Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016973
T. Sarala, S. Ashwini, B. Chatterjee, P. Sharma, K. Pravallika, Saddam Ali
The microwave tubes are electron guns for generating linear beam tubes. There are different kinds of tubes like conventional tubes, microwave tubes and so on. But, the drawbacks of conventional tubes are that they are limited to frequencies below 1GHz while the microwave tubes can be used for higher frequencies as well. There are different microwave tubes like Klystron, magnetron and travelling wave tube. Hence, we make use of S-band cavity Klystron as it is simple to design as compared to other tubes power. The Klystron tube which takes AC input and gives RF output is widely used as communication equipment and radar system. The high-frequency applications above 1 GHz, the inter-electrode capacitances and transit-time delays of standard electron tube structure become exorbitant. However, there are so many creative ways in which tubes may be fabricated, and several high-frequency electron tube designs have been made to overcome these encounters. Klystron microwave tube is used as an amplifier for the generation of 1MW RF peak power because of its simple design and linear beam tube. The advantage of using Klystron tube is it can be operated at higher frequencies and there is no mutual coupling between the cavities of the tube.
{"title":"Generation of 1 Megawatt RF Peak Power in S-Band Using Klystron","authors":"T. Sarala, S. Ashwini, B. Chatterjee, P. Sharma, K. Pravallika, Saddam Ali","doi":"10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016973","url":null,"abstract":"The microwave tubes are electron guns for generating linear beam tubes. There are different kinds of tubes like conventional tubes, microwave tubes and so on. But, the drawbacks of conventional tubes are that they are limited to frequencies below 1GHz while the microwave tubes can be used for higher frequencies as well. There are different microwave tubes like Klystron, magnetron and travelling wave tube. Hence, we make use of S-band cavity Klystron as it is simple to design as compared to other tubes power. The Klystron tube which takes AC input and gives RF output is widely used as communication equipment and radar system. The high-frequency applications above 1 GHz, the inter-electrode capacitances and transit-time delays of standard electron tube structure become exorbitant. However, there are so many creative ways in which tubes may be fabricated, and several high-frequency electron tube designs have been made to overcome these encounters. Klystron microwave tube is used as an amplifier for the generation of 1MW RF peak power because of its simple design and linear beam tube. The advantage of using Klystron tube is it can be operated at higher frequencies and there is no mutual coupling between the cavities of the tube.","PeriodicalId":269385,"journal":{"name":"2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131738167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016792
A. Dixit, Parimala Prabhakar
Diabetic Retinopathy is a major disorder caused in diabetic patients which affects the patient's eye, that, when left untreated could lead to permanent blindness. Detecting Hard exudates help the Ophthalmologist to diagnose the severity of the patient's condition and in turn help in better medication. Irregularly illuminated Fundus images are of great concern as they hinder the process of detecting the hard exudates. Existing Contrast adjustment methods not only increase the contrast of the irregularities of the fundus images, but also make it hard to distinguishing between hard exudates from noise created due to irregularities of illumination. This paper presents a novel method that adjusts the contrast of the image linearly, which in turn, helps detect the hard exudates.
{"title":"Hard exudate detection using Linear Brightness method","authors":"A. Dixit, Parimala Prabhakar","doi":"10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016792","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic Retinopathy is a major disorder caused in diabetic patients which affects the patient's eye, that, when left untreated could lead to permanent blindness. Detecting Hard exudates help the Ophthalmologist to diagnose the severity of the patient's condition and in turn help in better medication. Irregularly illuminated Fundus images are of great concern as they hinder the process of detecting the hard exudates. Existing Contrast adjustment methods not only increase the contrast of the irregularities of the fundus images, but also make it hard to distinguishing between hard exudates from noise created due to irregularities of illumination. This paper presents a novel method that adjusts the contrast of the image linearly, which in turn, helps detect the hard exudates.","PeriodicalId":269385,"journal":{"name":"2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131285824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016895
M. Gayatri, V. Mahesh, A. M. Parimi
Multi Microgrid (MMG) generally constitutes two or more microgrids (MGs), connected together. The MGs in turn incudes renewable energy resources. The variable and nonlinear loads connected to the MMG, when connected MMG has been subjected to many power quality issues that are based on current such as unbalance, neutral currents and harmonics. An Active Custom Power Conditioner (ACPC) provides a solution to all these concerned problems. The ACPC in addition to neutral and unbalance compensation provides harmonic mitigation. This is achieved by adapting active power filtering with proposed control technique. A novel control technique based on 1-phase PQ theory is proposed to improve its performance in providing harmonic compensation and compared with conventional control techniques like UVTG, 3-phase PQ theory with varying load conditions in the MMG.
