This study aims to categorize the characters in Yusuf’s story according to the Holy Quran and their relations to time. It focuses on the most prominent features of those characters. To achieve the aim of this study, this paper explains why Surah Yusuf is different from other Surahs. The first section discusses the inner and outer spaces of the story. The second section tackles the aspects of the leading characters. The third section investigates the flat characters. It is revealed that the roles given to the characters in the story are in harmony with their ranks in accordance with what Allah says in the Holy Quran “We relate unto you the best of stories”. The study ends with an epilogue about the density of Yusuf’s character and the depth of Yaqoob’s character. Keyswords: Quranic Stories, Characters Dialogue, Yusuf’s Story.
{"title":"Characters Dialogue in Yusuf’s Story: A Study in Linking\u0000Mental Texts with the Conscience","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to categorize the characters in Yusuf’s story according to the Holy\u0000Quran and their relations to time. It focuses on the most prominent features of those\u0000characters. To achieve the aim of this study, this paper explains why Surah Yusuf is\u0000different from other Surahs. The first section discusses the inner and outer spaces of the\u0000story. The second section tackles the aspects of the leading characters. The third section\u0000investigates the flat characters. It is revealed that the roles given to the characters in the\u0000story are in harmony with their ranks in accordance with what Allah says in the Holy\u0000Quran “We relate unto you the best of stories”. The study ends with an epilogue about\u0000the density of Yusuf’s character and the depth of Yaqoob’s character.\u0000Keyswords: Quranic Stories, Characters Dialogue, Yusuf’s Story.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114116821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liberalism as a school of thought focuses on individul freedom, the rule of law, constitutional government, economic freedom, tolerance of others in thought, apinion and belief, and denial of authoritative regimes. The practical interpretation of liberalism is institutional democracy, equal citizenship and freedom of ownership. Liberalism stems from the fact that individiaul freedom and right is the essence so no authority should not block such freedom. Because "Liberal Capitalism" is not an ideology, every society builds its economy and institutions according to what its experts, thinkers and environment dictate. Hence, countries differ totally in the details of its economic and political structures although they meet in the overall theory of capitalism and democracy. Enlightenment and industrialization as demonstrated by the four industrial revolutions were the engines to create liberal societies and systems. This is what we see in Europe, Japan, and other countries which adopt liberalism. Liberalism was not looked at favorably in the Arab region on the basis of religious thinking, attachment to the "past" or blaming liberal thinking for the aggressive policies adopted by colonizing countries, without proper differentiation between politics and liberalism. The Arab region is still the least liberalized region in the world which does not adopt democracy and freedom and tolerance of the other. This situation impels political and intellectual thinkers in the Arab region to promote liberalism in order to adopt progress and freedom. Keywords: Liberalism, Freedom of human, Free economy, Industrial Revolution, The Arab Case.
{"title":"Liberalism and Humanism - The Arab Case","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Liberalism as a school of thought focuses on individul freedom, the rule of law,\u0000constitutional government, economic freedom, tolerance of others in thought, apinion\u0000and belief, and denial of authoritative regimes.\u0000The practical interpretation of liberalism is institutional democracy, equal\u0000citizenship and freedom of ownership. Liberalism stems from the fact that individiaul\u0000freedom and right is the essence so no authority should not block such freedom. Because \"Liberal Capitalism\" is not an ideology, every society builds its economy and institutions according to what its experts, thinkers and environment dictate. Hence, countries differ totally in the details of its economic and political structures although they meet in the overall theory of capitalism and democracy. Enlightenment and industrialization as demonstrated by the four industrial revolutions were the engines to create liberal societies and systems. This is what we see in Europe, Japan, and other countries which adopt liberalism.