 % capacity retention after twenty cycles). These findings demonstrate that biomass-derived porous carbons with well-tailored microporous architectures can efficiently capture CF4 under mild conditions, providing a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable strategy for mitigating emissions of this long-lived greenhouse gas.
四氟化碳（CF4）是一种强效温室气体，寿命为5万年，全球变暖潜势为~ 6630年，其持续排放对减缓气候变化构成严重挑战。传统的减排技术，如热分解和等离子体分解是能源密集型的，对稀释的CF4流无效，使多孔碳吸附成为更有前途和可持续的替代方案。本研究以丰富的农业废弃物榛子壳为碳前驱体，在不同的活化温度和KOH比下，通过预碳化和KOH活化合成多孔碳。综合表征表明，优化后的吸附剂具有较高的BET表面积（1625 m2 g−1）、较大的窄微孔体积（0.72 cm3 g−1）和富碳的表面化学性质。这些特性导致了优异的CF4吸附能力，在25°C下为2.50 mmol g - 1，在0°C下为3.61 mmol g - 1，同时具有快速的吸附动力学（5分钟内吸附90%），优异的CF4/N2选择性（~ 9），以及出色的循环稳定性（20个循环后容量保持97%）。这些发现表明，具有精心定制的微孔结构的生物质衍生多孔碳可以在温和条件下有效捕获CF4，为减少这种长寿命温室气体的排放提供了一种具有成本效益和环境可持续性的策略。
{"title":"Valorization of agro-waste into high-performance porous carbons for tetrafluoromethane adsorption","authors":"Yingyi Wang , Yangyilan Yuan , Xingru Fang , Ya Liu , Qiang Xiao , Leihong Zhao , Muslum Demir , Osman Safa Çifçi , Linlin Wang , Xin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persistent emission of carbon tetrafluoride (CF<sub>4</sub>), a potent greenhouse gas with a >50,000-year lifetime and ∼6630 global warming potential, poses a serious challenge to climate mitigation. Conventional abatement techniques such as thermal and plasma decomposition are energy-intensive and ineffective for dilute CF<sub>4</sub> streams, making adsorption on porous carbons a more promising and sustainable alternative. In this study, hazelnut shell, an abundant agricultural waste, was employed as a carbon precursor to synthesize porous carbons via pre-carbonization followed by KOH activation under varying activation temperatures and KOH ratios. Comprehensive characterization revealed that the optimized adsorbent possessed a high BET surface area (1625 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), a large narrow micropore volume (0.72 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), and a carbon-rich surface chemistry. These attributes resulted in superior CF<sub>4</sub> adsorption capacities of 2.50 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> at 25 °C and 3.61 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> at 0 °C under 1 bar, along with fast adsorption kinetics (90 % uptake within 5 min), excellent CF<sub>4</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity (∼9), and outstanding cyclic stability (>97 % capacity retention after twenty cycles). These findings demonstrate that biomass-derived porous carbons with well-tailored microporous architectures can efficiently capture CF<sub>4</sub> under mild conditions, providing a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable strategy for mitigating emissions of this long-lived greenhouse gas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121274"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121287
Lijuan Cai, Shengxiang Xiong, Jun Chen, Yu Su, Jiyuan Cong, Gang Chen, Chengjun Dong, Hongtao Guan
In response to the burgeoning challenge of electromagnetic wave pollution, the development of high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with strong attenuation capability is urgently needed. In this study, a MXene/NiO nanowire hybrid aerogel was constructed via electrostatic self-assembly, leveraging a multi-mechanism synergistic loss strategy to significantly enhance the electromagnetic absorbing performance. The three-dimensional conductive network of the material optimizes impedance matching, facilitating electromagnetic wave penetration into the interior for multiple reflections and scattering, thereby reducing surface reflection. Simultaneously, the highly conductive MXene contributes to substantial conduction loss, while abundant defects (graphitic defects, oxygen-containing groups) and heterogeneous interfaces (MXene-NiO) induce notable dipole and interfacial polarization losses. Furthermore, the nano-heterostructure formed between NiO nanowires and MXene enhances interfacial polarization through charge accumulation at the interfaces. Benefiting from these synergistic loss mechanisms, the optimized aerogel exhibits exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −53 dB at a thickness of 1.6 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4 GHz. Our findings propose an innovative materials design doctrine enabling precise multi-scale regulation of electromagnetic wave absorption in aerogels.
