Creation of a dynamic 3-D display based on holography, in which a 3-D scene is encoded in terms of optical diffraction, transformed into the fringe patterns of the hologram that is further converted into a signal for a spatial light modulator (SLM) and displayed in real time, is an extremely challenging enterprise. There are various approaches targeted to solve associated problems.
{"title":"Trends in development of dynamic holographic displays","authors":"V. Sainov, E. Stoykova, L. Onural, H. Ozaktas","doi":"10.1117/12.677056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.677056","url":null,"abstract":"Creation of a dynamic 3-D display based on holography, in which a 3-D scene is encoded in terms of optical diffraction, transformed into the fringe patterns of the hologram that is further converted into a signal for a spatial light modulator (SLM) and displayed in real time, is an extremely challenging enterprise. There are various approaches targeted to solve associated problems.","PeriodicalId":266048,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Holography, Optical Recording, and Processing of Information","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123305156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Refractive data for more than fifteen types of American, German and Japanese optical polymers at laser emission wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions from 406.7 nm (Krypton) to 1080 nm (Nd:YAP) is presented. We have measured the refractive indices of the examined optical plastics (OPs) at selected wavelengths from 435.8 nm to 1052 nm with an accuracy of ±0.001. Laser measurements at HeNe emission wavelength λ=632.8 nm have been also accomplished. A modified Caushy's dispersion formula for computer modelling of the refractive characteristics of OPs in the region of normal dispersion is utilized. On its basis a new OptiColor program is realized for determination of the dispersion coefficients and dispersion curves of any optical material. The obtained data for the OPs' dispersion coefficients, refractive indices at laser emission wavelengths, and dispersion charts could be useful for the optical designers and production technologists of laser devices.
{"title":"Refractive data of optical plastics for laser applications","authors":"N. Sultanova, S. Kasarova, C. Ivanov, I. Nikolov","doi":"10.1117/12.676557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.676557","url":null,"abstract":"Refractive data for more than fifteen types of American, German and Japanese optical polymers at laser emission wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions from 406.7 nm (Krypton) to 1080 nm (Nd:YAP) is presented. We have measured the refractive indices of the examined optical plastics (OPs) at selected wavelengths from 435.8 nm to 1052 nm with an accuracy of ±0.001. Laser measurements at HeNe emission wavelength λ=632.8 nm have been also accomplished. A modified Caushy's dispersion formula for computer modelling of the refractive characteristics of OPs in the region of normal dispersion is utilized. On its basis a new OptiColor program is realized for determination of the dispersion coefficients and dispersion curves of any optical material. The obtained data for the OPs' dispersion coefficients, refractive indices at laser emission wavelengths, and dispersion charts could be useful for the optical designers and production technologists of laser devices.","PeriodicalId":266048,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Holography, Optical Recording, and Processing of Information","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122436318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical systems for data storage and processing of information have diffraction limited image quality. This requires an exact fulfillment of aplanatic conditions on the whole system aperture and usually leads to the introduction of two more adjacent aspherical surfaces. For exact defmition of these aspheric surface shapes it is necessary to solve numerically a system of two first-order differential equations. For this purpose, one can use Runge-Kutta or Adams-Bashforth-Moulton algorithms or combination of them both. However, solutions often can not be found, particularly for systems with high and super high numerical aperture. If the solution is not found, it is not clear whether it exists or not and what is the reason for the lack of solution. We propose an analytical solution of Wassermann-Wolf differential equations for aplanatism that overcomes such disadvantages. We show that the solution of the system of two Wassermann-Wolf first-order differential equations is mathematically equivalent to the consecutive solution of a set of independent linear equations and the most important factor of the lack of solution is the critical angle of incidence of aperture rays at the two aspherical surfaces. The proposed algorithm allows reliable and effective design of aplanatic optical systems containing two neighboring aspherical surfaces with high and super high numerical aperture and diffraction limited image quality for an object at infinity. We illustrate the successful application of the algorithm to the design of blue DVD objective with super high (0.95) numerical aperture and diffraction limited image quality.
