Russian Abstract: В статье описываются проблемы формирования локальной идентичности городских сообществ, рассматривается роль местных аналитических сообществ в российских городах. На основе данных социологического исследования представлены структура и основные элементы локальной идентичности, сделаны выводы о том, что задачей местных аналитических сообществ является организация эффективного трансфера символической политики в несимволические практики, то есть переход от борьбы за идентичность в символическом пространстве к политическим действиям.English Abstract: The article describes the problems of formation of local identity of city communities, examines the role of local analytical communities in the Russian cities. Based on the social research presents the structure and the main elements of local identity, The article describes the problems of formation of local identity of city communities, examines the role of local analytical communities in the Russian cities. Based on the social research presents the structure and the main elements of local identity, and the conclusion that the task of the local community is to provide efficient transfer of symbolic politics to non-symbolic practices, that is, the transition from the struggle for identity in the symbolic space to political action.
{"title":"Городские Сообщества в Поисках Локальной Идентичности: Символическая Политика и Несимволические Практики (Local Communities in the Search for a Local Identity: Symbolic Politics and Non-Symbolic Practice)","authors":"R. Evstifeev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2769580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2769580","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: В статье описываются проблемы формирования локальной идентичности городских сообществ, рассматривается роль местных аналитических сообществ в российских городах. На основе данных социологического исследования представлены структура и основные элементы локальной идентичности, сделаны выводы о том, что задачей местных аналитических сообществ является организация эффективного трансфера символической политики в несимволические практики, то есть переход от борьбы за идентичность в символическом пространстве к политическим действиям.English Abstract: The article describes the problems of formation of local identity of city communities, examines the role of local analytical communities in the Russian cities. Based on the social research presents the structure and the main elements of local identity, The article describes the problems of formation of local identity of city communities, examines the role of local analytical communities in the Russian cities. Based on the social research presents the structure and the main elements of local identity, and the conclusion that the task of the local community is to provide efficient transfer of symbolic politics to non-symbolic practices, that is, the transition from the struggle for identity in the symbolic space to political action.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131999595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban land governance is one of the central challenges not just for urban but also more broadly for global development in times of rapid urbanisation. This paper advances a fresh perspective to look at urban land by exploring to what extent it could be characterised as a resource curse problem. The conclusion is a resounding yes: urban land issues exhibit a host of characteristics and dynamics that compellingly suggest that we are facing a resource curse situation. What’s more, the particular configuration of drivers and characteristics points to a resource curse that rivals and in some aspects even dwarfs the risks, complexities and acuity associated with the phenomenon in other sectors. Ringing the alarm bells on the urban land challenge is not a particularly original or value-adding insight, but the novel analytical re-framing of the issues as a resource course offers the opportunity to: link the anti-corruption and good governance community more productively into the urban land challenge, a conversation from which it has so far remained surprisingly absent; and, draw inspiration and fresh ideas from the rich stock of expertise, insights, learning and experimentations that have taken place in resource curse governance as one of the longest standing hotspots of governance research, institutional reform and policy advocacy that have turned this field into a petri-dish for progressive designs and governance experimentations.The paper proceeds as follows: chapter 2 sets out to contrast the urgency of the urban land challenge with the rather modest attention and engagement with these issues on the part of the anti-corruption and governance community. Chapter 3 provides a brief introduction to the resource curse phenomenon. Chapter 4, the main analytical part of the argument, moves into a detailed discussion of several features and dynamics of urban land issues that all conspire to suggest a perfect storm, a resource curse situation of an extraordinary degree of complexity and consequence.Chapter 5 finally moves from problem description to a focus on possible solutions, illustrating how the learnings and progressive reforms related to classic resource curse situations can inspire and inform thinking about urban land problems.