{"title":"Electrostatic self-assembly of hierarchical MXene-NiO nanowire aerogels: Multi-mechanism synergy for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Lijuan Cai, Shengxiang Xiong, Jun Chen, Yu Su, Jiyuan Cong, Gang Chen, Chengjun Dong, Hongtao Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the burgeoning challenge of electromagnetic wave pollution, the development of high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with strong attenuation capability is urgently needed. In this study, a MXene/NiO nanowire hybrid aerogel was constructed via electrostatic self-assembly, leveraging a multi-mechanism synergistic loss strategy to significantly enhance the electromagnetic absorbing performance. The three-dimensional conductive network of the material optimizes impedance matching, facilitating electromagnetic wave penetration into the interior for multiple reflections and scattering, thereby reducing surface reflection. Simultaneously, the highly conductive MXene contributes to substantial conduction loss, while abundant defects (graphitic defects, oxygen-containing groups) and heterogeneous interfaces (MXene-NiO) induce notable dipole and interfacial polarization losses. Furthermore, the nano-heterostructure formed between NiO nanowires and MXene enhances interfacial polarization through charge accumulation at the interfaces. Benefiting from these synergistic loss mechanisms, the optimized aerogel exhibits exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (<em>RL</em><sub>min</sub>) of −53 dB at a thickness of 1.6 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4 GHz. Our findings propose an innovative materials design doctrine enabling precise multi-scale regulation of electromagnetic wave absorption in aerogels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121287"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121273
Mingmin Zhu , Hui Ouyang , Liangyu Chen , Yu Du , Guangxiao Song , Wenjing Dong , Jiawei Wang , Yang Qiu , Guoliang Yu , Wei Wang , Xufeng Jing , Haibin Zhu , Hao-Miao Zhou
Two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential for electronic devices owing to their metal-like conductivity and abundant surface functional groups. However, utilizing the intrinsic properties of MXene in memristors remains challenging as MXene exhibits free-electron conduction behavior rather than semiconductor characteristics. In this work, a Cu/MXene/TaOx/ITO memristor was fabricated via heterostructure engineering, and its resistive switching (RS) performances were systematically compared with those of the monolayer Cu/MXene/ITO and Cu/TaOx/ITO memristors. Compared with the monolayer ones, the MXene/TaOx memristor exhibits a narrower switching voltage range, a higher on/off ratio exceeding 240, and extended resistance retention exceeding 104 s. Even after 15 months of storage, it maintains stable RS behavior with over 104 cycles of endurance. The enhanced device performance is attributed to the interaction between MXene's surface functional groups and Cu2+ ions, coupled with the optimized interface Schottky barrier at the MXene/TaOx heterojunction. Furthermore, typical biological synaptic plasticity characteristics, such as long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and spike time-dependent plasticity (STDP) were simulated with the proposed memristors. The MXene/TaOx memristor achieves excellent LTP/LTD behavior with the best nonlinearity of 0.39/3.15 and symmetricity of 6.57. By its enhanced conductance symmetry and linearity, an accuracy of up to 94.57 % can be achieved in handwritten digit recognition within a constructed neuromorphic network. These results provide a feasible and effective strategy of integrating 2D materials with metal oxides to enhance memristor performance, highlighting their immense application potential in bio-inspired neuromorphic systems.
