Pub Date : 2010-11-18DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638949
F. Boroomand, A. Fereidunian, M. Zamani, M. Amozegar, H. Jamalabadi, H. Nasrollahi, M. Moghimi, H. Lesani, C. Lucas
Power grid cyber security is turning into a vital concern, while we are moving from the traditional power grid toward modern Smart Grid (SG). To achieve the smart grid objectives, development of Information Technology (IT) infrastructure and computer based automation is necessary. This development makes the smart grid more prone to the cyber attacks. This paper presents a cyber security strategy for the smart grid based on Human Automation Interaction (HAI) theory and especially Adaptive Autonomy (AA) concept. We scheme an adaptive Level of Automation (LOA) for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. This level of automation will be adapted to some environmental conditions which are presented in this paper. The paper presents a brief background, methodology (methodology design), implementation and discussions.
{"title":"Cyber security for Smart Grid: A human-automation interaction framework","authors":"F. Boroomand, A. Fereidunian, M. Zamani, M. Amozegar, H. Jamalabadi, H. Nasrollahi, M. Moghimi, H. Lesani, C. Lucas","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638949","url":null,"abstract":"Power grid cyber security is turning into a vital concern, while we are moving from the traditional power grid toward modern Smart Grid (SG). To achieve the smart grid objectives, development of Information Technology (IT) infrastructure and computer based automation is necessary. This development makes the smart grid more prone to the cyber attacks. This paper presents a cyber security strategy for the smart grid based on Human Automation Interaction (HAI) theory and especially Adaptive Autonomy (AA) concept. We scheme an adaptive Level of Automation (LOA) for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. This level of automation will be adapted to some environmental conditions which are presented in this paper. The paper presents a brief background, methodology (methodology design), implementation and discussions.","PeriodicalId":267185,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128848897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-18DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638873
Marek Höger, P. Braciník, J. Altus, A. Otcenásová
This paper describes a new fault location method for medium voltage networks consisting of power distribution lines with tree topology. The method is based on the adaptation of triangulation principle. It uses the detection of undervoltage wave propagation as a source of information for fault location calculation. The paper gives short description of triangulation principle adaptation, needed input data as well as factors influencing calculation accuracy. Calculation algorithm is then described in more details and its principle is explained through simplified short example of fault location calculation. Proposed method utilizes Smart Grid concept, because its functionality depends on data exchange between measuring points placed in distribution power lines and control centre, where the fault location calculation is done.
{"title":"Fault location in medium voltage networks by the help of adapted triangulation principle","authors":"Marek Höger, P. Braciník, J. Altus, A. Otcenásová","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638873","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new fault location method for medium voltage networks consisting of power distribution lines with tree topology. The method is based on the adaptation of triangulation principle. It uses the detection of undervoltage wave propagation as a source of information for fault location calculation. The paper gives short description of triangulation principle adaptation, needed input data as well as factors influencing calculation accuracy. Calculation algorithm is then described in more details and its principle is explained through simplified short example of fault location calculation. Proposed method utilizes Smart Grid concept, because its functionality depends on data exchange between measuring points placed in distribution power lines and control centre, where the fault location calculation is done.","PeriodicalId":267185,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127542234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-18DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638976
Ying He, A. Nilsson, F. Carlsson
Mobile power equipment is an important measure to reduce customer outages. It enables power-uninterrupted repairs and maintenance. It can be added to the networks to quickly restore power service after fault occurrence and hence reduce power outage time. This paper presents the results of a project recently performed within the Smart Grids R&D program at the power company Vattenfall, in Sweden. The project analyzed, among other things, the effect of using mobile power equipment on power supply reliability based on the outage data and statistics from Vattenfall network company in Sweden. The results show that there is big potential in reducing outages and increasing reliability of power supply. By using mobile power equipment combined with LW (live working) methods, interruption-free work in both station environment and on power lines can be performed. This will potentially eliminate planned outages up to 90% and hence significantly improve the utility's power service reliability.
