This paper presents two basic results: the use of established methods of recursive definition to present a single method to 1. specify the syntax of computer languages (including context sensitive requirements, such as the restrictions implied by declaration statements), 2. specify the translation of programs in one computer language into programs in another language.
{"title":"A formal system for the specification of the syntax and translation of computer languages","authors":"J. Donovan, H. Ledgard","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465685","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents two basic results: the use of established methods of recursive definition to present a single method to\u0000 1. specify the syntax of computer languages (including context sensitive requirements, such as the restrictions implied by declaration statements),\u0000 2. specify the translation of programs in one computer language into programs in another language.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123752205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of a software support package for any computer system can quite readily be defined by the potential user of such a system. He will quickly point out that he wants the system to provide all the features and functions that he requires and that it should occupy minimal storage space and consume minimal time. Obviously, the designer of a software support system faced with these impossible objectives finds his life to be one of constant decision making as he comes up with the compromises that give the best possible approach to this solution.
{"title":"Experiments in software modeling","authors":"D. Fox, J. Kessler","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465668","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of a software support package for any computer system can quite readily be defined by the potential user of such a system. He will quickly point out that he wants the system to provide all the features and functions that he requires and that it should occupy minimal storage space and consume minimal time. Obviously, the designer of a software support system faced with these impossible objectives finds his life to be one of constant decision making as he comes up with the compromises that give the best possible approach to this solution.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123849839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The developing capability of the semiconductor industry to fabricate and interconnect a hundred or more logic gates on a single silicon chip promises to have a substantial impact upon the performance and reliability of today's computers. In just a decade, computer fabrication techniques have progressed from a single vacuum tube gate occupying many cubic inches in volume, to second generation discrete transistor circuitry, and to integrated circuit flat-packs in the third generation machines. Each successive generation has offered more computing power through faster circuitry and increased packing densities. Approximately 99% of the volume, even in densely packaged third generation computers, represents packaging and circuit interconnection material, and this separation between computer components still represents a severe speed bottleneck. It is not uncommon for 75% of the machine delay to occur in interconnection wiring with only 25% of the delay inherent in the flat-packs. Large-scale integration of logic gates on a single silicon chip offers promise of breaking this speed bottleneck in the larger and faster fourth generation machines.
{"title":"System architecture for large-scale integration","authors":"H. Beelitz, S. Levy, R. Linhardt, H. Miller","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465636","url":null,"abstract":"The developing capability of the semiconductor industry to fabricate and interconnect a hundred or more logic gates on a single silicon chip promises to have a substantial impact upon the performance and reliability of today's computers. In just a decade, computer fabrication techniques have progressed from a single vacuum tube gate occupying many cubic inches in volume, to second generation discrete transistor circuitry, and to integrated circuit flat-packs in the third generation machines. Each successive generation has offered more computing power through faster circuitry and increased packing densities. Approximately 99% of the volume, even in densely packaged third generation computers, represents packaging and circuit interconnection material, and this separation between computer components still represents a severe speed bottleneck. It is not uncommon for 75% of the machine delay to occur in interconnection wiring with only 25% of the delay inherent in the flat-packs. Large-scale integration of logic gates on a single silicon chip offers promise of breaking this speed bottleneck in the larger and faster fourth generation machines.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128609725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Apollo manned lunar landing program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has as requirements the execution of various rendezvous and docking maneuvers in space by the command and service module (CSM), the lunar module (LM), and the S-IVB space vehicles. To insure the success of the mission, the following four docking maneuvers are required.
{"title":"Hybrid Apollo docking simulation","authors":"Bruce Johnson, S. S. Weiner","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465627","url":null,"abstract":"The Apollo manned lunar landing program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has as requirements the execution of various rendezvous and docking maneuvers in space by the command and service module (CSM), the lunar module (LM), and the S-IVB space vehicles. To insure the success of the mission, the following four docking maneuvers are required.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132572555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the sheer increase in demand for the graphic presentation of three-dimensional objects has almost overwhelmed conventional facilities; that is, designers, draftsmen and especially engineering artists. For example, it is important for a designer or architect to quickly describe a three-dimensional object and view it immediately; not as an endless set of engineering drawings, but as if he were viewing the three-dimensional object itself. He should be able to take a distant look at a complicated object, and then view, in detail, any subsection of the object. In other words, he would like to quickly and cheaply simulate and view the thing he is designing.
{"title":"Half-tone perspective drawings by computer","authors":"C. Wylie, G. Romney, D. C. Evans, A. Erdahl","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465619","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the sheer increase in demand for the graphic presentation of three-dimensional objects has almost overwhelmed conventional facilities; that is, designers, draftsmen and especially engineering artists. For example, it is important for a designer or architect to quickly describe a three-dimensional object and view it immediately; not as an endless set of engineering drawings, but as if he were viewing the three-dimensional object itself. He should be able to take a distant look at a complicated object, and then view, in detail, any subsection of the object. In other words, he would like to quickly and cheaply simulate and view the thing he is designing.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131349431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To understand the problems of real-time control systems it is beneficial to review briefly some of the characteristics of command and control or commercial multiprogrammed systems. Typically, these systems are not time critical and as a result can schedule programs on a queue basis. The System Executive's master scheduling program keeps track of operational programs ready to run (and also keeps track of free processors if the system is a multiprocessor) and then simply assigns programs running time on a priority basis. If the processor (or processors) happens to be busy at a particular moment, the ready-to-run program list becomes a queue. Thus the timing relationships among operational programs of lesser priority are somewhat random, and there is a somewhat unpredictable wait for a given program. In many applications this random wait is acceptable; however, in many real time control systems, in particular real time avionics and space systems, this randomness is not acceptable. For example, if it is time to execute a program with a precise periodicity requirement there must be a guarantee that the processor (or a processor) is available or has lower-priority, interruptable programs in execution. If all the processors happen to be engaged in executing other programs with precise periodicity requirements at this time, a system bottleneck would exist. This bottleneck would introduce errors in the accuracies of the computations. For example, in an avionics system, if the periodicity is not precisely held, a weapon delivery program could easily cause the weapons to miss the target, or an automatic terrain-following program could cause a plane to crash or be forced to pull up to higher altitudes.