{"title":"Enhancement of stability and durability in MXene/TaOx bilayer memristor through hetero-interface engineering for neuromorphic computing","authors":"Mingmin Zhu , Hui Ouyang , Liangyu Chen , Yu Du , Guangxiao Song , Wenjing Dong , Jiawei Wang , Yang Qiu , Guoliang Yu , Wei Wang , Xufeng Jing , Haibin Zhu , Hao-Miao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential for electronic devices owing to their metal-like conductivity and abundant surface functional groups. However, utilizing the intrinsic properties of MXene in memristors remains challenging as MXene exhibits free-electron conduction behavior rather than semiconductor characteristics. In this work, a Cu/MXene/TaO<sub>x</sub>/ITO memristor was fabricated via heterostructure engineering, and its resistive switching (RS) performances were systematically compared with those of the monolayer Cu/MXene/ITO and Cu/TaO<sub>x</sub>/ITO memristors. Compared with the monolayer ones, the MXene/TaO<sub>x</sub> memristor exhibits a narrower switching voltage range, a higher on/off ratio exceeding 240, and extended resistance retention exceeding 10<sup>4</sup> s. Even after 15 months of storage, it maintains stable RS behavior with over 10<sup>4</sup> cycles of endurance. The enhanced device performance is attributed to the interaction between MXene's surface functional groups and Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions, coupled with the optimized interface Schottky barrier at the MXene/TaO<sub>x</sub> heterojunction. Furthermore, typical biological synaptic plasticity characteristics, such as long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and spike time-dependent plasticity (STDP) were simulated with the proposed memristors. The MXene/TaO<sub>x</sub> memristor achieves excellent LTP/LTD behavior with the best nonlinearity of 0.39/3.15 and symmetricity of 6.57. By its enhanced conductance symmetry and linearity, an accuracy of up to 94.57 % can be achieved in handwritten digit recognition within a constructed neuromorphic network. These results provide a feasible and effective strategy of integrating 2D materials with metal oxides to enhance memristor performance, highlighting their immense application potential in bio-inspired neuromorphic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121273"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121285
Zhikun Yang , Donglei Li , Bochong Wang , Jianyong Xiang , Anmin Nie , Yingchun Cheng , Kun Zhai , Tianyu Xue , Fusheng Wen , Congpu Mu
The escalating electromagnetic pollution necessitates highly flexible and easily fabricated high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) materials. Consequently, a porous aramid nanofiber/graphene nanosheet (ANFs/GNs) composite that has been prepared by direct ink writing (DIW) three-dimensional printing technique is hereby presented. This system facilitates the creation of customized geometries. It has been demonstrated that the synergistic impact of the porous structure of ANFs combined with the high conductivity of GNs optimizes impedance matching; moreover, it has been shown to enhance dielectric loss. It is noteworthy that the ANFs/GNs-4 composite (GNs mass is 4 mg) attains a minimal reflection loss (RLmᵢn) of −45.0 dB occurring at 9.0 GHz, accompanied by an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.4 GHz, with its thickness measuring a mere 2.1 mm. In this work, a rapid and scaled-up methodology is presented for the fabrication of lightweight, pliable, as well as broadband EMA composites, which are of significant practical value in the realm of anticompetitive electromagnetic interference.