{"title":"Multi Microgrid Current Quality Conditioning using Active Custom Power Conditioner","authors":"M. Gayatri, V. Mahesh, A. M. Parimi","doi":"10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016895","url":null,"abstract":"Multi Microgrid (MMG) generally constitutes two or more microgrids (MGs), connected together. The MGs in turn incudes renewable energy resources. The variable and nonlinear loads connected to the MMG, when connected MMG has been subjected to many power quality issues that are based on current such as unbalance, neutral currents and harmonics. An Active Custom Power Conditioner (ACPC) provides a solution to all these concerned problems. The ACPC in addition to neutral and unbalance compensation provides harmonic mitigation. This is achieved by adapting active power filtering with proposed control technique. A novel control technique based on 1-phase PQ theory is proposed to improve its performance in providing harmonic compensation and compared with conventional control techniques like UVTG, 3-phase PQ theory with varying load conditions in the MMG.","PeriodicalId":269385,"journal":{"name":"2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT)","volume":"27 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131843703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016689
Priyanshi Gupta, N. P. Singh, G. Srinivasan
AUTOSAR consortium had developed a worldwide standard software in the automotive domain, it was basically developed for the single core electronic control units (ECUs). As the demand for computational power is increasing rapidly in the automotive domain to provide a better driving experience, automotive industries are moving towards multicore ECUs. These multicore ECUs provides the higher levels of parallelism by integrating many single-core applications in single multi-core ECU in respect of safety requirement International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26262. However, there are several challenges when integrating applications to the multicore platform in reaching a highly efficient and predictable design of AUTOSAR based ECU. In this paper, a solution framework is suggested for integrating applications to multicore platform comprising a mapping of runnables, tasks, and applications to the cores. The main goal of the paper is to minimize overall communication cost between the runnables providing the same data flow as in single core ECU and to provide efficient processor utilization. Our results clearly demonstrate a high efficient solution in terms of both communication cost and efficient processor utilization. The experimental results were performed on a multicore microcontroller which is manufactured by NXP semiconductors.
{"title":"A Framework for Real-time Automotive Applications to Multicore Platform in Perspective of AUTOSAR","authors":"Priyanshi Gupta, N. P. Singh, G. Srinivasan","doi":"10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016689","url":null,"abstract":"AUTOSAR consortium had developed a worldwide standard software in the automotive domain, it was basically developed for the single core electronic control units (ECUs). As the demand for computational power is increasing rapidly in the automotive domain to provide a better driving experience, automotive industries are moving towards multicore ECUs. These multicore ECUs provides the higher levels of parallelism by integrating many single-core applications in single multi-core ECU in respect of safety requirement International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26262. However, there are several challenges when integrating applications to the multicore platform in reaching a highly efficient and predictable design of AUTOSAR based ECU. In this paper, a solution framework is suggested for integrating applications to multicore platform comprising a mapping of runnables, tasks, and applications to the cores. The main goal of the paper is to minimize overall communication cost between the runnables providing the same data flow as in single core ECU and to provide efficient processor utilization. Our results clearly demonstrate a high efficient solution in terms of both communication cost and efficient processor utilization. The experimental results were performed on a multicore microcontroller which is manufactured by NXP semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":269385,"journal":{"name":"2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114834204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016766
J. Kulandai Josephine Julina, T. Sharmila
Emotions are found using verbal and non-verbal cues by analyzing voices and facial expressions. Monitoring emotional patterns of human is gaining importance in predicting the mood of a person. Facial emotion recognition is the process of detecting and recognizing different types of emotions in humans using facial expressions. The various steps include detection of the face and its landmarks, feature extraction of facial landmarks, and emotional state classification. The Haar cascading approach is used to detect different facial components such as eyes, mouth, and nose in an image. Facial features are analyzed using Histogram of Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP). The resultant feature vector is formed from the feature points. The three emotional states namely happy, sad and angry are classified using neural network classifier. The new feature points of test data are compared against trained data and their corresponding label values are displayed as the output for emotion recognition with the accuracy of 87% and 64% is being achieved using HOG and LBP techniques.
