This research presents Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinuri's efforts in establishing literary standards and critical terms and the issues of ancient and modern in literature, as well as lexical items and meaning, and the indication of the critical judgement terms for the critic's stance on poetry from objective points of view such as linguistic and phonological aspects, and following the way of the ancients as to the division of the poem, the effect of the quantity and quality on the poets ranking, and general taste. The research shows that Ibn Qutaybah was creative and influenced the critics who came after him. The research concludes that Ibn Qutaybah was creative in terms of establishing, organizing, and systematicaly criticizing poetry, especially in controlling the terms and sections of the poem. Nevertheles, Ibn Qutaybah did not directly address the issue of influence, artistic image and imagination, and this may be due to the temporal stage, the nature of Arab poetry in most cases that abounds in realistic descriptions, and his imagination is close to the nature of Arab life. Keywords: Criticism, Critical term, Quality, poor quality, Standard, pronunciation, Meaning
{"title":"Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinuri's Critical Measures and\u0000Statements of Judgement","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinuri's efforts in establishing literary\u0000standards and critical terms and the issues of ancient and modern in literature, as well as lexical items and meaning, and the indication of the critical judgement terms for the\u0000critic's stance on poetry from objective points of view such as linguistic and\u0000phonological aspects, and following the way of the ancients as to the division of the\u0000poem, the effect of the quantity and quality on the poets ranking, and general taste. The\u0000research shows that Ibn Qutaybah was creative and influenced the critics who came after him. The research concludes that Ibn Qutaybah was creative in terms of establishing, organizing, and systematicaly criticizing poetry, especially in controlling the terms and sections of the poem. Nevertheles, Ibn Qutaybah did not directly address the issue of influence, artistic image and imagination, and this may be due to the temporal stage, the nature of Arab poetry in most cases that abounds in realistic descriptions, and his imagination is close to the nature of Arab life.\u0000Keywords: Criticism, Critical term, Quality, poor quality, Standard, pronunciation,\u0000Meaning","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131721604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to define the general and spatial characteristics of special playgrounds within the greater Irbid municipality. It also analyzes the reasons of their locational selection and provides the qualitative and quantitative analysis of this service in the study area. In order to achieve the aims of this study, a descriptive and analytical approach is employed. The results show that the reasons of the positional selection of these playgrounds are due to their accessibility and vehicle parks availability. Moreover, the study finds that the allocation for each person from these playgrounds is 4322 person to every playground (4322 person/ playground). Therefore, the study recommends establishing new playground investments in the areas which do not have this service such as Kofr Jayz and Hawar as well as increasing the number of these playgrounds in areas which suffer from a lack of this service such as Irbid city and AlSareh. Keywords: Special Playgrounds, Spatial Distribution, Service Geography, Irbid.
{"title":"Economic Indicators and Special Distribution of Private\u0000Playgrounds in Greater Irbid Municipality: A Study in\u0000Service Geography","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/18.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/18.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to define the general and spatial characteristics of special playgrounds\u0000within the greater Irbid municipality. It also analyzes the reasons of their locational\u0000selection and provides the qualitative and quantitative analysis of this service in the\u0000study area. In order to achieve the aims of this study, a descriptive and analytical\u0000approach is employed. The results show that the reasons of the positional selection of\u0000these playgrounds are due to their accessibility and vehicle parks availability.\u0000Moreover, the study finds that the allocation for each person from these playgrounds\u0000is 4322 person to every playground (4322 person/ playground). Therefore, the study\u0000recommends establishing new playground investments in the areas which do not have\u0000this service such as Kofr Jayz and Hawar as well as increasing the number of these\u0000playgrounds in areas which suffer from a lack of this service such as Irbid city and AlSareh.\u0000Keywords: Special Playgrounds, Spatial Distribution, Service Geography, Irbid.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122527669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims at uncovering the procedures followed by the Abbasid Caliph, alMu'tadidBillah, to ensure that the caliphate was confined to his offspring and that other branches of the Abbasid family were deprived of it. The findings reveal that alMu’tadid’s procedures succeeded in granting the caliphate to his son, al-MuktadirBillah, despite his very young age. The procedures also helped in thwarting the rebellion of Prince Abdallahibn al-Mu'tazz who was backed by most of the Abbasid statesmen. Although the procedures kept the caliphate within al-Mu’tadid’s offspring, they returned the dominance of the army leaders over the caliphate and the state. Keywords: al-Mu'tadidBillah, al-MuktafiBillah, al-MuktadirBillah, Abdallah, ibn alMu'tazz, Abbasid Caliphate.