{"title":"Porous ANFs/GNs composites prepared by direct ink writing 3D printing for superior electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Zhikun Yang , Donglei Li , Bochong Wang , Jianyong Xiang , Anmin Nie , Yingchun Cheng , Kun Zhai , Tianyu Xue , Fusheng Wen , Congpu Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating electromagnetic pollution necessitates highly flexible and easily fabricated high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) materials. Consequently, a porous aramid nanofiber/graphene nanosheet (ANFs/GNs) composite that has been prepared by direct ink writing (DIW) three-dimensional printing technique is hereby presented. This system facilitates the creation of customized geometries. It has been demonstrated that the synergistic impact of the porous structure of ANFs combined with the high conductivity of GNs optimizes impedance matching; moreover, it has been shown to enhance dielectric loss. It is noteworthy that the ANFs/GNs-4 composite (GNs mass is 4 mg) attains a minimal reflection loss (<em>RL</em><sub>m</sub>ᵢ<sub>n</sub>) of −45.0 dB occurring at 9.0 GHz, accompanied by an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.4 GHz, with its thickness measuring a mere 2.1 mm. In this work, a rapid and scaled-up methodology is presented for the fabrication of lightweight, pliable, as well as broadband EMA composites, which are of significant practical value in the realm of anticompetitive electromagnetic interference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121285"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121271
Geisa P. Nogueira Lima, Ricardo R. Oliveira, Pierre M. Esteves
Mechanisms for the phase transition of carbon allotropes are still poorly understood. In this work, the methodology proposed by Formalik, Fischer, and Kutcha, was applied to correlate the transformation vector for phase transitions with the phonon polarization vectors, yielding a phonon-deformation correlation coefficient (PDCC) for each mode on carbon allotropes phase transitions. For this purpose, the Minimum Energy Path (MEP) was computed using Generalized Solid State Nudged Elastic Band (G-SSNEB) with full cell relaxation. Normal vibrational modes are calculated for each initial allotrope, and PDCCs are evaluated for transitions between carbyne (linear carbon chains) and graphite, carbyne and biphenylene network, and graphite and diamond. PDCCs are assessed for both the final structure and the Highest Energy Image (HEI) along each MEP. Results show that for most transitions, the highest contributing mode is often a low frequency mode and a mixture from diagonal glides from carbyne and graphite, and out-of-plane bendings from the LCC. The analysis also reveals that PDCCs are sensitive to the transition path, suggesting that the dominant and secondary modes depend on the specific structural trajectory. In summary, our work indicates a breakdown of the one normal mode-picture in transition state theory for phase transitions.
{"title":"A combination of normal vibrational modes as triggers to phase transitions between carbon allotropes","authors":"Geisa P. Nogueira Lima, Ricardo R. Oliveira, Pierre M. Esteves","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanisms for the phase transition of carbon allotropes are still poorly understood. In this work, the methodology proposed by Formalik, Fischer, and Kutcha, was applied to correlate the transformation vector for phase transitions with the phonon polarization vectors, yielding a phonon-deformation correlation coefficient (PDCC) for each mode on carbon allotropes phase transitions. For this purpose, the Minimum Energy Path (MEP) was computed using Generalized Solid State Nudged Elastic Band (G-SSNEB) with full cell relaxation. Normal vibrational modes are calculated for each initial allotrope, and PDCCs are evaluated for transitions between carbyne (linear carbon chains) and graphite, carbyne and biphenylene network, and graphite and diamond. PDCCs are assessed for both the final structure and the Highest Energy Image (HEI) along each MEP. Results show that for most transitions, the highest contributing mode is often a low frequency mode and a mixture from diagonal glides from carbyne and graphite, and out-of-plane bendings from the LCC. The analysis also reveals that PDCCs are sensitive to the transition path, suggesting that the dominant and secondary modes depend on the specific structural trajectory. In summary, our work indicates a breakdown of the one normal mode-picture in transition state theory for phase transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121271"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121269
Lin Qi , Fedor M. Maksimov , Stanislav Colar , Alexander I. Chernov , Qi Wu , Maoshuai He
Solid supported heterogeneous catalysts provide a means to control the chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) while simultaneously maintaining the capacity for large-scale production through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Nevertheless, a significant disadvantage of supported catalysts lies in their unavoidable removal and disposal as waste during the SWNTs purification process. In this work, we propose a “dissolution-precipitation” strategy to recycle a used iron catalyst supported by magnesia (Fe/MgO) for regrowing SWNTs. The coprecipitation of both Fe and Mg cations with sodium hydroxide solution, subsequently followed by a heat treatment, leads to the regeneration of new Fe/MgO catalysts. Like the original catalyst, the regenerated catalysts perform similarly and yield SWNTs with a comparable chirality distribution. This study provides a new strategy for the repurposing of waste supported catalysts, thereby contributing to improved SWNT yield and promoting sustainable economic development.