{"title":"Analytical solution of Wassermann-Wolf differential equations for optical system aplanatism","authors":"B. Hristov","doi":"10.1117/12.677045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.677045","url":null,"abstract":"Optical systems for data storage and processing of information have diffraction limited image quality. This requires an exact fulfillment of aplanatic conditions on the whole system aperture and usually leads to the introduction of two more adjacent aspherical surfaces. For exact defmition of these aspheric surface shapes it is necessary to solve numerically a system of two first-order differential equations. For this purpose, one can use Runge-Kutta or Adams-Bashforth-Moulton algorithms or combination of them both. However, solutions often can not be found, particularly for systems with high and super high numerical aperture. If the solution is not found, it is not clear whether it exists or not and what is the reason for the lack of solution. We propose an analytical solution of Wassermann-Wolf differential equations for aplanatism that overcomes such disadvantages. We show that the solution of the system of two Wassermann-Wolf first-order differential equations is mathematically equivalent to the consecutive solution of a set of independent linear equations and the most important factor of the lack of solution is the critical angle of incidence of aperture rays at the two aspherical surfaces. The proposed algorithm allows reliable and effective design of aplanatic optical systems containing two neighboring aspherical surfaces with high and super high numerical aperture and diffraction limited image quality for an object at infinity. We illustrate the successful application of the algorithm to the design of blue DVD objective with super high (0.95) numerical aperture and diffraction limited image quality.","PeriodicalId":266048,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Holography, Optical Recording, and Processing of Information","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132828683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Toal, M. Whelan, A. Volcan, I. Naydenova, S. Martin
In this paper we report on holographic diffraction gratings recorded at visible light wavelength, which can be probed at telecommunication wavelengths. The recording material is an easily prepared, self-processing photopolymer, all of whose components are water soluble. Transmission gratings of various types, namely unslanted, slanted, totally internally reflecting and Bragg gratings were all fabricated. Diffraction efficiencies at telecommunications wavelengths compare favourably with those obtained in visible light.
{"title":"Replay at optical communications wavelengths of holographic gratings recorded in the visible","authors":"V. Toal, M. Whelan, A. Volcan, I. Naydenova, S. Martin","doi":"10.1117/12.676497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.676497","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we report on holographic diffraction gratings recorded at visible light wavelength, which can be probed at telecommunication wavelengths. The recording material is an easily prepared, self-processing photopolymer, all of whose components are water soluble. Transmission gratings of various types, namely unslanted, slanted, totally internally reflecting and Bragg gratings were all fabricated. Diffraction efficiencies at telecommunications wavelengths compare favourably with those obtained in visible light.","PeriodicalId":266048,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Holography, Optical Recording, and Processing of Information","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114014016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have developed an ultrafast imaging system to record and observe the propagation of femtosecond light pulses in space and time as form of frameless motion picture. To obtain the motion picture, light-in-flight recording of holography using femtosecond pulsed laser is applied. We observed a propagating femtosecond light pulse through a dispersion prism and light pulse train generated from the integrated array illuminator. The temporal and spatial behavior of such ultrashort light pulse in the prism and from the array illuminator is clearly observed. We also demonstrate the propagation of the light pulse through scattering media in three dimensional space. The observed image of the propagating light pulse in the motion picture is different from the actual propagating pulses in shape and velocity. This is common for the light-in-flight recording of holography. These characteristics of the observed image are described.