{"title":"The Procedures of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tadidBillah\u0000(279-289 AH / 892-902 AD) to Ensure that the Caliphate\u0000was Confined to his Offspring","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at uncovering the procedures followed by the Abbasid Caliph, alMu'tadidBillah, to ensure that the caliphate was confined to his offspring and that other\u0000branches of the Abbasid family were deprived of it. The findings reveal that alMu’tadid’s procedures succeeded in granting the caliphate to his son, al-MuktadirBillah,\u0000despite his very young age. The procedures also helped in thwarting the rebellion of\u0000Prince Abdallahibn al-Mu'tazz who was backed by most of the Abbasid statesmen.\u0000Although the procedures kept the caliphate within al-Mu’tadid’s offspring, they returned\u0000the dominance of the army leaders over the caliphate and the state.\u0000Keywords: al-Mu'tadidBillah, al-MuktafiBillah, al-MuktadirBillah, Abdallah, ibn alMu'tazz, Abbasid Caliphate.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132659519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to analyze the manifestations of grammatical phenomena in describing the main character in Aisha Al-Mahmoud’s Watan Mozawwar (Forged Homeland). The author relies on several grammatical phenomena in presenting the character in a detailed and accurate way that enables one to understand the psychological dimensions of the character and to have guided impressions on the recipient’s or reader’s mind who is clearly present in the creative process. The research focuses on the grammatical phenomena that have emerged in describing the main character, specifically, around which events and narration are centered. The research concludes that the sentence lengthening phenomenon dominates the grammatical phenomena in the character description, and this is because of this phenomenon’s expansion through different methods it uses including the length of dependency, the length of multiplicity, and the different grammatical functions and styles. Moreover, the conjunction has formed a remarkable phenomenon in the style of the writer, and it has been well used by adding elements and other related things that increase its expansion even though it is in itself a method of lengthening the sentence. Keywords: Grammatical Phenomenon, Character Description, Main Character, Sentence Lengthening, Deletion, Repetition, "Watan Mozawwar" Novel, Aisha Al-Mahmoud
{"title":"The Grammatical Phenomenon in Character Description in\u0000Aisha Al-Mahmoud’s Watan Mozawwar Novel","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyze the manifestations of grammatical phenomena in\u0000describing the main character in Aisha Al-Mahmoud’s Watan Mozawwar\u0000(Forged Homeland). The author relies on several grammatical phenomena in\u0000presenting the character in a detailed and accurate way that enables one to\u0000understand the psychological dimensions of the character and to have guided\u0000impressions on the recipient’s or reader’s mind who is clearly present in the\u0000creative process. The research focuses on the grammatical phenomena that have\u0000emerged in describing the main character, specifically, around which events and\u0000narration are centered.\u0000The research concludes that the sentence lengthening phenomenon dominates\u0000the grammatical phenomena in the character description, and this is because of\u0000this phenomenon’s expansion through different methods it uses including the\u0000length of dependency, the length of multiplicity, and the different grammatical\u0000functions and styles. Moreover, the conjunction has formed a remarkable\u0000phenomenon in the style of the writer, and it has been well used by adding\u0000elements and other related things that increase its expansion even though it is in\u0000itself a method of lengthening the sentence.