{"title":"Mobile power equipment: Its impact on power supply reliability","authors":"Ying He, A. Nilsson, F. Carlsson","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638976","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile power equipment is an important measure to reduce customer outages. It enables power-uninterrupted repairs and maintenance. It can be added to the networks to quickly restore power service after fault occurrence and hence reduce power outage time. This paper presents the results of a project recently performed within the Smart Grids R&D program at the power company Vattenfall, in Sweden. The project analyzed, among other things, the effect of using mobile power equipment on power supply reliability based on the outage data and statistics from Vattenfall network company in Sweden. The results show that there is big potential in reducing outages and increasing reliability of power supply. By using mobile power equipment combined with LW (live working) methods, interruption-free work in both station environment and on power lines can be performed. This will potentially eliminate planned outages up to 90% and hence significantly improve the utility's power service reliability.","PeriodicalId":267185,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121342044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-18DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638907
M. Wei, Zhe Chen
Since the renewable energy is popularly applied in power industry, especially the smart grid is fast developing all over the world during these years, the reliable connection between a wind farm and the main grid has been focused on. Due to the difficult control on the wind energy, the connection with the wind farm makes the grid more vulnerable. The communication technologies have been considered as a solution to solve the problems according to the IEC 61400–25 series protocols. This paper presents the significance of communication technologies in wind farm system by the simulations on some practical scenarios. By delivering the signals among WTs (wind turbines) and control centers, they both are able to recognize another side's operation situation and to adjust its own state to realize the optimization. A scenario is designed in this paper, in which a fault occurs in wind farm; then the protection performance are compared between with communication techniques and without communication technology. The characteristics of the communication network corresponding with the wind farm are previously illustrated by OPNET, and then the power system with wind farm is studied by EMTDC /PSCAD. The simulation results are analyzed to draw a conclusion.
{"title":"Intelligent control on wind farm","authors":"M. Wei, Zhe Chen","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638907","url":null,"abstract":"Since the renewable energy is popularly applied in power industry, especially the smart grid is fast developing all over the world during these years, the reliable connection between a wind farm and the main grid has been focused on. Due to the difficult control on the wind energy, the connection with the wind farm makes the grid more vulnerable. The communication technologies have been considered as a solution to solve the problems according to the IEC 61400–25 series protocols. This paper presents the significance of communication technologies in wind farm system by the simulations on some practical scenarios. By delivering the signals among WTs (wind turbines) and control centers, they both are able to recognize another side's operation situation and to adjust its own state to realize the optimization. A scenario is designed in this paper, in which a fault occurs in wind farm; then the protection performance are compared between with communication techniques and without communication technology. The characteristics of the communication network corresponding with the wind farm are previously illustrated by OPNET, and then the power system with wind farm is studied by EMTDC /PSCAD. The simulation results are analyzed to draw a conclusion.","PeriodicalId":267185,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126750684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-18DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638937
Yinguo Yang, Xiongping Yang, F. Qian, Li Li, Guobing Wu, Shunjiang Lin, Mingbo Liu
This paper analyzes the effect of ±800 kV Yun-Guang ultra HVDC transmission system, which operates respectively in the interconnection and island modes, on the voltage profile of the receiving-end Guangdong Power Grid during normal operation and after single-polar/bipolar blocked faults. Countermeasures are presented in terms of normal voltage control, coordination of three lines of defense and collocation of dynamic reactive-power compensation and so on. Also, some suggestions of reinforcing demand side management are proposed to solve the problem of under voltage load tripping (UVLT). This work is important for Guangdong Power Grid's receiving power from Yun-Guang ultra HVDC transmission system safely and the successful implementation of the Chinese west-to-east power transmission policy.