{"title":"Regeneration of magnesia supported iron catalysts for growing single-walled carbon nanotubes","authors":"Lin Qi , Fedor M. Maksimov , Stanislav Colar , Alexander I. Chernov , Qi Wu , Maoshuai He","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid supported heterogeneous catalysts provide a means to control the chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) while simultaneously maintaining the capacity for large-scale production through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Nevertheless, a significant disadvantage of supported catalysts lies in their unavoidable removal and disposal as waste during the SWNTs purification process. In this work, we propose a “dissolution-precipitation” strategy to recycle a used iron catalyst supported by magnesia (Fe/MgO) for regrowing SWNTs. The coprecipitation of both Fe and Mg cations with sodium hydroxide solution, subsequently followed by a heat treatment, leads to the regeneration of new Fe/MgO catalysts. Like the original catalyst, the regenerated catalysts perform similarly and yield SWNTs with a comparable chirality distribution. This study provides a new strategy for the repurposing of waste supported catalysts, thereby contributing to improved SWNT yield and promoting sustainable economic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121269"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121272
Yunfan Wang , Fan Liao , Huimin Xiang , Tianyu Shi , Jiaxuan Wang , Zenan Li , Hui Huang , Hao Wu , Yang Liu , Zhenhui Kang
Carbon-based metal-free catalysts have attracted considerable research interest owing to their earth-abundant reserves, environmental compatibility, and exceptional stability under harsh acidic and alkaline conditions. However, these catalysts often suffer from complex structures, unclear active sites, and a poor understanding of the interaction between the active site and the support, which hinder the advancement of carbon-based catalysts. In this study, we designed and synthesized a carbon-based composite catalyst (designated DG5), which is constructed with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as molecular active sites and glucose-derived semi-carbonized matrix as carrier. The DG5 exhibits efficient photocatalytic activity for water splitting to synthesize hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with the production rate of 1087.6 μmol g−1 h−1 without sacrificial agents, under visible light, surpassing most reported metal-free photocatalysts. The semi-carbonized structure in the DG5 prolongs the lifetime of photo-charges and enhances oxygen adsorption capacity under illumination. A physical model has been established to analyze the robust synergy between the semi-carbonized carrier and the molecular active site. By precisely integrating carbon substrate engineering with molecular active sites, this study provides a new paradigm for the development of efficient and stable molecular-carbon hybrid photocatalysts.
{"title":"Harnessing the synergy of molecular active site and semi-carbonized matrix support for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide synthesis via water splitting","authors":"Yunfan Wang , Fan Liao , Huimin Xiang , Tianyu Shi , Jiaxuan Wang , Zenan Li , Hui Huang , Hao Wu , Yang Liu , Zhenhui Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-based metal-free catalysts have attracted considerable research interest owing to their earth-abundant reserves, environmental compatibility, and exceptional stability under harsh acidic and alkaline conditions. However, these catalysts often suffer from complex structures, unclear active sites, and a poor understanding of the interaction between the active site and the support, which hinder the advancement of carbon-based catalysts. In this study, we designed and synthesized a carbon-based composite catalyst (designated DG5), which is constructed with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as molecular active sites and glucose-derived semi-carbonized matrix as carrier. The DG5 exhibits efficient photocatalytic activity for water splitting to synthesize hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) with the production rate of 1087.6 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> without sacrificial agents, under visible light, surpassing most reported metal-free photocatalysts. The semi-carbonized structure in the DG5 prolongs the lifetime of photo-charges and enhances oxygen adsorption capacity under illumination. A physical model has been established to analyze the robust synergy between the semi-carbonized carrier and the molecular active site. By precisely integrating carbon substrate engineering with molecular active sites, this study provides a new paradigm for the development of efficient and stable molecular-carbon hybrid photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121272"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121261
Jun Tang , Zan-Song Li , Xiu-Bo Liu , Guo-Dong Chen , Fan Liu , Sai Wang , Fan-Gui Meng , Dong-Sheng Wang , Kai-Ming Wang
Wear and oxidation failures of titanium alloys at high temperatures are becoming common. Therefore, in this study, the graphite/CuNiTiCrNb high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were prepared by laser cladding to improve the wear and oxidation resistance of Ti6Al4V under high temperature. The results indicate that graphite decomposition produced carbide phases (TiC and Ti2AlC/Ti3AlC), which increased the hardness of the coatings. As the graphite content increased (1–3 wt%), the wear rate and oxidation rate decreased from 31 to 2.47 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, 22.83 to 14.27 mg2/cm4·h, respectively. The layered phases composed of residual graphite and Ti2AlC/Ti3AlC combined with oxides (Cr2O3 and TiO2) to form a mixed oxide layer, thereby enhancing the wear resistance of the coatings. At the C3 coating surface, a denser oxide layer composed of Cr2O3 and TiO2 was formed. The dense oxide layer and the “stacking” barrier effect of graphite effectively slowed down the diffusion of oxygen, thereby improving the oxidation resistance ability of the coating.