\u0000Keywords: Grammatical Phenomenon, Character Description, Main Character,\u0000Sentence Lengthening, Deletion, Repetition, \"Watan Mozawwar\" Novel, Aisha\u0000Al-Mahmoud","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121978929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to examine how the Jordanian daily newspapers cover topics that are related to the terrorist group: Daesh. The study is descriptive and used content analysis approach to provide an accurate description of the topics that have addressed Daesh in the Jordanian daily newspapers. The population of the study consisted of all Jordanian daily newspapers, while the sample composed of local Jordanian Newspapers (Al Rai, Al Ghad, and Al Sabeel). By using the industrial week, the study came up with these results: - In terms of trends, Al Ghad provided more supported trends on the war against Daesh and was ranked first (36.8%), while Al Rai came second (14.8) and Al Sabeel placed in the third rank (13.8%). - As for the implications that are included in the articles and analyses, the attitude, which states that the liberalization of Al Ramadi will give hope in the liberation of the rest of the Iraqi cities, and the victory over Daesh, ranked first in Al Rai (30%), whereas the attitude, which states that Daesh’s control of its fans through media ideology and the ways Daesh uses to revenge, ranked first by (18.9%) in Al Ghad newspaper. In Al Sabeel newspaper, the attitude, which states that removal of the The People's Mobilization (in Arabic named Al Hashed al-Shaabi) form fighting Daesh pushes Sunni tribes to fight Daesh, ranked first (14.3%). - News stories about Daesh were the journalist styles used in both Al Rai (63.9%) and Al Sabeel (58.6%), while news reports about Daesh ranked first in Al Ghad (36.8%). - As for the news sources, the Arabic and international news agencies were the most news sources used in the sample of the study, in particular, about (88.5%) in Al Rai, and 51.3% in Al Ghad, and 62.1% in Al Sabeel. Key words: Treatment, Jordanian Newspapers, Daesh, Content Analysis.
本研究旨在研究约旦日报如何报道与恐怖组织达伊沙有关的话题。该研究是描述性的，并使用内容分析方法对约旦日报中涉及daesh的主题进行了准确描述。该研究的人群包括所有约旦日报，而样本包括约旦当地报纸(Al Rai, Al Ghad和Al Sabeel)。通过使用工业周，研究得出了以下结果:在趋势方面，Al Ghad提供了更多支持daesh战争的趋势，排名第一(36.8%)，而Al Rai排名第二(14.8%)，AlSabeel排名第三(13.8%)。-在文章和分析中包含的含义中，Al Rai(30%)的态度是“Al Ramadi的解放将给伊拉克其他城市的解放带来希望”，以及对Daesh的胜利，而Al Ghadnewspaper(18.9%)的态度是“Daesh通过媒体意识形态和Daesh复仇的方式控制其粉丝”。在Al Sabeel报纸上，认为将人民动员(阿拉伯语称为Al Hashed Al - shaabi)从打击达伊沙中移除会推动逊尼派部落打击达伊沙的态度排在第一位(14.3%)。- Al Rai(63.9%)和Al Sabeel(58.6%)的新闻风格都是关于Daesh的新闻报道，而Al Ghad(36.8%)的新闻报道则是关于Daesh的新闻报道。-就新闻来源而言，阿拉伯语和国际新闻机构是研究样本中使用的最多的新闻来源，特别是Al Rai约占88.5%，Al Ghad约占51.3%，Al Sabeel约占62.1%。关键词:治疗，约旦报纸，达伊沙，内容分析
{"title":"The Journalistic Treatment of Daesh's Topics in the\u0000Jordanian Newspapers: An Analytical Study","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine how the Jordanian daily newspapers cover topics that\u0000are related to the terrorist group: Daesh. The study is descriptive and used content\u0000analysis approach to provide an accurate description of the topics that have addressed\u0000Daesh in the Jordanian daily newspapers. The population of the study consisted of all\u0000Jordanian daily newspapers, while the sample composed of local Jordanian Newspapers (Al Rai, Al Ghad, and Al Sabeel). By using the industrial week, the study came up with\u0000these results:\u0000- In terms of trends, Al Ghad provided more supported trends on the war against\u0000Daesh and was ranked first (36.8%), while Al Rai came second (14.8) and Al\u0000Sabeel placed in the third rank (13.8%).\u0000- As for the implications that are included in the articles and analyses, the attitude,\u0000which states that the liberalization of Al Ramadi will give hope in the liberation of\u0000the rest of the Iraqi cities, and the victory over Daesh, ranked first in Al Rai (30%),\u0000whereas the attitude, which states that Daesh’s control of its fans through media\u0000ideology and the ways Daesh uses to revenge, ranked first by (18.9%) in Al Ghad\u0000newspaper. In Al Sabeel newspaper, the attitude, which states that removal of the\u0000The People's Mobilization (in Arabic named Al Hashed al-Shaabi) form fighting\u0000Daesh pushes Sunni tribes to fight Daesh, ranked first (14.3%).\u0000- News stories about Daesh were the journalist styles used in both Al Rai (63.9%)\u0000and Al Sabeel (58.6%), while news reports about Daesh ranked first in Al Ghad\u0000(36.8%).\u0000- As for the news sources, the Arabic and international news agencies were the most\u0000news sources used in the sample of the study, in particular, about (88.5%) in Al Rai,\u0000and 51.3% in Al Ghad, and 62.1% in Al Sabeel.\u0000Key words: Treatment, Jordanian Newspapers, Daesh, Content Analysis.