{"title":"Facial Emotion Recognition in Videos using HOG and LBP","authors":"J. Kulandai Josephine Julina, T. Sharmila","doi":"10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016766","url":null,"abstract":"Emotions are found using verbal and non-verbal cues by analyzing voices and facial expressions. Monitoring emotional patterns of human is gaining importance in predicting the mood of a person. Facial emotion recognition is the process of detecting and recognizing different types of emotions in humans using facial expressions. The various steps include detection of the face and its landmarks, feature extraction of facial landmarks, and emotional state classification. The Haar cascading approach is used to detect different facial components such as eyes, mouth, and nose in an image. Facial features are analyzed using Histogram of Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP). The resultant feature vector is formed from the feature points. The three emotional states namely happy, sad and angry are classified using neural network classifier. The new feature points of test data are compared against trained data and their corresponding label values are displayed as the output for emotion recognition with the accuracy of 87% and 64% is being achieved using HOG and LBP techniques.","PeriodicalId":269385,"journal":{"name":"2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121936979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016692
Maruti Kishanrao Waghmare, S.V. Patil
This paper present simulation model in MATLAB and Hardware of PMSM Drive using ATmega 328 controller & SPWM technique. A Inverter fed converter of a PMSM drive execute using this simulation model and Hardware. Now a days in many electrical application a Brushless Dc Motor (BLDC) & DC motor being used. But in recent time PMSM become the best alternative to the convectional motor as well as BLDC motor. It has low cost, high efficiency, variable speed is very high & power density is high. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is used in industrial application, automation, aerospace, & traction industries because of its high torque. PMSM carry only magnet i.e. permanent magnet on rotor side. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique is used to control speed of PMSM.
{"title":"Speed Control Strategy of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Using SPWM Technique","authors":"Maruti Kishanrao Waghmare, S.V. Patil","doi":"10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016692","url":null,"abstract":"This paper present simulation model in MATLAB and Hardware of PMSM Drive using ATmega 328 controller & SPWM technique. A Inverter fed converter of a PMSM drive execute using this simulation model and Hardware. Now a days in many electrical application a Brushless Dc Motor (BLDC) & DC motor being used. But in recent time PMSM become the best alternative to the convectional motor as well as BLDC motor. It has low cost, high efficiency, variable speed is very high & power density is high. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is used in industrial application, automation, aerospace, & traction industries because of its high torque. PMSM carry only magnet i.e. permanent magnet on rotor side. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique is used to control speed of PMSM.","PeriodicalId":269385,"journal":{"name":"2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129407976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016962
B. S. Durgakeri, G. Chiranjeevi
Image Processing is used to modify pictures to improve their quality and extract structured information. The need to process them in real time has lead to implement them in hardware. To implement image processing algorithms using high level languages requires thousands of lines of code which is inefficient as it takes more time. Alternate solution is using Xilinx System Generator, which is a modeling tool where design is captured by using xilinx blockset from library environment. The main advantage of system generator is Xilinx blocksets provide close integration with MATLAB Simulink that helps in co-simulating FPGA module with pixel vector provided by MATLAB Simulink blocks. The image analysis plays an important role in medical imaging. This paper provides image analysis of a CT scan image. The algorithms are performed on an image to extract significant features such as image enhancement, contrast stretching, negative of image, image segmentation and detecting the edges for a CT scan image. The area and power parameters are evaluated using reconfigurable platform -Artix-7 FPGA.