\u0000Liberalism was not looked at favorably in the Arab region on the basis of religious\u0000thinking, attachment to the \"past\" or blaming liberal thinking for the aggressive policies\u0000adopted by colonizing countries, without proper differentiation between politics and\u0000liberalism. The Arab region is still the least liberalized region in the world which does\u0000not adopt democracy and freedom and tolerance of the other. This situation impels\u0000political and intellectual thinkers in the Arab region to promote liberalism in order to\u0000adopt progress and freedom.\u0000Keywords: Liberalism, Freedom of human, Free economy, Industrial Revolution, The\u0000Arab Case.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"2674 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123455181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to shed light on the role played by King Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman Al Saud in settling the tribes’ disputes on the Saudi-Jordanian borders during the period (1921-1933).This role was represented by diplomacy at the external level through the Kuwait Conference (1923-1924), and through the treaties he had with Britain, being the mandated country for the Emirate of Transjordan such as the Treaty of Jeddah in 1925, and the Treaty of Friendship and Good-neighborliness in 1932, which led to mutual recognition between Saudi Arabia and the Emirate of Transjordan in 1933. On the internal level, it was represented by settling the tribes, providing them with housing and digging wells for stability. This was accompanied by the scholars who clarified the teachings of Islam among the tribes and urged them to abandon invasion, revenges, looting, and robbery, so that the border area will be secure and stable for the tribes who are living on the borders. The study attempts to explore the reasons of tribes’ disputes, the relations between the tribes on the Saudi-Jordanian borders, which were based on invasions and revolutions, the role of Britain in the region and its role on the the tribes after the demarcation of the borders, and the role of King Abdul Aziz in solving these problems The study followed the historical approach based on the description and analysis from obtaining information from its sources ,collecting and analyzing it in an objective scientific method. Keywords: Tribes, Borders, Treaties, Saudi Arabia, Jordan.
{"title":"The Role of King Abdul Aziz in Solving the Issues of the\u0000Tribes on the Saudi-Jordanian Borders and Settling Them\u0000(1921-1933)","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to shed light on the role played by King Abdul Aziz Abdul\u0000Rahman Al Saud in settling the tribes’ disputes on the Saudi-Jordanian borders during\u0000the period (1921-1933).This role was represented by diplomacy at the external level\u0000through the Kuwait Conference (1923-1924), and through the treaties he had with\u0000Britain, being the mandated country for the Emirate of Transjordan such as the Treaty of\u0000Jeddah in 1925, and the Treaty of Friendship and Good-neighborliness in 1932, which\u0000led to mutual recognition between Saudi Arabia and the Emirate of Transjordan in 1933.\u0000On the internal level, it was represented by settling the tribes, providing them with\u0000housing and digging wells for stability. This was accompanied by the scholars who\u0000clarified the teachings of Islam among the tribes and urged them to abandon invasion,\u0000revenges, looting, and robbery, so that the border area will be secure and stable for the\u0000tribes who are living on the borders.\u0000The study attempts to explore the reasons of tribes’ disputes, the relations between\u0000the tribes on the Saudi-Jordanian borders, which were based on invasions and\u0000revolutions, the role of Britain in the region and its role on the the tribes after the\u0000demarcation of the borders, and the role of King Abdul Aziz in solving these problems\u0000The study followed the historical approach based on the description and analysis\u0000from obtaining information from its sources ,collecting and analyzing it in an objective\u0000scientific method.\u0000Keywords: Tribes, Borders, Treaties, Saudi Arabia, Jordan.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126864633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Liaison is a phenomenon that aroused and continues to arouse a large number of researchers' interest because of its complexity and diversity. The studies on this subject often concern when and how different native and non-native speakers perform or do not perform the liaison in French. The difficulty posed by the phenomenon of liaison is even more evident among non-native speakers for whom such correspondence does not exist in the mother tongue”. (Mårtensson, 2013 : p 3). This study aims to map the difficulties of liaison encountered by Arabic-speaking learners in French as a Foreign language class. The results of data analysis shows the importance of pronunciation for a high mastery of the French language. Keywords: Mandatory liaison, optional liaison, prohibited liaison, pronunciation, teaching, phonetics.