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128596107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to identify the extent of using social media among journalists in the Omani Arabic dailies, understand and recognize the connection of using social media in workplace as well as to identify the challenges that might affect journalists use of social media. The study adopting a descriptive survey method to all the data through formalization and distribution of questionnaires. The sample of this study is comprises of(176) journalists who are working in daily newspapers in the Sultanate of Oman namely:Alwatan, Oman, Al Shabiba, AZamn and Al roya. The study concludes a set of results; most notablythose respondents are mostly preferring use Twitter, whereas the smart phones are mostly used by respondents to access social media. While Respondents mostly prefer to login to social media from home, one thirty of respondents are spend one to two hours using social media. The study also shows that social topics came on the top in the terms of sharing and following by the respondents. Furthermore, the study shows there were no any training courses about how to deal with these social media. The results confirmed that only 26% of the respondents had specialized training in social media. This is beside the significant occupational burdens, the lack of devices with programs and the absence of Wi-Fi networks as main and prominent challenges that have been stated by the respondents, which reduce the benefit of these social media. Keywords: Journalists’ Uses, Omani Newspapers, Social Media, Challenges.
本研究旨在确定阿曼阿拉伯日报记者使用社交媒体的程度，了解和认识在工作场所使用社交媒体的联系，以及确定可能影响记者使用社交媒体的挑战。本研究采用描述性调查法，通过问卷的形式化和分发对所有数据进行分析。本研究的样本包括(176)名记者，他们在阿曼苏丹国的日报工作，即:Alwatan, Oman, Al Shabiba, AZamn和Al roya。该研究得出了一系列结果;最值得注意的是，这些受访者大多更喜欢使用Twitter，而智能手机大多被受访者用来访问社交媒体。虽然受访者大多更喜欢在家登录社交媒体，但30%的受访者会花一到两个小时使用社交媒体。该研究还显示，社交话题在受访者的分享和关注方面名列前茅。此外，研究表明，没有任何关于如何处理这些社交媒体的培训课程。调查结果证实，只有26%的受访者接受过社交媒体方面的专门培训。除此之外，受访者还指出，重大的职业负担、缺乏带程序的设备和缺乏Wi-Fi网络是主要和突出的挑战，这些挑战降低了这些社交媒体的好处。关键词:记者使用，阿曼报纸，社交媒体，挑战
{"title":"Journalists in the Sultanate of Oman and Social Media:\u0000Survey Study on Uses and Challenges","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify the extent of using social media among journalists in the\u0000Omani Arabic dailies, understand and recognize the connection of using social media in\u0000workplace as well as to identify the challenges that might affect journalists use of social\u0000media. The study adopting a descriptive survey method to all the data through\u0000formalization and distribution of questionnaires. The sample of this study is comprises of(176) journalists who are working in daily newspapers in the Sultanate of Oman namely:Alwatan, Oman, Al Shabiba, AZamn and Al roya.\u0000The study concludes a set of results; most notablythose respondents are mostly\u0000preferring use Twitter, whereas the smart phones are mostly used by respondents to\u0000access social media. While Respondents mostly prefer to login to social media from\u0000home, one thirty of respondents are spend one to two hours using social media. The\u0000study also shows that social topics came on the top in the terms of sharing and following by the respondents.\u0000Furthermore, the study shows there were no any training courses about how to deal\u0000with these social media. The results confirmed that only 26% of the respondents had\u0000specialized training in social media. This is beside the significant occupational burdens,\u0000the lack of devices with programs and the absence of Wi-Fi networks as main and\u0000prominent challenges that have been stated by the respondents, which reduce the benefit of these social media.\u0000Keywords: Journalists’ Uses, Omani Newspapers, Social Media, Challenges.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125198289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is needless to say that the 'historicism' of novels is present in their 'protagonists' or in their narratives, which had occurred in some era that had had its own events and heros. Or perhaps to have its own world of narration, which takes its topics from the inventions and available information offered by its era, as well as the artistic rules and objective dissertations of that era. The first issue regarding the novel chosen to be our case study today would be dependent upon how many referrals that society witnessed, according to the novel research, that the recepient could receive. Moreover, the intellectual side of a literary work will