Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.028
Alexander M. Gilchrist, Daniel A. McNaughton, Mohamed Fares, Xin Wu, Bryson A. Hawkins, Stephen J. Butler, David E. Hibbs, Philip A. Gale
Synthetic anion transporters provide a promising avenue to treat diseases such as cystic fibrosis and cancer. Anion binding site preorganization is one aspect of transporter design that can be manipulated to enhance binding. Macrocycles possess preorganized binding cavities, enabling more selective and efficient anion binding and transport. In this study, we build on a macrocyclic tetralactam scaffold by preparing a series of fluorinated and non-fluorinated tetralactam anion transporters. Anion binding and transport assays were used to analyze the substituent effects on scaffold lipophilicity, selectivity, solubility, binding strength, and transport rates. The series was analyzed for the ability to bind and transport Cl− and F− anions across lipid bilayers. Some highly fluorinated tetralactams display extremely high levels of Cl− and F− transport activity, showing record activities in 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS) assays and a Eu(III) probe-based F− transport assay.
{"title":"Tetralactam-based anion transporters","authors":"Alexander M. Gilchrist, Daniel A. McNaughton, Mohamed Fares, Xin Wu, Bryson A. Hawkins, Stephen J. Butler, David E. Hibbs, Philip A. Gale","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic anion transporters provide a promising avenue to treat diseases such as cystic fibrosis and cancer. Anion binding site preorganization is one aspect of transporter design that can be manipulated to enhance binding. Macrocycles possess preorganized binding cavities, enabling more selective and efficient anion binding and transport. In this study, we build on a macrocyclic tetralactam scaffold by preparing a series of fluorinated and non-fluorinated tetralactam anion transporters. Anion binding and transport assays were used to analyze the substituent effects on scaffold lipophilicity, selectivity, solubility, binding strength, and transport rates. The series was analyzed for the ability to bind and transport Cl<sup>−</sup> and F<sup>−</sup> anions across lipid bilayers. Some highly fluorinated tetralactams display extremely high levels of Cl<sup>−</sup> and F<sup>−</sup> transport activity, showing record activities in 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS) assays and a Eu(III) probe-based F<sup>−</sup> transport assay.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.017
Jose M. Carceller, Bhumika Jayee, Claire G. Page, Daniel G. Oblinsky, Gustavo Mondragón-Solórzano, Nithin Chintala, Jingzhe Cao, Zayed Alassad, Zheyu Zhang, Nathaniel White, Danny J. Diaz, Andrew D. Ellington, Gregory D. Scholes, Sijia S. Dong, Todd K. Hyster
Photoenzymatic reactions involving flavin-dependent “ene”-reductases (EREDs) rely on protein-templated charge transfer (CT) complexes between the cofactor and substrate for radical initiation. These complexes typically absorb in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we engineered an ERED to form CT complexes that absorb red light. Mechanistic studies indicate that red-light activity is due to the growth of a red-absorbing shoulder off the previously identified cyan absorption feature. Molecular dynamics simulations, docking, and excited-state calculations suggest that the cyan feature involves a π→π∗ transition on flavin, whereas the red-light absorption is a π→π∗ transition between flavin and the substrate. Differences in the electronic transition are due to changes in the substrate-binding conformation and allosteric tuning of the electronic structure of the cofactor-substrate complex. Microenvironment tuning of the CT complex for red-light activity is observed with other engineered photoenzymatic reactions, highlighting this effect’s generality.
{"title":"Engineering a photoenzyme to use red light","authors":"Jose M. Carceller, Bhumika Jayee, Claire G. Page, Daniel G. Oblinsky, Gustavo Mondragón-Solórzano, Nithin Chintala, Jingzhe Cao, Zayed Alassad, Zheyu Zhang, Nathaniel White, Danny J. Diaz, Andrew D. Ellington, Gregory D. Scholes, Sijia S. Dong, Todd K. Hyster","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"Photoenzymatic reactions involving flavin-dependent “ene”-reductases (EREDs) rely on protein-templated charge transfer (CT) complexes between the cofactor and substrate for radical initiation. These complexes typically absorb in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we engineered an ERED to form CT complexes that absorb red light. Mechanistic studies indicate that red-light activity is due to the growth of a red-absorbing shoulder off the previously identified cyan absorption feature. Molecular dynamics simulations, docking, and excited-state calculations suggest that the cyan feature involves a π→π∗ transition on flavin, whereas the red-light absorption is a π→π∗ transition between flavin and the substrate. Differences in the electronic transition are due to changes in the substrate-binding conformation and allosteric tuning of the electronic structure of the cofactor-substrate complex. Microenvironment tuning of the CT complex for red-light activity is observed with other engineered photoenzymatic reactions, highlighting this effect’s generality.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.020
Aramballi J. Savyasachi, Oxana Kotova, Ena T. Luis, Amy D. Lynes, Shaun Mills, Sandra A. Bright, Gavin J. McManus, Matthias E. Möbius, D. Clive Williams, Robert Pal, John J. Boland, Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
Small structural changes to benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) dictate its self-assembly behavior and morphological outcome. Functionalization with an α-amino acid close to the BTA core, which also possesses a terminal terpyridine (tpy) unit, led to a robust gel in the case of glycine, whereas monodisperse, solid microspheres formed in the case of alanine, phenylalanine, and leucine. The self-assembly pathways of the chiral and achiral BTAs are orthogonal and both microspheres and gel fibers independently assemble in the same medium. Further hierarchical self-assembly results upon addition of lanthanide ions (i.e., Eu(III) and Tb(III) that emit at long wavelengths with long excited-state lifetimes) that crosslink the microspheres through coordination, whereas coordination within the gel led to a change in morphology toward microspheres, as well as the formation of hierarchical superstructures. The chirality of the BTA influences helicity of the assembly and the resulting enantiomeric conformation around the lanthanides, evidenced by circularly polarized luminescence.