{"title":"Acquisition of the Liaison in French as a Foreign Language:\u0000Difficulty and Remedy","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"“Liaison is a phenomenon that aroused and continues to arouse a large number of\u0000researchers' interest because of its complexity and diversity. The studies on this subject\u0000often concern when and how different native and non-native speakers perform or do not\u0000perform the liaison in French. The difficulty posed by the phenomenon of liaison is even\u0000more evident among non-native speakers for whom such correspondence does not exist\u0000in the mother tongue”. (Mårtensson, 2013 : p 3).\u0000This study aims to map the difficulties of liaison encountered by Arabic-speaking\u0000learners in French as a Foreign language class. The results of data analysis shows the\u0000importance of pronunciation for a high mastery of the French language.\u0000Keywords: Mandatory liaison, optional liaison, prohibited liaison, pronunciation,\u0000teaching, phonetics.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116609110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study deals with the Battle named “Khanour Battle”, a Castle in the city of Abu Dhabi, which took place in January and February of 1889 between the Qatari and Abu Dhabi forces, which was not a regular battle between the tribes like other battles in the Gulf region at that period. The study examines the reasons that led to this battle and the reactions that resulted from it, both locally and regionally. Keywords: Khannour Battle, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Shaikh Jassim, Shaikh Zayed.
{"title":"Khannour Battle 1889, Causes, Results, and Reactions in\u0000the Arabian Gulf: Documentary Research","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the Battle named “Khanour Battle”, a Castle in the city of Abu\u0000Dhabi, which took place in January and February of 1889 between the Qatari and Abu\u0000Dhabi forces, which was not a regular battle between the tribes like other battles in the\u0000Gulf region at that period. The study examines the reasons that led to this battle and the\u0000reactions that resulted from it, both locally and regionally.\u0000Keywords: Khannour Battle, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Shaikh Jassim, Shaikh Zayed.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132640558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antara Ibn Shaddad Al-Absi's Mu'allaqa is considered one of the most important texts of poetry in the pre-Islamic era. Because it is an open text on multiple perspectives and different interpretations, literary critics have paid attention to it, both ancient and modern, in order to explain and reveal the features of its structure and composition and discover its aesthetics, questions and poetic meanings. This study aims to read this poem an interpretative reading. This study benefits from "semiotics" in revealing the paths of meaning and producing the paths of meaning This hermeneutic approach ends up revealing one of the most fundamental questions of the text, which is the “The question of Being” that poets and philosophers took care of in all historical times. Moreover, this approach reveals the most important topics that branched from the main topic “The question of Being”: Incomplete existence, the coincidence of being and free existence, the end of being and the consciousness crisis, existence and the question of entitlement, the legacy of possibilities and potentials and the question of transit. Keywords: Being, Existence, Nihilism, Life, Death, Semiotics, Sign, Call, Capabilities, Presence, Freedom,
Antara Ibn Shaddad Al-Absi的《穆阿拉卡》被认为是前伊斯兰时代最重要的诗歌文本之一。由于它是一个多视角、多解读的开放文本，古今文学评论家都对它予以关注，以解释和揭示它的结构和构成特征，发现它的美学、问题和诗意。本研究旨在对这首诗进行解释性解读。本研究得益于“符号学”对意义路径的揭示和意义路径的产生，这种解释学方法最终揭示了文本最基本的问题之一，即历代诗人和哲学家所关心的“存在问题”。此外，这一方法揭示了从“存在的问题”这一主题出发的最重要的主题:不完整的存在、存在与自由存在的巧合、存在的终结与意识危机、存在与权利问题、可能性和潜力的遗产以及过境问题。关键词:存在，存在，虚无主义，生，死，符号学，符号，召唤，能力，在场，自由
{"title":"The Question of Being in Antara Ibn Shaddad Al-Absi's\u0000Mu'allaqa: A Hermeneutic Approach","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Antara Ibn Shaddad Al-Absi's Mu'allaqa is considered one of the most important\u0000texts of poetry in the pre-Islamic era. Because it is an open text on multiple perspectives\u0000and different interpretations, literary critics have paid attention to it, both ancient and\u0000modern, in order to explain and reveal the features of its structure and composition and\u0000discover its aesthetics, questions and poetic meanings. This study aims to read this poem an interpretative reading. This study benefits from \"semiotics\" in revealing the paths of meaning and producing the paths of meaning This hermeneutic approach ends up revealing one of the most fundamental questions of the text, which is the “The question of Being” that poets and philosophers took care of in all historical times. Moreover, this approach reveals the most important topics that branched from the main topic “The question of Being”: Incomplete existence, the coincidence of being and free existence, the end of being and the consciousness crisis, existence and the question of entitlement, the legacy of possibilities and potentials and the question of transit.