also deal with the study; or with its theme or message, in addition to the learning components and their resources in any narrative piece of work, or by what is known as the 'content' (which does not mean topic), whose historical or even imaginery components are derived from the sequence of events. As for the artistic emotion, it will be incorporated into the requirements imposed by the literary piece of work in light of, on the one hand, the theory of novel, and the case study of the narrative techniques, on the other. The entirety of this lies within the frames of the dialectic issue found in 'Back to Exile': is it a historical novel, or is it a piece of literary work that uses history? It is an on-going artistic issue that continues to be brought up each time this topic is present: novel and history. So, is this piece of literary work considered as a 'historical novel', or is it a 'novel that uses history' as a frame and vocabulary, and maybe even an environment, according to the latter's lexical definition: the set of temporal, local and social truths? This is the essential question in this study. KeyWords: The historical novel, The novel that uses history, The journal, History line, The imginery line.
{"title":"Back to Exile\u0000Is History a Novel or Does Novel Use History?","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"It is needless to say that the 'historicism' of novels is present in their\u0000'protagonists' or in their narratives, which had occurred in some era that had had\u0000its own events and heros. Or perhaps to have its own world of narration, which\u0000takes its topics from the inventions and available information offered by its era,\u0000as well as the artistic rules and objective dissertations of that era.\u0000The first issue regarding the novel chosen to be our case study today would\u0000be dependent upon how many referrals that society witnessed, according to the\u0000novel research, that the recepient could receive.\u0000Moreover, the intellectual side of a literary work will also deal with the\u0000study; or with its theme or message, in addition to the learning components and\u0000their resources in any narrative piece of work, or by what is known as the\u0000'content' (which does not mean topic), whose historical or even imaginery\u0000components are derived from the sequence of events. As for the artistic emotion,\u0000it will be incorporated into the requirements imposed by the literary piece of\u0000work in light of, on the one hand, the theory of novel, and the case study of the\u0000narrative techniques, on the other. The entirety of this lies within the frames of\u0000the dialectic issue found in 'Back to Exile': is it a historical novel, or is it a piece\u0000of literary work that uses history?\u0000It is an on-going artistic issue that continues to be brought up each time this\u0000topic is present: novel and history. So, is this piece of literary work considered\u0000as a 'historical novel', or is it a 'novel that uses history' as a frame and\u0000vocabulary, and maybe even an environment, according to the latter's lexical\u0000definition: the set of temporal, local and social truths? This is the essential\u0000question in this study.\u0000KeyWords: The historical novel, The novel that uses history, The journal,\u0000History line, The imginery line.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125655269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research aimed to study and analyze the changes of Land Use/Cover and the vegetation patterns in Muhayil Asir Governorate during the period 1990-2019 using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System. Imageries from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Sentinel-2 were used. The visuals underwent the pre-processing and classification analysis using the supervised classification method. The results of the accuracy assessment were 91.02% for the producer's accuracy and 89.9% for the consumer's accuracy. The results showed that the study area has four types of land cover: agricultural land, urban areas, soil (unutilized land) and rocks. The area of agricultural land has increased 18.08 km² (0.94%) during the period 1990 – 2019 and extended towards the areas of urbanization. This change coincided with increased the built areas by 65.19 km² (3.40%). The increase in agricultural and built areas occurred at the expense of unutilized lands which decreased by (-4.34%). There was no change in rock outcrops over the study period. The study concluded that the most important reasons that affected the change in the land cover pattern and applications increase in the population at a rate of 2.03% population growth and the increase in income and expansion of services, which required increasing the horizontal and vertical expansion, which would affect changing patterns of Land Use/Cover for study area. Keywords: Land use, change detection, Remote Sensing, GIS.