{"title":"Towards an Urban Land Resource Curse? A Fresh Perspective on a Long-Standing Issue","authors":"D. Zinnbauer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2689236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2689236","url":null,"abstract":"Urban land governance is one of the central challenges not just for urban but also more broadly for global development in times of rapid urbanisation. This paper advances a fresh perspective to look at urban land by exploring to what extent it could be characterised as a resource curse problem. The conclusion is a resounding yes: urban land issues exhibit a host of characteristics and dynamics that compellingly suggest that we are facing a resource curse situation. What’s more, the particular configuration of drivers and characteristics points to a resource curse that rivals and in some aspects even dwarfs the risks, complexities and acuity associated with the phenomenon in other sectors. Ringing the alarm bells on the urban land challenge is not a particularly original or value-adding insight, but the novel analytical re-framing of the issues as a resource course offers the opportunity to: link the anti-corruption and good governance community more productively into the urban land challenge, a conversation from which it has so far remained surprisingly absent; and, draw inspiration and fresh ideas from the rich stock of expertise, insights, learning and experimentations that have taken place in resource curse governance as one of the longest standing hotspots of governance research, institutional reform and policy advocacy that have turned this field into a petri-dish for progressive designs and governance experimentations.The paper proceeds as follows: chapter 2 sets out to contrast the urgency of the urban land challenge with the rather modest attention and engagement with these issues on the part of the anti-corruption and governance community. Chapter 3 provides a brief introduction to the resource curse phenomenon. Chapter 4, the main analytical part of the argument, moves into a detailed discussion of several features and dynamics of urban land issues that all conspire to suggest a perfect storm, a resource curse situation of an extraordinary degree of complexity and consequence.Chapter 5 finally moves from problem description to a focus on possible solutions, illustrating how the learnings and progressive reforms related to classic resource curse situations can inspire and inform thinking about urban land problems.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126423537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We show that the beta with respect to an index of global ex ante tail risk concerns (𝔾ℝ𝕀𝕏), which we construct using out-of-the-money options on multiple global assets, negatively drives cross-sectional return variations across asset classes, including international equity indices, foreign currencies, and government bond futures. The pricing power of 𝔾ℝ𝕀𝕏 becomes stronger when more asset-class-level tail risk concerns are incorporated in the index construction. 𝔾ℝ𝕀𝕏 also dominates asset-class-level tail risk concerns in pricing assets within each asset class. These evidences imply that the pricing effect of tail risk concerns works predominantly as a global channel. The 𝔾ℝ𝕀𝕏 pricing effect is distinct from that of tail risk factors based on historical realizations, consistent with the interpretation that tail risk concerns likely reflect investors’ ex ante subjective belief about tail risk. This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
我们表明，我们使用多个全球资产的场外期权构建的全球先验尾部风险关注指数(g g∈𝕏)的贝塔系数对资产类别(包括国际股票指数、外币和政府债券期货)的横截面回报变化产生了负驱动。在指标构建中加入更多的资产类别级尾部风险关注，使得指标的定价权变得更强。在每个资产类别内的资产定价中，g / g / g / g / g / g也支配着资产类别级别的尾部风险关注。这些证据表明，尾部风险担忧的定价效应主要作为全球渠道发挥作用。基于历史实现的定价效应与尾部风险因素的定价效应不同，与尾部风险关注可能反映投资者事前对尾部风险的主观信念的解释一致。本文被财经王能接受。
{"title":"Tail Risk Concerns Everywhere","authors":"George P. Gao, Xiaomeng Lu, Zhaogang Song","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2606345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2606345","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the beta with respect to an index of global ex ante tail risk concerns (𝔾ℝ𝕀𝕏), which we construct using out-of-the-money options on multiple global assets, negatively drives cross-sectional return variations across asset classes, including international equity indices, foreign currencies, and government bond futures. The pricing power of 𝔾ℝ𝕀𝕏 becomes stronger when more asset-class-level tail risk concerns are incorporated in the index construction. 𝔾ℝ𝕀𝕏 also dominates asset-class-level tail risk concerns in pricing assets within each asset class. These evidences imply that the pricing effect of tail risk concerns works predominantly as a global channel. The 𝔾ℝ𝕀𝕏 pricing effect is distinct from that of tail risk factors based on historical realizations, consistent with the interpretation that tail risk concerns likely reflect investors’ ex ante subjective belief about tail risk. This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133801216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Density is a fundamental, defining characteristic of urban areas that has important implications for many other aspects of urban life. Using census tract data for 1950 to 2010, the extent of the built-up urban areas is delineated in a consistent manner for 59 of the largest metropolitan regions in the United States. Contrary to common expectations of nearly universal decline in urban densities, many areas showed relatively stable densities or even significant increases over the period. The areas with stable or increasing densities were located in the South and, especially for increases in density, in the West. The larger declines in densities occurred in areas in the Northeast and Midwest. Density levels and changes in density were associated with the sizes of areas, prior densities, rates of growth, and the presence of barriers to urban expansion.