\u0000Keywords: Being, Existence, Nihilism, Life, Death, Semiotics, Sign, Call, Capabilities,\u0000Presence, Freedom,","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"467 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123876145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyzes linguocultural units from the standpoint of cognitive linguistic. The concept is defined as a set of verbalized and non-verbalized images of objects and situations that form the conceptual sphere of a person; it recognizes the national, social, group and individual specificity of the content and structure of concepts. In order to describe the value semantics of the concept as a fragment of the language picture of the world of native speakers (Russian, Ukrainian, Arabic) and representatives of the relevant culture, such linguistic means of expression are analyzed: nominees, attributes, derivatives, phraseological units (including paroimyas), aphorisms. The authors also consider it necessary to compare phraseological representations of concepts in different linralguocultu spaces. As a result of a comparative analysis of the replication of the universal archetype concept "HEART" (in Russian, Arabic and Ukrainian linguistic cultures) using descriptive (semantic-cognitive analysis) and contrastive (polling of speakers of different languages), conclusions are drawn about the similarity of language representation and semantic interpretation of the studied concept not only in closely related but also in radically different languages and linguocultures, which thereby confirms the universality of this concept. The authors made a proposal to supplement the existing scientific classification of concepts with another type – intercultural (archetypical) concept, which correlate with the archetypical phenomena of national cultures and mentalities and is distinguished in a comparative analysis of the conceptual interpretation field in different languages. Keywords: concept, intercultural communication, heart, language representations, linguocultures.
{"title":"Language Representation of Archetypic Concepts in the Light of\u0000Intercultural Communication","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes linguocultural units from the standpoint of cognitive linguistic.\u0000The concept is defined as a set of verbalized and non-verbalized images of objects and\u0000situations that form the conceptual sphere of a person; it recognizes the national, social, group and individual specificity of the content and structure of concepts.\u0000In order to describe the value semantics of the concept as a fragment of the\u0000language picture of the world of native speakers (Russian, Ukrainian, Arabic) and\u0000representatives of the relevant culture, such linguistic means of expression are analyzed: nominees, attributes, derivatives, phraseological units (including paroimyas), aphorisms.\u0000The authors also consider it necessary to compare phraseological representations of\u0000concepts in different linralguocultu spaces. As a result of a comparative analysis of the replication of the universal archetype concept \"HEART\" (in Russian, Arabic and Ukrainian linguistic cultures) using descriptive (semantic-cognitive analysis) and contrastive (polling of speakers of different languages), conclusions are drawn about the similarity of language representation and semantic interpretation of the studied concept not only in closely related but also in radically different languages and linguocultures, which thereby confirms the universality of this concept. The authors made a proposal to supplement the existing scientific classification of concepts with another type – intercultural (archetypical) concept, which correlate with the archetypical phenomena of national cultures and mentalities and is distinguished in a comparative analysis of the conceptual interpretation field in different languages.\u0000Keywords: concept, intercultural communication, heart, language representations,\u0000linguocultures.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124753125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Un bon vin blanc" (A fine white wine), is a French sentence in which every French nasal vowel that will be discussed in this article: [œ̃ ], [ɔ̃], [ɛ̃], [ɑ̃] is represented. Nasal vowels are « produced by lowering the velum and allowing the air to pass outward through the nose » (Halle, Morris, et Clements 1983). This phenomenon is called nasalization. If students of French as a foreign language are not able to produce such nasal sounds, they will not be able to properly pronounce these French vowels. Students face several sorts of difficulties whilst trying to utter French phonemes in general, but nasal sounds’ utterance is rewarding and motivating for them once the teacher succeeded in making them pronounce it correctly. This article aims at proposing pedagogical and technical ways while suggesting efficient solutions and strategies in order to correct Jordanian students’ pronunciations while making them discriminate the proper sounds. The language laboratory then plays a significant role in the acquisition of these nasal sounds in the university program. Keywords: nasal sounds, nasal vowels, French as a foreign language, Jordanian learners, pronunciation, utterance, difficulties, propositions and solutions.