图像处理是对图像进行修改，提高图像质量，提取结构化信息。由于需要实时处理它们，因此需要在硬件中实现它们。使用高级语言实现图像处理算法需要数千行代码，这是低效的，因为它需要更多的时间。另一种解决方案是使用Xilinx System Generator，这是一个建模工具，通过使用库环境中的Xilinx块集来捕获设计。系统生成器的主要优点是Xilinx块集与MATLAB Simulink紧密集成，有助于FPGA模块与MATLAB Simulink块提供的像素向量进行协同仿真。图像分析在医学成像中占有重要地位。本文对CT扫描图像进行了图像分析。该算法用于提取CT扫描图像的重要特征，如图像增强、对比度拉伸、图像负向、图像分割和边缘检测。采用可重构平台artix -7 FPGA对面积和功耗参数进行了评估。
{"title":"Implementing Image Processing Algorithms using Xilinx System Generator with Real Time Constraints","authors":"B. S. Durgakeri, G. Chiranjeevi","doi":"10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016962","url":null,"abstract":"Image Processing is used to modify pictures to improve their quality and extract structured information. The need to process them in real time has lead to implement them in hardware. To implement image processing algorithms using high level languages requires thousands of lines of code which is inefficient as it takes more time. Alternate solution is using Xilinx System Generator, which is a modeling tool where design is captured by using xilinx blockset from library environment. The main advantage of system generator is Xilinx blocksets provide close integration with MATLAB Simulink that helps in co-simulating FPGA module with pixel vector provided by MATLAB Simulink blocks. The image analysis plays an important role in medical imaging. This paper provides image analysis of a CT scan image. The algorithms are performed on an image to extract significant features such as image enhancement, contrast stretching, negative of image, image segmentation and detecting the edges for a CT scan image. The area and power parameters are evaluated using reconfigurable platform -Artix-7 FPGA.","PeriodicalId":269385,"journal":{"name":"2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127289476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016969
Shivani Madkaikar, Milind Fernandes
The paper presents a Bluetooth rectangular patch antenna for IoT application, that works at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The designed antenna is very compact with a directional radiation pattern and a high gain at the same time ensuring that the back lobe is kept the minimum. The antenna is inset fed and rectangular slots are cut out in the patch to obtain a reduced back lobe. The simulated antenna gain was observed to be 4.3 dB with a return loss of about −34.04 dB at 2.43 GHz. The fabricated antenna gave a return loss of −33 dB at 2.43 GHz. The average of the front side RSSI values was −63.45 dBm and that of the back side was −73.56dBm, giving a 10 dBm difference in front to back RSSI values.
{"title":"Rectangular Bluetooth Patch Antenna with Reduced Back Lobe","authors":"Shivani Madkaikar, Milind Fernandes","doi":"10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016969","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a Bluetooth rectangular patch antenna for IoT application, that works at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The designed antenna is very compact with a directional radiation pattern and a high gain at the same time ensuring that the back lobe is kept the minimum. The antenna is inset fed and rectangular slots are cut out in the patch to obtain a reduced back lobe. The simulated antenna gain was observed to be 4.3 dB with a return loss of about −34.04 dB at 2.43 GHz. The fabricated antenna gave a return loss of −33 dB at 2.43 GHz. The average of the front side RSSI values was −63.45 dBm and that of the back side was −73.56dBm, giving a 10 dBm difference in front to back RSSI values.","PeriodicalId":269385,"journal":{"name":"2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127255871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016842
N. Nataraja, P. Rajendra Prasad, S. Joseph, U. Shiva Kumar, P. Swathi, S. Thanusha
In India, most of the commercial transport is being carried out by the railways. Comparing with other means of transportation system, the railways has greater benefits as it is a mass transportation medium which carry heavy loads to long distances. The advancement in railway transportation led to automation, like driverless trains. This proposed model describes an automatic train which moves between stations without human intervention. The sensors are used for track and crack detection on the railway lanes. If any cracks are detected in the railway lanes, the automatic braking is provided to the train and hence the information is conveyed to the nearby station with the help of the LI-FI (Light Fidelity) communication. The automatic stopping of the train at stations is provided using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). The doors are opened and closed at stations automatically. The passengers count is taken at the doors while entering into the train. The threshold value is fixed and once this number is reached the doors will close automatically by displaying the information on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The locomotion of the train is provided using piezo-plates placed on the floor of the train and the generation of the power is through the pressure exerted by passengers.