{"title":"Observation of femtosecond light pulse propagating in space and time","authors":"T. Kubota, A. Komatsu, M. Yamagiwa, Y. Awatsuji","doi":"10.1117/12.677170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.677170","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed an ultrafast imaging system to record and observe the propagation of femtosecond light pulses in space and time as form of frameless motion picture. To obtain the motion picture, light-in-flight recording of holography using femtosecond pulsed laser is applied. We observed a propagating femtosecond light pulse through a dispersion prism and light pulse train generated from the integrated array illuminator. The temporal and spatial behavior of such ultrashort light pulse in the prism and from the array illuminator is clearly observed. We also demonstrate the propagation of the light pulse through scattering media in three dimensional space. The observed image of the propagating light pulse in the motion picture is different from the actual propagating pulses in shape and velocity. This is common for the light-in-flight recording of holography. These characteristics of the observed image are described.","PeriodicalId":266048,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Holography, Optical Recording, and Processing of Information","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123824320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital holography is greatly extending the range of holography's applications and moving it from the lab into the field: a single CCD or other solid-state sensor can capture any number of holograms while numerical reconstruction within a computer eliminates the need for chemical development and readily allows further processing and visualisation of the holographic image. The steady increase in sensor pixel count leads to the possibilities of larger sample volumes, while smaller-area pixels enable the practical use of digital off-axis holography. However this increase in pixel count also drives a corresponding expansion of the computational effort needed to numerically reconstruct such holograms to an extent where the reconstruction process for a single depth slice takes significantly longer than the capture process for each single hologram. Grid computing - arecent innovation in large-scale distributed processing - provides a convenient means of harnessing significant computing resources in an ad-hoc fashion that might match the field deployment of a holographic instrument. We describe here the reconstruction of digital holograms on a trans-national computational Grid with over 10 000 nodes available at over 100 sites. A simplistic scheme of deployment was found to provide no computational advantage over a single powerful workstation. Based on these experiences we suggest an improved strategy for workflow and job execution for the replay of digital holograms on a Grid.
{"title":"The reconstruction of digital holograms on a computational grid","authors":"J. Nebrensky, P. Hobson","doi":"10.1117/12.677160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.677160","url":null,"abstract":"Digital holography is greatly extending the range of holography's applications and moving it from the lab into the field: a single CCD or other solid-state sensor can capture any number of holograms while numerical reconstruction within a computer eliminates the need for chemical development and readily allows further processing and visualisation of the holographic image. The steady increase in sensor pixel count leads to the possibilities of larger sample volumes, while smaller-area pixels enable the practical use of digital off-axis holography. However this increase in pixel count also drives a corresponding expansion of the computational effort needed to numerically reconstruct such holograms to an extent where the reconstruction process for a single depth slice takes significantly longer than the capture process for each single hologram. Grid computing - arecent innovation in large-scale distributed processing - provides a convenient means of harnessing significant computing resources in an ad-hoc fashion that might match the field deployment of a holographic instrument. We describe here the reconstruction of digital holograms on a trans-national computational Grid with over 10 000 nodes available at over 100 sites. A simplistic scheme of deployment was found to provide no computational advantage over a single powerful workstation. Based on these experiences we suggest an improved strategy for workflow and job execution for the replay of digital holograms on a Grid.","PeriodicalId":266048,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Holography, Optical Recording, and Processing of Information","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126030790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A two-spacing phase-shifting techniques for three-dimensional shape measurement based on digital fringe projection is presented. Combination of phase-shifting method with computer generated fringe patterns with a sinusoidal intensity profile allows precise measurement in real time operating mode. The two-spacing technique allows absolute coordinate estimation of the investigated specimen. The theoretical background, experimental results as well as comparison with traditional laser phase-shifting interferometry are discussed. The obtained outcomes successfully display the applicability of this technique for surface profile measurement. The proposed technique is especially useful for remote, non-destructive in-situ inspection of real objects.