“Un bon vin blanc”(一种上等的白葡萄酒)是一个法语句子，其中包含了本文将要讨论的每个法语鼻音元音:[[]，[[]]，[[]]，[[]]。鼻塞元音是“通过降低鼻膜并允许空气通过鼻子向外排出而产生的”(Halle, Morris, et Clements 1983)。这种现象被称为鼻化。如果把法语作为外语的学生不能发出这样的鼻音，他们就不能正确地发这些法语元音。一般来说，学生们在发法语音素时会遇到各种各样的困难，但是一旦老师成功地让他们正确发鼻音，他们就会得到回报和激励。本文旨在提出教学和技术方法，同时提出有效的解决方案和策略，以纠正约旦学生的发音，使他们能够区分正确的发音。语言实验室在大学课程中对这些鼻音的习得起着重要的作用。关键词:鼻音，鼻元音，作为外语的法语，约旦学习者，发音，发音，难点，命题和解决方案
{"title":"Problems in uttering French nasal vowels for Jordanian\u0000learners of French as a foreign language","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"\"Un bon vin blanc\" (A fine white wine), is a French sentence in which every French\u0000nasal vowel that will be discussed in this article: [œ̃ ], [ɔ̃], [ɛ̃], [ɑ̃] is represented. Nasal\u0000vowels are « produced by lowering the velum and allowing the air to pass outward\u0000through the nose » (Halle, Morris, et Clements 1983). This phenomenon is called\u0000nasalization. If students of French as a foreign language are not able to produce such\u0000nasal sounds, they will not be able to properly pronounce these French vowels. Students\u0000face several sorts of difficulties whilst trying to utter French phonemes in general, but\u0000nasal sounds’ utterance is rewarding and motivating for them once the teacher succeeded\u0000in making them pronounce it correctly.\u0000This article aims at proposing pedagogical and technical ways while suggesting\u0000efficient solutions and strategies in order to correct Jordanian students’ pronunciations\u0000while making them discriminate the proper sounds. The language laboratory then plays a\u0000significant role in the acquisition of these nasal sounds in the university program.\u0000Keywords: nasal sounds, nasal vowels, French as a foreign language, Jordanian\u0000learners, pronunciation, utterance, difficulties, propositions and solutions.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124824076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines directive speech act performed by hotel service counters staff in Jordan. It investigates the politeness strategies employed by staff when they give their directives to hotel foreign guests. The data were collected through audiorecording interactions that occurred between the staff, who are nonnative speakers of English, and foreign guests. Findings from the study show that the directives issued by the staff are characterized by significant directness. The study argues that such directives can be perceived as blunt and discourteous and therefore capable of causing face-threat to the interactants. This principally refers to the fact that they appear to give the guests no choice in complying with the request and fail to acknowledge the imposition involved. The study concludes that the frequent use of such direct strategies may refer to the nature of institutional encounters where the staff enjoy more power due to their institutional knowledge of offering services or information that the guests need as well to the staff's right to ask questions to achieve the purpose of their task-oriented transactions. Furthermore, and more importantly, the staff's use of direct forms may be due to the need for clarity and efficiency in giving directives. The study implies that hotel managers and hospitality curricula designers can benefit from the findings to design materials and manuals that help hotel staff to use appropriate level of directness when they issue their directives to foreign guests to avoid potential face-threat and potential social misunderstandings which can lead to pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic failure. Keywords: Directives Speech Acts, Hospitality Language, Hotel Service Encounters, Cross-Cultural Communication, Jordan.