{"title":"Exerting control of self-assembly pathways via morphological switching and patterning in amino-acid-based benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide conjugates","authors":"Aramballi J. Savyasachi, Oxana Kotova, Ena T. Luis, Amy D. Lynes, Shaun Mills, Sandra A. Bright, Gavin J. McManus, Matthias E. Möbius, D. Clive Williams, Robert Pal, John J. Boland, Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"Small structural changes to benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) dictate its self-assembly behavior and morphological outcome. Functionalization with an α-amino acid close to the BTA core, which also possesses a terminal terpyridine (tpy) unit, led to a robust gel in the case of glycine, whereas monodisperse, solid microspheres formed in the case of alanine, phenylalanine, and leucine. The self-assembly pathways of the chiral and achiral BTAs are orthogonal and both microspheres and gel fibers independently assemble in the same medium. Further hierarchical self-assembly results upon addition of lanthanide ions (i.e., Eu(III) and Tb(III) that emit at long wavelengths with long excited-state lifetimes) that crosslink the microspheres through coordination, whereas coordination within the gel led to a change in morphology toward microspheres, as well as the formation of hierarchical superstructures. The chirality of the BTA influences helicity of the assembly and the resulting enantiomeric conformation around the lanthanides, evidenced by circularly polarized luminescence.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.016
Eugene Yew Kun Tan, Alireza Dehdari, Amirah S. Mat Lani, Derek A. Pratt, Shunsuke Chiba
Dearomatization of two-dimensional planar aromatic feedstocks is an attractive strategy for the introduction of three-dimensional vectors into chemical scaffolds to expand chemical space for drug discovery. Here, we demonstrate the dearomative dimerization and skeletal rearrangement of quinolines under polysulfide anion photocatalysis, in which the additive dictates the reaction courses. In the presence of formate, dearomative dimerization of quinolines is followed by cyclization to form an sp3-rich polyheterocyclic hybrid of a 2,5-methanobenzo[b]azepine and a tetrahydroquinoline in a net-reductive manner. On the other hand, in the presence of triethylamine instead of formate, sequential dimerization and skeletal rearrangement occurs to afford 4-(3-indolylmethyl)quinolines in a redox-neutral manner. These observations enabled the design of a net-reductive skeletal rearrangement of 4-arylquinolines to 3-(arylmethyl)indoles. Detailed mechanistic investigations revealed that this umpolung transformation from electron-deficient quinolines to electron-rich indoles is mediated via a 1,2-aryl migration/ring-contraction sequence, as opposed to the more commonly invoked neophyl-like rearrangement.