{"title":"Density of Large Urban Areas in the U.S., 1950-2010","authors":"J. Ottensmann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2881702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2881702","url":null,"abstract":"Density is a fundamental, defining characteristic of urban areas that has important implications for many other aspects of urban life. Using census tract data for 1950 to 2010, the extent of the built-up urban areas is delineated in a consistent manner for 59 of the largest metropolitan regions in the United States. Contrary to common expectations of nearly universal decline in urban densities, many areas showed relatively stable densities or even significant increases over the period. The areas with stable or increasing densities were located in the South and, especially for increases in density, in the West. The larger declines in densities occurred in areas in the Northeast and Midwest. Density levels and changes in density were associated with the sizes of areas, prior densities, rates of growth, and the presence of barriers to urban expansion.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131645517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an overview of the structure of probabilistic catastrophe risk models, discusses their importance for appraising sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance instruments and strategy, and puts forward a model and a process for improving decision making on the linked disaster risk management strategy and sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance strategy. The paper discusses governments' use of probabilistic catastrophe models to inform sovereign disaster risk financing decision making and describes the ex ante and ex post financing instruments available for responding to extreme natural events. It also discusses the challenge of appraising sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance instruments, including a review of the multiple dimensions of disaster risks and the value that probabilistic catastrophe risk models provide. The decision making framework for sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance put forward by the paper includes the use of a decision model (an influence diagram) as a rigorous representation of the relationships between the decisions, uncertain events, and consequences relevant to sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance decision making. The framework also includes a process for generating high-quality customized components for the decision model, and a tool for designing coherent sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance strategies. The paper ends with suggestions for improving catastrophe risk models to facilitate sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance decision making.
{"title":"Using Probabilistic Models to Appraise and Decide on Sovereign Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance","authors":"Roberto Ley-Borrás, Benjamin D. Fox","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-7358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7358","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of the structure of probabilistic catastrophe risk models, discusses their importance for appraising sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance instruments and strategy, and puts forward a model and a process for improving decision making on the linked disaster risk management strategy and sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance strategy. The paper discusses governments' use of probabilistic catastrophe models to inform sovereign disaster risk financing decision making and describes the ex ante and ex post financing instruments available for responding to extreme natural events. It also discusses the challenge of appraising sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance instruments, including a review of the multiple dimensions of disaster risks and the value that probabilistic catastrophe risk models provide. The decision making framework for sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance put forward by the paper includes the use of a decision model (an influence diagram) as a rigorous representation of the relationships between the decisions, uncertain events, and consequences relevant to sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance decision making. The framework also includes a process for generating high-quality customized components for the decision model, and a tool for designing coherent sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance strategies. The paper ends with suggestions for improving catastrophe risk models to facilitate sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance decision making.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131137696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After the Great East Japan Earthquake, energy conservation and earthquake resistance in buildings have become matters of increasing concern for residents. In this research, an empirical analysis is conducted to measure the effect of environmental investment on housing prices, particularly those of newly built condominiums. We use a dataset covering 55 buildings with 796 dwelling units that were sold in Tokyo’s 23 wards in 2011. Results of estimation using a two-stage spatial hedonic model show that high solar power utilization in buildings has a significant positive effect on housing prices.
{"title":"Two-Stage Spatial Hedonic Model on Newly Built Condominiums in the Tokyo Housing Market","authors":"Takahisa Yokoi, Haruhisa Ishizuka","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2673950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2673950","url":null,"abstract":"After the Great East Japan Earthquake, energy conservation and earthquake resistance in buildings have become matters of increasing concern for residents. In this research, an empirical analysis is conducted to measure the effect of environmental investment on housing prices, particularly those of newly built condominiums. We use a dataset covering 55 buildings with 796 dwelling units that were sold in Tokyo’s 23 wards in 2011. Results of estimation using a two-stage spatial hedonic model show that high solar power utilization in buildings has a significant positive effect on housing prices.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126270005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a formal testing procedure for distinguishing between engineering and ecological resilience, by fully exploiting the properties of the non-linear smooth-transition autoregressive (STAR) model. A two-steps’ empirical strategy is adopted for measuring, comparing and explaining the ecological resilience of regional economies to aggregate business cycle’s variations in a multi-regime environment. The relevance of evolutionary patterns for analysing regional resilience is deeply discussed. The empirical investigation is conducted for the Italian case, by looking at the dynamic of regional employment growth over the period 1992-2012. Differences in regional resilience among Italian regions are explained by the concentration of manufacturing activities, highly productive regional exports, financial constraints, human and social capital. Some concluding suggestions introduce possible future areas of research in line with the more recent literature on this topic.