{"title":"Effect of ±800 kV Yun-Guang ultra HVDC transmission system on voltage profile in Guangdong Power Grid and corresponding enhancement measures","authors":"Yinguo Yang, Xiongping Yang, F. Qian, Li Li, Guobing Wu, Shunjiang Lin, Mingbo Liu","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638937","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the effect of ±800 kV Yun-Guang ultra HVDC transmission system, which operates respectively in the interconnection and island modes, on the voltage profile of the receiving-end Guangdong Power Grid during normal operation and after single-polar/bipolar blocked faults. Countermeasures are presented in terms of normal voltage control, coordination of three lines of defense and collocation of dynamic reactive-power compensation and so on. Also, some suggestions of reinforcing demand side management are proposed to solve the problem of under voltage load tripping (UVLT). This work is important for Guangdong Power Grid's receiving power from Yun-Guang ultra HVDC transmission system safely and the successful implementation of the Chinese west-to-east power transmission policy.","PeriodicalId":267185,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130851976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-18DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638965
F. Salha, F. Colas, X. Guillaud
The aim of this paper is to propose a protection strategy for the voltage generator based inverter against the large load currents. This strategy proposes an algorithm for generators output current limiting. It depends on decreasing the amplitude of the voltage reference in case of over current on generator output current. We aim to give the source a behavior similar to that of a voltage source in series with a virtual resistance. This resistance is activated only above a certain current threshold. Simulation results for the application of this strategy on resistive and resistive-inductive load will be demonstrated, in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed current limiting method was tested on high load current resulting from the asynchronous motor startup. The last part will discuss the implementation of this current limiting strategy on real time simulation environment RT-LAB. An experimentation using Power Hardware in the Loop and realtime simulation was realized to verify the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Virtual resistance principle for the overcurrent protection of PWM voltage source inverter","authors":"F. Salha, F. Colas, X. Guillaud","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638965","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to propose a protection strategy for the voltage generator based inverter against the large load currents. This strategy proposes an algorithm for generators output current limiting. It depends on decreasing the amplitude of the voltage reference in case of over current on generator output current. We aim to give the source a behavior similar to that of a voltage source in series with a virtual resistance. This resistance is activated only above a certain current threshold. Simulation results for the application of this strategy on resistive and resistive-inductive load will be demonstrated, in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed current limiting method was tested on high load current resulting from the asynchronous motor startup. The last part will discuss the implementation of this current limiting strategy on real time simulation environment RT-LAB. An experimentation using Power Hardware in the Loop and realtime simulation was realized to verify the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":267185,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130533331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-18DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638992
D. N. Sidorov, D. Panasetsky, V. Šmídl
This paper addresses early on-line detection of inter-area electro-mechanical oscillations in power systems using dynamic data such as currents, voltages and angle differences measured across transmission lines in real time. The main objective is to give the transmission operator qualitative information regarding stability margins. In our approach, the observed signal is modeled with the non-stationary second order autoregressive model. Bayesian estimation of the system is based on the forgetting approach. The stability margins are obtained as posterior probabilities that the poles of the estimated system are unstable. The approach is demonstrated on real retrospective data recorded in a 500 kV power grid and voltage data obtained by numerical simulations.
{"title":"Non-stationary autoregressive model for on-line detection of inter-area oscillations in power systems","authors":"D. N. Sidorov, D. Panasetsky, V. Šmídl","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638992","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses early on-line detection of inter-area electro-mechanical oscillations in power systems using dynamic data such as currents, voltages and angle differences measured across transmission lines in real time. The main objective is to give the transmission operator qualitative information regarding stability margins. In our approach, the observed signal is modeled with the non-stationary second order autoregressive model. Bayesian estimation of the system is based on the forgetting approach. The stability margins are obtained as posterior probabilities that the poles of the estimated system are unstable. The approach is demonstrated on real retrospective data recorded in a 500 kV power grid and voltage data obtained by numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":267185,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132163891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-18DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638905
S. Golestani, M. Tadayon, Ali M. Pirbazari
Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP) is an important part of power system planning in new structured power market. Its goal is to minimize the network construction and operational cost while satisfying the demand increase, considering technical and economic conditions. Since change in Unit Commitment (UC), influences transmission lines, this paper presents an Integer Coded Genetic Algorithm (ICGA) to solve both problems together. Genetic algorithm can consider all generation and network constraints. Also random behavior of genetic algorithm can simulate real probabilities such as uncertainty in generation. Considering uncertainty for some units, in each iteration, it can find out the probability of congestion for each line. After all iterations it can highlight the transmission lines which need expansion, because of high congestion probability. Simulation results of the proposed idea are presented for IEEE30-bus network.