{"title":"Dearomative dimerization of quinolines and their skeletal rearrangement to indoles triggered by single-electron transfer","authors":"Eugene Yew Kun Tan, Alireza Dehdari, Amirah S. Mat Lani, Derek A. Pratt, Shunsuke Chiba","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"Dearomatization of two-dimensional planar aromatic feedstocks is an attractive strategy for the introduction of three-dimensional vectors into chemical scaffolds to expand chemical space for drug discovery. Here, we demonstrate the dearomative dimerization and skeletal rearrangement of quinolines under polysulfide anion photocatalysis, in which the additive dictates the reaction courses. In the presence of formate, dearomative dimerization of quinolines is followed by cyclization to form an sp<sup>3</sup>-rich polyheterocyclic hybrid of a 2,5-methanobenzo[<em>b</em>]azepine and a tetrahydroquinoline in a net-reductive manner. On the other hand, in the presence of triethylamine instead of formate, sequential dimerization and skeletal rearrangement occurs to afford 4-(3-indolylmethyl)quinolines in a redox-neutral manner. These observations enabled the design of a net-reductive skeletal rearrangement of 4-arylquinolines to 3-(arylmethyl)indoles. Detailed mechanistic investigations revealed that this umpolung transformation from electron-deficient quinolines to electron-rich indoles is mediated via a 1,2-aryl migration/ring-contraction sequence, as opposed to the more commonly invoked neophyl-like rearrangement.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.002
Manjur O. Akram, Caleb D. Martin
In this issue of Chem, Kinjo and Feng report the synthesis of a cyclotriborate trianion (B3R63−), a highly charged boron ring system with discrete two-center two-electron bonds. With three contiguous borates, the B33− core of the feature compound defies Coulomb’s law and represents the first homocyclic boron analog of the ubiquitous cyclopropane. The remarkable stability enabled full characterization and opens new vistas in the field of multiply charged boron ions.
{"title":"The cyclotriborate trianion","authors":"Manjur O. Akram, Caleb D. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"In this issue of <em>Chem</em>, Kinjo and Feng report the synthesis of a cyclotriborate trianion (B<sub>3</sub>R<sub>6</sub><sup>3−</sup>), a highly charged boron ring system with discrete two-center two-electron bonds. With three contiguous borates, the B<sub>3</sub><sup>3−</sup> core of the feature compound defies Coulomb’s law and represents the first homocyclic boron analog of the ubiquitous cyclopropane. The remarkable stability enabled full characterization and opens new vistas in the field of multiply charged boron ions.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.015
Federico Villalobos, Jan Berger, Adam Matěj, Reed Nieman, Ana Sánchez-Grande, Diego Soler, Andrés Pinar Solé, Hans Lischka, Mikuláš Matoušek, Jiri Brabec, Libor Veis, Alba Millan, Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez, Araceli G. Campaña, Juan M. Cuerva, Pavel Jelínek
Molecular π-magnets based on single organic molecules have attracted increasing attention for their potential applications in optoelectronics and spintronics. Global aromaticity in conjugated macrocyclic polyradicaloids is still an open question that has only been tackled in molecules with an even number of electrons. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of a cyclopenta-ring-fused oligo(m-phenylene) macrocycle, 9MC, with an odd number of electrons. The generated polyradicaloid undergoes a surface-induced distortion to a D3h symmetry with a fully delocalized doublet ground state. Interestingly, 9MC exhibits two aromatic annulene-within-an-annulene (AWA) ring currents in the inner and outer rings.
{"title":"Globally aromatic odd-electron π-magnetic macrocycle","authors":"Federico Villalobos, Jan Berger, Adam Matěj, Reed Nieman, Ana Sánchez-Grande, Diego Soler, Andrés Pinar Solé, Hans Lischka, Mikuláš Matoušek, Jiri Brabec, Libor Veis, Alba Millan, Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez, Araceli G. Campaña, Juan M. Cuerva, Pavel Jelínek","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular π-magnets based on single organic molecules have attracted increasing attention for their potential applications in optoelectronics and spintronics. Global aromaticity in conjugated macrocyclic polyradicaloids is still an open question that has only been tackled in molecules with an even number of electrons. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of a cyclopenta-ring-fused oligo(<em>m</em>-phenylene) macrocycle, <strong>9MC</strong>, with an odd number of electrons. The generated polyradicaloid undergoes a surface-induced distortion to a <em>D</em><sub><em>3</em>h</sub> symmetry with a fully delocalized doublet ground state. Interestingly, <strong>9MC</strong> exhibits two aromatic annulene-within-an-annulene (AWA) ring currents in the inner and outer rings.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.013
Zhuo Huang , Xinxing Zhang
Organic cages, featuring the selective stimuli response and reversible encapsulation of guest molecules, demonstrate a huge potential in guest-triggered actuation. In this issue of Chem, Khashab and co-workers exploited host-guest recognition of organic urea cages with three-dimensional structures to integrate multiple mechanical actuations into a single material for the first time.
{"title":"Stimuli-responsive actuation enabled by selective host-guest recognition of urea cage","authors":"Zhuo Huang , Xinxing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic cages, featuring the selective stimuli response and reversible encapsulation of guest molecules, demonstrate a huge potential in guest-triggered actuation. In this issue of <em>Chem</em>, Khashab and co-workers exploited host-guest recognition of organic urea cages with three-dimensional structures to integrate multiple mechanical actuations into a single material for the first time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 2943-2945"},"PeriodicalIF":19.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142398308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.014
Nicholas D. Chiappini
In this issue of Chem, Li and Rawal present an exciting new application of Ar3BiCl2 as convenient reagents for arylative difunctionalization of alkenes using visible or near-visible light. Unburdened by air and moisture sensitivity, the method affords rapid and facile azido-, cyano-, and chloro-arylation of a bevy of functionalized alkenes.