{"title":"Testing and Explaining Economic Resilience with an Application to Italian Regions","authors":"P. Di Caro","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2469221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2469221","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a formal testing procedure for distinguishing between engineering and ecological resilience, by fully exploiting the properties of the non-linear smooth-transition autoregressive (STAR) model. A two-steps’ empirical strategy is adopted for measuring, comparing and explaining the ecological resilience of regional economies to aggregate business cycle’s variations in a multi-regime environment. The relevance of evolutionary patterns for analysing regional resilience is deeply discussed. The empirical investigation is conducted for the Italian case, by looking at the dynamic of regional employment growth over the period 1992-2012. Differences in regional resilience among Italian regions are explained by the concentration of manufacturing activities, highly productive regional exports, financial constraints, human and social capital. Some concluding suggestions introduce possible future areas of research in line with the more recent literature on this topic.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129125653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses future trends for intrastate conflict in Africa up to 2050 using the International Futures (IFs) model. After reviewing the main post-Cold War patterns of conflict and instability on the continent, the paper discusses seven key correlations associated with intrastate conflict in Africa. It then points to a number of reasons for the changing outlook, including the continued salience of various ‘structural’ conditions that drive intrastate violence even during rapid economic growth, recent improvements in human development alongside a strengthened regional and international conflict prevention, conflict resolution and peacebuilding regime. Finally, the paper explores how multipolarity may impact on stability and forecasts trends for intrastate conflict in West, Southern, Horn/East and Central Africa. The authors expect large-scale violence to continue its steady decline, although the risk of instability and violence is likely to persist, and even increase in some instances.
{"title":"The Future of Intrastate Conflict in Africa More Violence or Greater Peace?","authors":"Jakkie Cilliers, Julia Schünemann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2690238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2690238","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses future trends for intrastate conflict in Africa up to 2050 using the International Futures (IFs) model. After reviewing the main post-Cold War patterns of conflict and instability on the continent, the paper discusses seven key correlations associated with intrastate conflict in Africa. It then points to a number of reasons for the changing outlook, including the continued salience of various ‘structural’ conditions that drive intrastate violence even during rapid economic growth, recent improvements in human development alongside a strengthened regional and international conflict prevention, conflict resolution and peacebuilding regime. Finally, the paper explores how multipolarity may impact on stability and forecasts trends for intrastate conflict in West, Southern, Horn/East and Central Africa. The authors expect large-scale violence to continue its steady decline, although the risk of instability and violence is likely to persist, and even increase in some instances.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124187569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A general overview of the situation at Fukushima as of May 2011.
2011年5月福岛核事故概况。
{"title":"The 2011 Tohoku Disaster and the Nuclear Incident at Fukushima: Comparative Review, Historical Analysis and Assessment of the Japanese Nuclear Regime","authors":"A. Bertero","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1878263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1878263","url":null,"abstract":"A general overview of the situation at Fukushima as of May 2011.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134601021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper considers the role of incentive based climate adaptation policies. It uses the early literature on pricing and capacity choices under demand uncertainty to describe how revised price structures for the substitutes for climate services can be treated as anticipatory adaptation. In many situations the policies determining the prices of these services make them difficult to adjust. Thus, excess demand will not be managed through price adjustment. This situation is important because it implies that the rationing rules determining who is served influence both capacity planning and pricing decisions. The lesson drawn from these models is that reform of pricing policy for climate substitutes offers a ready basis for incentive based adaptation policy. The last part of the paper offers some empirical evidence on how the price elasticity of the residential demand for water changes with variations in seasonal precipitation. The findings suggest marked differences between normal and dry conditions for the Phoenix metropolitan area. These results reinforce the need to co-ordinate changes in pricing policy with any capacity planning developed for water supplies as part of anticipatory climate adaptation. Similar relationships may well apply for other substitutes for climatic services.
{"title":"How Can Policy Encourage Economically Sensible Climate Adaptation?","authors":"V. Smith","doi":"10.3386/w16100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16100","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the role of incentive based climate adaptation policies. It uses the early literature on pricing and capacity choices under demand uncertainty to describe how revised price structures for the substitutes for climate services can be treated as anticipatory adaptation. In many situations the policies determining the prices of these services make them difficult to adjust. Thus, excess demand will not be managed through price adjustment. This situation is important because it implies that the rationing rules determining who is served influence both capacity planning and pricing decisions. The lesson drawn from these models is that reform of pricing policy for climate substitutes offers a ready basis for incentive based adaptation policy. The last part of the paper offers some empirical evidence on how the price elasticity of the residential demand for water changes with variations in seasonal precipitation. The findings suggest marked differences between normal and dry conditions for the Phoenix metropolitan area. These results reinforce the need to co-ordinate changes in pricing policy with any capacity planning developed for water supplies as part of anticipatory climate adaptation. Similar relationships may well apply for other substitutes for climatic services.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125016149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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