{"title":"Comparative study of fringes generation in two-spacing phase-shifting profilometry","authors":"J. Harizanova, Angel Kolev","doi":"10.1117/12.677288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.677288","url":null,"abstract":"A two-spacing phase-shifting techniques for three-dimensional shape measurement based on digital fringe projection is presented. Combination of phase-shifting method with computer generated fringe patterns with a sinusoidal intensity profile allows precise measurement in real time operating mode. The two-spacing technique allows absolute coordinate estimation of the investigated specimen. The theoretical background, experimental results as well as comparison with traditional laser phase-shifting interferometry are discussed. The obtained outcomes successfully display the applicability of this technique for surface profile measurement. The proposed technique is especially useful for remote, non-destructive in-situ inspection of real objects.","PeriodicalId":266048,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Holography, Optical Recording, and Processing of Information","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129369939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method, based on phase-contrast and interference microscopy, was developed for direct microscopic observation of temporal evolution of phase holograms in photorefractive crystals. Interference microscopy was adapted to the study of photorefractive holograms. First a hologram was recorded in the sample, and diffraction efficiency was monitored during hologram build-up using inactinic laser light. Thus kinetics of hologram build-up could be determined. The initial hologram was erased using white light. Then a series of write-erase cycles were performed with increasing exposure times up to an exposure corresponding to saturation of the grating. Holograms were observed by interference microscope after each exposure. The time elapsed between the exposure and the microscopic observation was negligible compared to the relaxation time of the hologram. The obtained temporal evolution of grating profile gives a deeper insight into the physical mechanism of hologram formation in photorefractive materials than diffraction efficiency measurements. Congruently grown samples of LiNbO3: Fe, with Fe concentrations in melting of 10-3 were studied by the above method. Sample thickness was set to 300 μm to allow correct microscopic observation. Plane-wave holograms were recorded in the samples using an Ar-ion laser at λ=514 nm of grating constants of 3.3 and 7.0 μm.
{"title":"Direct microscopic observation of hologram build-up in photorefractive crystals","authors":"I. Bányász, G. Mandula","doi":"10.1117/12.676515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.676515","url":null,"abstract":"A method, based on phase-contrast and interference microscopy, was developed for direct microscopic observation of temporal evolution of phase holograms in photorefractive crystals. Interference microscopy was adapted to the study of photorefractive holograms. First a hologram was recorded in the sample, and diffraction efficiency was monitored during hologram build-up using inactinic laser light. Thus kinetics of hologram build-up could be determined. The initial hologram was erased using white light. Then a series of write-erase cycles were performed with increasing exposure times up to an exposure corresponding to saturation of the grating. Holograms were observed by interference microscope after each exposure. The time elapsed between the exposure and the microscopic observation was negligible compared to the relaxation time of the hologram. The obtained temporal evolution of grating profile gives a deeper insight into the physical mechanism of hologram formation in photorefractive materials than diffraction efficiency measurements. Congruently grown samples of LiNbO3: Fe, with Fe concentrations in melting of 10-3 were studied by the above method. Sample thickness was set to 300 μm to allow correct microscopic observation. Plane-wave holograms were recorded in the samples using an Ar-ion laser at λ=514 nm of grating constants of 3.3 and 7.0 μm.","PeriodicalId":266048,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Holography, Optical Recording, and Processing of Information","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130203853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ortuño, E. Fernández, A. Márquez, S. Gallego, C. Neipp, I. Pascual
The acrylamide photolymers are considered interesting materials for holographic media. They have high diffraction efficiency (ratio of the intensities of the diffracted and the incident beams), an intermediate energetic sensitivity among other materials and post-processing steps are not necessary, therefore the media is not altered. The layers of these materials, about 1 mm thick, are a suitable media for recording many diffraction gratings in the same volume of photopolymer using peristrophic multiplexing technique, with great practical importance in the field of holographic memories type WORM (write once read many). In this work we study the recording of diffraction gratings by peristrophic multiplexing with axis of rotation perpendicular to the recording media. The photopolymer is composed of acrylamide as the polymerizable monomer, triethanolamine as radical generator, yellowish eosin as sensitizer and a binder of polyvinyl alcohol. We analyze the holographic behaviour of the material during recording and reconstruction of diffraction gratings using a continuous Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) at an intensity of 5 mW/cm2 as recording laser. The response of the material is monitored after recording with an He-Ne laser. We study the recording process of unslanted diffraction gratings of 1125 lines/mm. The diffraction efficiency of each hologram is seen to decrease as the number of holograms recorded increases, due to consumption of the available dynamic range, in a constant exposure scheduling. It can be seen that the photopolymer works well with high energy levels, without excessive dispersion of light by noise gratings. In order to homogenize the diffraction efficiency of each hologram we use the method proposed by Pu. This method is designed to share all or part of the avaliable dynamic range of the recording material among the holograms to be multiplexed. Using exposure schedules derived from this method we have used 3 scheduling recordings from the algorithm used. Additionaly, we use an exponential scheduling recording in order to correct the exposure times from the first iteration of the algorithm.