{"title":"Transmission network expansion planning considering unit commitment problem simultaneously","authors":"S. Golestani, M. Tadayon, Ali M. Pirbazari","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638905","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP) is an important part of power system planning in new structured power market. Its goal is to minimize the network construction and operational cost while satisfying the demand increase, considering technical and economic conditions. Since change in Unit Commitment (UC), influences transmission lines, this paper presents an Integer Coded Genetic Algorithm (ICGA) to solve both problems together. Genetic algorithm can consider all generation and network constraints. Also random behavior of genetic algorithm can simulate real probabilities such as uncertainty in generation. Considering uncertainty for some units, in each iteration, it can find out the probability of congestion for each line. After all iterations it can highlight the transmission lines which need expansion, because of high congestion probability. Simulation results of the proposed idea are presented for IEEE30-bus network.","PeriodicalId":267185,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133750576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-18DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638858
J. Warrington, S. Mariéthoz, C. Jones, M. Morari
A predictive mechanism is proposed in order to reduce price volatility linked to large fluctuations from demand and renewable energy generation in competitive electricity markets. The market participants are modelled as price-elastic units, price-inelastic units, and storage operators. The distributed control algorithm determines prices over a time horizon through a negotiation procedure in order to maximize social welfare while satisfying network constraints. A simple flow allocation method is used to assign responsibility for constraint violations on the network to individual units and a control rule is then used to adjust nodal prices accordingly. Such a framework is appropriate for the inclusion of aggregated household appliances or other ‘virtual’ market participants realized through smart grid infrastructure. Results are examined in detail for a 4-bus network and then success is demonstrated for a densely-populated 39-bus network. Formal convergence requirements are given under a restricted subset of the demonstrated conditions. The scheme is shown to allow storage to reduce price volatility in the presence of fluctuating demand.
{"title":"Predictive power dispatch through negotiated locational pricing","authors":"J. Warrington, S. Mariéthoz, C. Jones, M. Morari","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638858","url":null,"abstract":"A predictive mechanism is proposed in order to reduce price volatility linked to large fluctuations from demand and renewable energy generation in competitive electricity markets. The market participants are modelled as price-elastic units, price-inelastic units, and storage operators. The distributed control algorithm determines prices over a time horizon through a negotiation procedure in order to maximize social welfare while satisfying network constraints. A simple flow allocation method is used to assign responsibility for constraint violations on the network to individual units and a control rule is then used to adjust nodal prices accordingly. Such a framework is appropriate for the inclusion of aggregated household appliances or other ‘virtual’ market participants realized through smart grid infrastructure. Results are examined in detail for a 4-bus network and then success is demonstrated for a densely-populated 39-bus network. Formal convergence requirements are given under a restricted subset of the demonstrated conditions. The scheme is shown to allow storage to reduce price volatility in the presence of fluctuating demand.","PeriodicalId":267185,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131652374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-18DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638888
P. Morshuis, Bruce S. Bernstein
This paper describes the first steps taken by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society in defining their contributions to the Smart Grid concept.
本文描述了IEEE电介质和电气绝缘学会在定义他们对智能电网概念的贡献方面所采取的第一步。
{"title":"IEEE DEIS and Smart Grid: How to fit in","authors":"P. Morshuis, Bruce S. Bernstein","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638888","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the first steps taken by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society in defining their contributions to the Smart Grid concept.","PeriodicalId":267185,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114063917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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