{"title":"Arylative difunctionalization of olefins using easily accessed organobismuth (V) reagents","authors":"Nicholas D. Chiappini","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this issue of <em>Chem</em>, Li and Rawal present an exciting new application of Ar<sub>3</sub>BiCl<sub>2</sub> as convenient reagents for arylative difunctionalization of alkenes using visible or near-visible light. Unburdened by air and moisture sensitivity, the method affords rapid and facile azido-, cyano-, and chloro-arylation of a bevy of functionalized alkenes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 2945-2947"},"PeriodicalIF":19.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142398309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.07.031
Stefan Ilic , Sydney N. Lavan , Justin G. Connell
Enabling new electrochemical technologies requires systems that can operate under ever-more demanding conditions, and progress in energy storage applications reveals tantalizing opportunities to reimagine electrolyte design for performance at extreme potentials. A common thread among these innovations is the formation of significant populations of contact ion pairs (CIPs) in the electrolyte, regardless of the specific cation chemistry or solvent system. The examples summarized in this review suggest that a set of general electrolyte design rules likely exists, where the purposeful selection of anion chemistry can yield CIP structures with tunable control over reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, and interphase chemistry. Identifying the relevant descriptors for high-performance, anion-derived CIP structures can be achieved utilizing a combined experimental and computational approach, aided by machine learning and artificial intelligence, to more rapidly survey the vast combinatorial space available and to enable a new generation of electrolytes for decarbonized electrochemical processes at scale.
{"title":"Anion-derived contact ion pairing as a unifying principle for electrolyte design","authors":"Stefan Ilic , Sydney N. Lavan , Justin G. Connell","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.07.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.07.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enabling new electrochemical technologies requires systems that can operate under ever-more demanding conditions, and progress in energy storage applications reveals tantalizing opportunities to reimagine electrolyte design for performance at extreme potentials. A common thread among these innovations is the formation of significant populations of contact ion pairs (CIPs) in the electrolyte, regardless of the specific cation chemistry or solvent system. The examples summarized in this review suggest that a set of general electrolyte design rules likely exists, where the purposeful selection of <em>anion</em> chemistry can yield CIP structures with tunable control over reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, and interphase chemistry. Identifying the relevant descriptors for high-performance, anion-derived CIP structures can be achieved utilizing a combined experimental and computational approach, aided by machine learning and artificial intelligence, to more rapidly survey the vast combinatorial space available and to enable a new generation of electrolytes for decarbonized electrochemical processes at scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 2987-3007"},"PeriodicalIF":19.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.05.012
Mechanical force drives distinct chemical reactions; yet, its vectoral nature results in complicated coupling with reaction trajectories. Here, we utilize a physical organic model inspired by the classical Morse potential and its differential forms to identify effective force constant (keff) and reaction energy (ΔE) as key molecular features that govern mechanochemical kinetics. Through a comprehensive experimental and computational investigation with four norborn-2-en-7-one (NEO) mechanophores, we establish the relationship between these features and the force-dependent energetic changes along the reaction pathways. We show that the complex kinetic behavior of the tensioned bonds is generally and quantitatively predicted by a simple multivariate linear regression based on the two easily computed features with a straightforward workflow. These results demonstrate a general mechanistic framework for mechanochemical reactions under tensile force and provide a highly accessible tool for the large-scale computational screening in the design of mechanophores.
{"title":"The tension-activated carbon–carbon bond","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chempr.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical force drives distinct chemical reactions; yet, its vectoral nature results in complicated coupling with reaction trajectories. Here, we utilize a physical organic model inspired by the classical Morse potential and its differential forms to identify effective force constant (<em>k</em><sub>eff</sub>) and reaction energy (Δ<em>E</em>) as key molecular features that govern mechanochemical kinetics. Through a comprehensive experimental and computational investigation with four norborn-2-en-7-one (NEO) mechanophores, we establish the relationship between these features and the force-dependent energetic changes along the reaction pathways. We show that the complex kinetic behavior of the tensioned bonds is generally and quantitatively predicted by a simple multivariate linear regression based on the two easily computed features with a straightforward workflow. These results demonstrate a general mechanistic framework for mechanochemical reactions under tensile force and provide a highly accessible tool for the large-scale computational screening in the design of mechanophores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"10 10","pages":"Pages 3055-3066"},"PeriodicalIF":19.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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