{"title":"Tribology and oxidation properties of graphite/CuNiTiCrNb HEA coatings produced by laser cladding","authors":"Jun Tang , Zan-Song Li , Xiu-Bo Liu , Guo-Dong Chen , Fan Liu , Sai Wang , Fan-Gui Meng , Dong-Sheng Wang , Kai-Ming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wear and oxidation failures of titanium alloys at high temperatures are becoming common. Therefore, in this study, the graphite/CuNiTiCrNb high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were prepared by laser cladding to improve the wear and oxidation resistance of Ti6Al4V under high temperature. The results indicate that graphite decomposition produced carbide phases (TiC and Ti<sub>2</sub>AlC/Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC), which increased the hardness of the coatings. As the graphite content increased (1–3 wt%), the wear rate and oxidation rate decreased from 31 to 2.47 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, 22.83 to 14.27 mg<sup>2</sup>/cm<sup>4</sup>·h, respectively. The layered phases composed of residual graphite and Ti<sub>2</sub>AlC/Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC combined with oxides (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>) to form a mixed oxide layer, thereby enhancing the wear resistance of the coatings. At the C3 coating surface, a denser oxide layer composed of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> was formed. The dense oxide layer and the “stacking” barrier effect of graphite effectively slowed down the diffusion of oxygen, thereby improving the oxidation resistance ability of the coating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121261"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121268
Wei-wei Kang , Hai-tao Zeng , Guang-xu Huang , Jian-bo Jia , Qiang Li , Han Hu , Rui Hao , Bing Xu , Wei-jie Guo , Bao-lin Xing , Chuan-xiang Zhang
Controlled shrinkage of open pores during carbonization enables closed pore formation in hard carbons as the anode for sodium ion batteries, though excessive open pores resist conversion and degrade electrochemical performances. Employing Mg2+ as a pore-forming agent chelated by humic acid, we constructed tailored closed pore architectures through pre-carbonization at 600 °C followed by 1500 °C treatment. The resulting hard carbons exhibit tunable interlayer spacing and disorder, with closed pores of uniform size (1.10–1.18 nm) yet distinct surface areas (307.4–408.3 m2/g). The optimized hard carbons deliver a high reversible capacity (262 mAh/g at 20 mA/g), excellent rate capability (52 % retention at 1000 mA/g), and cycling stability (75 % after 1000 cycles at 500 mA/g). Intercalation capacity correlates with pseudo-graphite carbon content, while pore-filling capacity scales with closed pore surface area. This study paves the way for rational engineering of closed pores in hard carbons.