{"title":"Politeness Strategies in Hotel Service Encounters in Jordan: Giving\u0000Directives","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines directive speech act performed by hotel service counters\u0000staff in Jordan. It investigates the politeness strategies employed by staff when they\u0000give their directives to hotel foreign guests. The data were collected through audiorecording interactions that occurred between the staff, who are nonnative speakers of\u0000English, and foreign guests. Findings from the study show that the directives issued by\u0000the staff are characterized by significant directness. The study argues that such\u0000directives can be perceived as blunt and discourteous and therefore capable of causing\u0000face-threat to the interactants. This principally refers to the fact that they appear to\u0000give the guests no choice in complying with the request and fail to acknowledge the\u0000imposition involved. The study concludes that the frequent use of such direct\u0000strategies may refer to the nature of institutional encounters where the staff enjoy\u0000more power due to their institutional knowledge of offering services or information\u0000that the guests need as well to the staff's right to ask questions to achieve the purpose\u0000of their task-oriented transactions. Furthermore, and more importantly, the staff's use\u0000of direct forms may be due to the need for clarity and efficiency in giving directives.\u0000The study implies that hotel managers and hospitality curricula designers can benefit\u0000from the findings to design materials and manuals that help hotel staff to use\u0000appropriate level of directness when they issue their directives to foreign guests to\u0000avoid potential face-threat and potential social misunderstandings which can lead to\u0000pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic failure.\u0000Keywords: Directives Speech Acts, Hospitality Language, Hotel Service Encounters,\u0000Cross-Cultural Communication, Jordan.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117044303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study reveals the records of Islamic legitimate documents for one of the most important stages related to the endowment of khatun,s Wardogan. These documents were issued in a historical record from The Sublime Porte Court (i.e. Al Bab Al Ali), which was the greatest Ottoman Courts in Cairo City (1180 AH).These records document the two parties who obtained the legitimate rights of the endowment: the first is represented in the endowment given to the poor in Mary Francis Abbey, in the holy city of Jerusalem and the second is represented in the endowment given to the provost of the endowment and the Al-Karafi Family. This record is one of the rare pieces of evidence concerning the Islamic endowments which are an image of Muslims’ tolerance directed to non-Muslims. The document of Circassian Wordokan Hatoun’s Endowment is one of the rare registered written documents and certificates which is useful for researchers who are interested in the issue of the Islamic tolerance for non – Muslims, in addition to the study of the socio- economic situation in Egypt in the end of 12th Hijri Calendar /the 18th Gregorian calendar. Keywords: Endowments Documents, The Sublime Porte Documents, Islamic Endowment for Non–Muslims, Women Endowments in the Ottoman Period.
这项研究揭示了伊斯兰合法文件的记录，其中一个最重要的阶段与哈顿的禀赋有关，即瓦尔多安。这些文件是在一份历史记录中发布的，来自崇高的波特法院(即Al Bab Al Ali)，这是开罗市(伊斯兰历1180年)最大的奥斯曼法院。这些记录记录了获得捐赠的合法权利的两方:第一方是给圣城耶路撒冷玛丽弗朗西斯修道院的穷人的捐赠，第二方是给捐赠的教务长和卡拉菲家族的捐赠。这个记录是关于伊斯兰天赋的罕见证据之一，这是穆斯林对非穆斯林宽容的形象。Circassian Wordokan Hatoun的捐赠文件是为数不多的书面文件和证书之一，对于那些对伊斯兰教对非穆斯林的宽容问题感兴趣的研究人员来说，除了研究12回历/ 18公历结束时埃及的社会经济状况外，它也很有用。关键词:捐赠文献，崇高波特文献，伊斯兰教对非穆斯林的捐赠，奥斯曼时期的妇女捐赠。
{"title":"The Document of Circassian Wardogan Khatun’s\u0000Endowment the Attika of the Abbasid Caliphs: A Study in\u0000Change of Legitimate Endowment Benefits (1180 AH/1766\u0000AD)","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study reveals the records of Islamic legitimate documents for one of the most\u0000important stages related to the endowment of khatun,s Wardogan. These documents\u0000were issued in a historical record from The Sublime Porte Court (i.e. Al Bab Al Ali),\u0000which was the greatest Ottoman Courts in Cairo City (1180 AH).These records\u0000document the two parties who obtained the legitimate rights of the endowment: the first is represented in the endowment given to the poor in Mary Francis Abbey, in the holy city of Jerusalem and the second is represented in the endowment given to the provost of the endowment and the Al-Karafi Family. This record is one of the rare pieces of evidence concerning the Islamic endowments which are an image of Muslims’ tolerance directed to non-Muslims.\u0000The document of Circassian Wordokan Hatoun’s Endowment is one of the rare\u0000registered written documents and certificates which is useful for researchers who are\u0000interested in the issue of the Islamic tolerance for non – Muslims, in addition to the study of the socio- economic situation in Egypt in the end of 12th Hijri Calendar /the 18th Gregorian calendar.\u0000Keywords: Endowments Documents, The Sublime Porte Documents, Islamic\u0000Endowment for Non–Muslims, Women Endowments in the Ottoman Period.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129112376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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