{"title":"Detection of Changes in Land Use/Cover in Muhayil Asir\u0000(Saudi Arabia) during 1990 – 2019, Using Remote Sensing\u0000and Geographic Information System","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed to study and analyze the changes of Land Use/Cover and the\u0000vegetation patterns in Muhayil Asir Governorate during the period 1990-2019 using\u0000Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System. Imageries from Landsat Thematic\u0000Mapper (TM) and Sentinel-2 were used. The visuals underwent the pre-processing and\u0000classification analysis using the supervised classification method. The results of the\u0000accuracy assessment were 91.02% for the producer's accuracy and 89.9% for the\u0000consumer's accuracy. The results showed that the study area has four types of land cover:\u0000agricultural land, urban areas, soil (unutilized land) and rocks. The area of agricultural\u0000land has increased 18.08 km² (0.94%) during the period 1990 – 2019 and extended\u0000towards the areas of urbanization. This change coincided with increased the built areas\u0000by 65.19 km² (3.40%). The increase in agricultural and built areas occurred at the\u0000expense of unutilized lands which decreased by (-4.34%). There was no change in rock\u0000outcrops over the study period. The study concluded that the most important reasons that affected the change in the land cover pattern and applications increase in the population at a rate of 2.03% population growth and the increase in income and expansion of services, which required increasing the horizontal and vertical expansion, which would affect changing patterns of Land Use/Cover for study area.\u0000Keywords: Land use, change detection, Remote Sensing, GIS.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116429160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for a standardized Arabic proficiency language test for speakers of other languages and/or even native speakers of Arabic still poses a challenge for specialists in Arabic applied linguistics and teachers of Arabic to speakers of other languages alike. Despite many attempts to produce such a standardized test over the past decades, yet they fall short of being satisfactory to be accepted as international tests like other international recognized and widely implemented language proficiency tests due to their many short comings. This study is twofold: first, it is an attempt to shed light on some of the Arabic language proficiency tests produced and implemented thus far such as the test produced by the American Association of Teachers of Arabic (AATA), the test produced by the Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) and the test, with limited implementation,produced by the Arabic Linguistics Institute at King Saud University (ALI). The studypresents a thorough analysis pertaining to content and theoretical framework in light of standards for language proficiency tests. Second, the paper presents an empirical study on the results of 70 students from three language levels in the department of Language and Culture who were studying Arabic as a second Language and sat for the ALI test when experimenting on it. The variables examined were the number of languages they speak, the number of years they spent learning Arabic before joining the program and the level they were placed in according to the department own language test. The goalwas to see the impact of these variables on the four language skills; writing, reading, listening and speaking and whether their results in the proficiency test matches their placement by the department in the different language levels. Statistical results and discussions are based on SSPS. The study concludes with some pedagogical implications and recommendations. Keywords: Proficiency, Test, Standards, Standardized tests, Arabic for speakers of other languages.