{"title":"High thickness acrylamide photopolymer for peristrophic multiplexing","authors":"M. Ortuño, E. Fernández, A. Márquez, S. Gallego, C. Neipp, I. Pascual","doi":"10.1117/12.677014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.677014","url":null,"abstract":"The acrylamide photolymers are considered interesting materials for holographic media. They have high diffraction efficiency (ratio of the intensities of the diffracted and the incident beams), an intermediate energetic sensitivity among other materials and post-processing steps are not necessary, therefore the media is not altered. The layers of these materials, about 1 mm thick, are a suitable media for recording many diffraction gratings in the same volume of photopolymer using peristrophic multiplexing technique, with great practical importance in the field of holographic memories type WORM (write once read many). In this work we study the recording of diffraction gratings by peristrophic multiplexing with axis of rotation perpendicular to the recording media. The photopolymer is composed of acrylamide as the polymerizable monomer, triethanolamine as radical generator, yellowish eosin as sensitizer and a binder of polyvinyl alcohol. We analyze the holographic behaviour of the material during recording and reconstruction of diffraction gratings using a continuous Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) at an intensity of 5 mW/cm2 as recording laser. The response of the material is monitored after recording with an He-Ne laser. We study the recording process of unslanted diffraction gratings of 1125 lines/mm. The diffraction efficiency of each hologram is seen to decrease as the number of holograms recorded increases, due to consumption of the available dynamic range, in a constant exposure scheduling. It can be seen that the photopolymer works well with high energy levels, without excessive dispersion of light by noise gratings. In order to homogenize the diffraction efficiency of each hologram we use the method proposed by Pu. This method is designed to share all or part of the avaliable dynamic range of the recording material among the holograms to be multiplexed. Using exposure schedules derived from this method we have used 3 scheduling recordings from the algorithm used. Additionaly, we use an exponential scheduling recording in order to correct the exposure times from the first iteration of the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":266048,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Holography, Optical Recording, and Processing of Information","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128665224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ormachea, O. Romanov, A. Tolstik, J. L. Arce-Diego, D. Cubian, F. F. Velez
The schemes of degenerate and nondegenerate multiwave mixing in saturable absorbers (Rhodamine 6G and polymethine 3274 U dyes) exhibiting higher-order nonlinearities have been analyzed experimentally. The role of polarization gratings resultant from spatial modulation of the light field polarization state at the orthogonal polarization of the hologram recording waves has been established. Also, it has been found that polarization of the diffracted wave is dependent on the diffraction order. The frequency conversion of coherent images from infrared to the visible and between different wavelengths of the visible region has been realized experimentally.
{"title":"Formation of polarization dynamic holograms in saturable absorbers and frequency conversion of coherent images","authors":"O. Ormachea, O. Romanov, A. Tolstik, J. L. Arce-Diego, D. Cubian, F. F. Velez","doi":"10.1117/12.677299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.677299","url":null,"abstract":"The schemes of degenerate and nondegenerate multiwave mixing in saturable absorbers (Rhodamine 6G and polymethine 3274 U dyes) exhibiting higher-order nonlinearities have been analyzed experimentally. The role of polarization gratings resultant from spatial modulation of the light field polarization state at the orthogonal polarization of the hologram recording waves has been established. Also, it has been found that polarization of the diffracted wave is dependent on the diffraction order. The frequency conversion of coherent images from infrared to the visible and between different wavelengths of the visible region has been realized experimentally.","PeriodicalId":266048,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Holography, Optical Recording, and Processing of Information","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129023518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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