{"title":"Regulating closed pore structure in humic acid based hard carbons via Mg2+ chelation for high-performances sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Wei-wei Kang , Hai-tao Zeng , Guang-xu Huang , Jian-bo Jia , Qiang Li , Han Hu , Rui Hao , Bing Xu , Wei-jie Guo , Bao-lin Xing , Chuan-xiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlled shrinkage of open pores during carbonization enables closed pore formation in hard carbons as the anode for sodium ion batteries, though excessive open pores resist conversion and degrade electrochemical performances. Employing Mg<sup>2+</sup> as a pore-forming agent chelated by humic acid, we constructed tailored closed pore architectures through pre-carbonization at 600 °C followed by 1500 °C treatment. The resulting hard carbons exhibit tunable interlayer spacing and disorder, with closed pores of uniform size (1.10–1.18 nm) yet distinct surface areas (307.4–408.3 m<sup>2</sup>/g). The optimized hard carbons deliver a high reversible capacity (262 mAh/g at 20 mA/g), excellent rate capability (52 % retention at 1000 mA/g), and cycling stability (75 % after 1000 cycles at 500 mA/g). Intercalation capacity correlates with pseudo-graphite carbon content, while pore-filling capacity scales with closed pore surface area. This study paves the way for rational engineering of closed pores in hard carbons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121268"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of multifunctional materials that integrate efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption and superior electrochemical energy storage performance is highly desirable for addressing electromagnetic pollution and the global energy crisis. This work demonstrated that carbon coating serves as a versatile strategy to induce a phase transition in high-entropy oxides, transforming them into high-entropy alloys (HEAs), which synergistically enhance both microwave absorption and electrochemical performances. The optimized NiCoFeAlZnC0.08 HEA demonstrated a broadband effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.48 GHz at a thickness of 2.10 mm, utilizing a lower filler amount of 10 %. CST simulation confirms its significant reduction in the radar cross-section (RCS) value with a maximum decrease of 14.13 dB m2. More importantly, it delivers a high discharge capacity of 518.5 mAh/g at a 0.1 C rate and maintains a capacity retention rate of 79.81 % after 500 cycles at 1 C. This work offers new insights into the design of next-generation multifunctional materials.
开发集高效电磁波吸收和优异电化学储能性能于一体的多功能材料是解决电磁污染和全球能源危机的迫切需要。这项工作表明，碳涂层作为一种通用策略，可以诱导高熵氧化物的相变，将其转化为高熵合金（HEAs），从而协同提高微波吸收和电化学性能。优化后的NiCoFeAlZnC0.08 HEA在厚度为2.10 mm时具有6.48 GHz的宽带有效吸收带宽（EAB），填充量较低，为10%。CST模拟证实了其对雷达截面（RCS）值的显著降低，最大降低14.13 dB m2。更重要的是，它在0.1℃的倍率下提供了518.5 mAh/g的高放电容量，并且在1c下循环500次后保持了79.81%的容量保留率。这项工作为下一代多功能材料的设计提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Carbon-coating induced phase transition to boost electromagnetic wave absorption and electrochemical performance in high-entropy alloys","authors":"Tengfei Wang, Kaiyu Chen, Yuhan Xia, Jiaqi Wang, Xiufen Li, Hongyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of multifunctional materials that integrate efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption and superior electrochemical energy storage performance is highly desirable for addressing electromagnetic pollution and the global energy crisis. This work demonstrated that carbon coating serves as a versatile strategy to induce a phase transition in high-entropy oxides, transforming them into high-entropy alloys (HEAs), which synergistically enhance both microwave absorption and electrochemical performances. The optimized NiCoFeAlZnC<sub>0.08</sub> HEA demonstrated a broadband effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.48 GHz at a thickness of 2.10 mm, utilizing a lower filler amount of 10 %. CST simulation confirms its significant reduction in the radar cross-section (RCS) value with a maximum decrease of 14.13 dB m<sup>2</sup>. More importantly, it delivers a high discharge capacity of 518.5 mAh/g at a 0.1 C rate and maintains a capacity retention rate of 79.81 % after 500 cycles at 1 C. This work offers new insights into the design of next-generation multifunctional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121267"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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