{"title":"Management of periodic operations in a real-time computation system","authors":"H. Wyle, G. Burnett","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465638","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the problems of real-time control systems it is beneficial to review briefly some of the characteristics of command and control or commercial multiprogrammed systems. Typically, these systems are not time critical and as a result can schedule programs on a queue basis. The System Executive's master scheduling program keeps track of operational programs ready to run (and also keeps track of free processors if the system is a multiprocessor) and then simply assigns programs running time on a priority basis. If the processor (or processors) happens to be busy at a particular moment, the ready-to-run program list becomes a queue. Thus the timing relationships among operational programs of lesser priority are somewhat random, and there is a somewhat unpredictable wait for a given program. In many applications this random wait is acceptable; however, in many real time control systems, in particular real time avionics and space systems, this randomness is not acceptable. For example, if it is time to execute a program with a precise periodicity requirement there must be a guarantee that the processor (or a processor) is available or has lower-priority, interruptable programs in execution. If all the processors happen to be engaged in executing other programs with precise periodicity requirements at this time, a system bottleneck would exist. This bottleneck would introduce errors in the accuracies of the computations. For example, in an avionics system, if the periodicity is not precisely held, a weapon delivery program could easily cause the weapons to miss the target, or an automatic terrain-following program could cause a plane to crash or be forced to pull up to higher altitudes.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125697568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The popular concept of a multiple-access processing system as a common facility for many users (at remote terminals) with varied processing requirements, has over the past few years received considerable attention. The research for proper hardware and software design solutions has been primarily directed at installations which would support a large and diverse group of users with varied and sometimes complex applications, thus implying the requirement for a powerful computer and large memory storage. The usefulness of these time-sharing systems stems from their capability to provide computing power to any user when, where and in the amount needed.
{"title":"Design, thru simulation, of a multiple-access information system","authors":"L. R. Glinka, R. Brush, A. J. Ungar","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465669","url":null,"abstract":"The popular concept of a multiple-access processing system as a common facility for many users (at remote terminals) with varied processing requirements, has over the past few years received considerable attention. The research for proper hardware and software design solutions has been primarily directed at installations which would support a large and diverse group of users with varied and sometimes complex applications, thus implying the requirement for a powerful computer and large memory storage. The usefulness of these time-sharing systems stems from their capability to provide computing power to any user when, where and in the amount needed.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126267058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of Executive Control Programs is increasing with the number and size of the applications of computers to data processing problems. As problems become more complex and as the computer's external equipment becomes more numerous, Executive Control Programs serve as monitors in increasing the efficiency of the computer as well as its capability of shared utilization of hardware and software. They are, therefore, an enlightened compromise of hardware and software.
{"title":"An executive system for on-line programming on a small-scale system","authors":"Lance V. Moberg","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465642","url":null,"abstract":"The role of Executive Control Programs is increasing with the number and size of the applications of computers to data processing problems. As problems become more complex and as the computer's external equipment becomes more numerous, Executive Control Programs serve as monitors in increasing the efficiency of the computer as well as its capability of shared utilization of hardware and software. They are, therefore, an enlightened compromise of hardware and software.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128462940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A significant recent development in hybrid computation is the increasing use of multiprogramming techniques and multiprocessing hardware. To some extent this trend is motivated by the development of multi-user systems in the pure digital field. However, the primary justification for hybrid multiprogramming is economic. It is possible to show that, by sharing a large, powerful central facility, the cost-per-computation can be reduced by almost an order of magnitude, as compared with the alternative of using several smaller, wholly-committed computers.
{"title":"Multiprogramming for hybrid computation","authors":"M. Fineberg, O. Serlin","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465613","url":null,"abstract":"A significant recent development in hybrid computation is the increasing use of multiprogramming techniques and multiprocessing hardware. To some extent this trend is motivated by the development of multi-user systems in the pure digital field. However, the primary justification for hybrid multiprogramming is economic. It is possible to show that, by sharing a large, powerful central facility, the cost-per-computation can be reduced by almost an order of magnitude, as compared with the alternative of using several smaller, wholly-committed computers.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125436629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Textile Graphics is a computer-aided technique for developing a textile design and textile patterning mechanism information from an artist's drawing. The computer is operated by a textile designer-technician who understands the particular textile machinery for which he is adapting the original drawing. The designer-technician inputs the original drawing by a combination of graphical input devices; tracing on an on-line digitizing tablet, drawing free-hand with light-pen on the screen of the IBM 2250 and manipulating the design with function keys.
{"title":"Textile graphics applied to textile printing","authors":"Janice R. Lourie, John J. Lorenzo","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465617","url":null,"abstract":"Textile Graphics is a computer-aided technique for developing a textile design and textile patterning mechanism information from an artist's drawing. The computer is operated by a textile designer-technician who understands the particular textile machinery for which he is adapting the original drawing. The designer-technician inputs the original drawing by a combination of graphical input devices; tracing on an on-line digitizing tablet, drawing free-hand with light-pen on the screen of the IBM 2250 and manipulating the design with function keys.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124684619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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