{"title":"Arabic Proficiency Test: An Analytical and Evaluation Study","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The need for a standardized Arabic proficiency language test for speakers of other\u0000languages and/or even native speakers of Arabic still poses a challenge for specialists in\u0000Arabic applied linguistics and teachers of Arabic to speakers of other languages alike.\u0000Despite many attempts to produce such a standardized test over the past decades, yet\u0000they fall short of being satisfactory to be accepted as international tests like other\u0000international recognized and widely implemented language proficiency tests due to their\u0000many short comings. This study is twofold: first, it is an attempt to shed light on some of\u0000the Arabic language proficiency tests produced and implemented thus far such as the test produced by the American Association of Teachers of Arabic (AATA), the test produced by the Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) and the test, with limited implementation,produced by the Arabic Linguistics Institute at King Saud University (ALI). The studypresents a thorough analysis pertaining to content and theoretical framework in light of standards for language proficiency tests. Second, the paper presents an empirical study on the results of 70 students from three language levels in the department of Language and Culture who were studying Arabic as a second Language and sat for the ALI test when experimenting on it. The variables examined were the number of languages they speak, the number of years they spent learning Arabic before joining the program and the level they were placed in according to the department own language test. The goalwas to see the impact of these variables on the four language skills; writing, reading, listening and speaking and whether their results in the proficiency test matches their placement by the department in the different language levels. Statistical results and discussions are based on SSPS. The study concludes with some pedagogical implications and recommendations.\u0000Keywords: Proficiency, Test, Standards, Standardized tests, Arabic for speakers of other\u0000languages.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132064948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The apartheid system prevailed in South Africa in 1948. The natives of the land were segregated into ethnic groups in certain locations known as the Bantustan. According to apartheid laws, each ethic group, whether white or black in skin, is only liable to inhabit a certain region. However, the white have the right of mobilization while the Black are imprisoned in their selected areas. Such discrimination alludes to the one which is established by Israel to discriminate between the Palestinian Muslims and Christians in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and other occupied lands. Such racial discrimination is deeply rooted in the Jewish rationale. Sephardim and Ashkenazim, i.e. western or eastern Jews serve as a good example on this issue. The Western Jews look down upon their Eastern peers as being inferior by all means. The Zionist movement whose members are originally from the west have instigated this inequality and prejudice against their Eastern peers. Keywords: Apartheid, Sephardim, Ashkenazim, Zionist Movement, Bantustan.
{"title":"The Apartheid System in the Israeli and South African\u0000Experiences","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/17.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/17.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The apartheid system prevailed in South Africa in 1948. The natives of the land\u0000were segregated into ethnic groups in certain locations known as the Bantustan.\u0000According to apartheid laws, each ethic group, whether white or black in skin, is only\u0000liable to inhabit a certain region. However, the white have the right of mobilization while\u0000the Black are imprisoned in their selected areas. Such discrimination alludes to the one\u0000which is established by Israel to discriminate between the Palestinian Muslims and\u0000Christians in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and other occupied lands. Such racial\u0000discrimination is deeply rooted in the Jewish rationale. Sephardim and Ashkenazim, i.e.\u0000western or eastern Jews serve as a good example on this issue. The Western Jews look\u0000down upon their Eastern peers as being inferior by all means. The Zionist movement\u0000whose members are originally from the west have instigated this inequality and prejudice\u0000against their Eastern peers.\u0000Keywords: Apartheid, Sephardim, Ashkenazim, Zionist Movement, Bantustan.","PeriodicalId":264644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132128090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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