{"title":"Design of Driverless Train using Li-Fi Communication","authors":"N. Nataraja, P. Rajendra Prasad, S. Joseph, U. Shiva Kumar, P. Swathi, S. Thanusha","doi":"10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016842","url":null,"abstract":"In India, most of the commercial transport is being carried out by the railways. Comparing with other means of transportation system, the railways has greater benefits as it is a mass transportation medium which carry heavy loads to long distances. The advancement in railway transportation led to automation, like driverless trains. This proposed model describes an automatic train which moves between stations without human intervention. The sensors are used for track and crack detection on the railway lanes. If any cracks are detected in the railway lanes, the automatic braking is provided to the train and hence the information is conveyed to the nearby station with the help of the LI-FI (Light Fidelity) communication. The automatic stopping of the train at stations is provided using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). The doors are opened and closed at stations automatically. The passengers count is taken at the doors while entering into the train. The threshold value is fixed and once this number is reached the doors will close automatically by displaying the information on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The locomotion of the train is provided using piezo-plates placed on the floor of the train and the generation of the power is through the pressure exerted by passengers.","PeriodicalId":269385,"journal":{"name":"2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130529758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016892
Asheesh Dhaneria, Hardik Khambhadiya
Solar inverter is a power electronics based converter which acts as interfacing media between solar PV panels and utility grid. IEEE 1547 has imposed limit on the magnitude of current harmonics around the inverter switching frequency. This limit necessitates the use of AC side filter at the output of the grid connected solar inverter, for connection with grid. This filter reduces the harmonic content in grid current so as to inject pure sinusoidal waveform into the grid. The filter should be so designed that it provides sufficient attenuation for the switching frequency harmonics but at the same time should allow a low impedance path for the fundamental component. Moreover the system size / volume must not increase significantly with the addition of filter. The AC side filter design needs the trade-off when considering the efficiency / switching loss and fundamental voltage drop. In this paper control theory modelling of LCL type filter is developed. Comparison of LCL filter with other filter topologies is carried out with respect to the control theory parameters like Bode plot. Detailed calculation of LCL filter for single phase grid connected solar inverter is also elaborated.
{"title":"Design of AC side filter for Grid Tied Solar Inverter","authors":"Asheesh Dhaneria, Hardik Khambhadiya","doi":"10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT46194.2019.9016892","url":null,"abstract":"Solar inverter is a power electronics based converter which acts as interfacing media between solar PV panels and utility grid. IEEE 1547 has imposed limit on the magnitude of current harmonics around the inverter switching frequency. This limit necessitates the use of AC side filter at the output of the grid connected solar inverter, for connection with grid. This filter reduces the harmonic content in grid current so as to inject pure sinusoidal waveform into the grid. The filter should be so designed that it provides sufficient attenuation for the switching frequency harmonics but at the same time should allow a low impedance path for the fundamental component. Moreover the system size / volume must not increase significantly with the addition of filter. The AC side filter design needs the trade-off when considering the efficiency / switching loss and fundamental voltage drop. In this paper control theory modelling of LCL type filter is developed. Comparison of LCL filter with other filter topologies is carried out with respect to the control theory parameters like Bode plot. Detailed calculation of LCL filter for single phase grid connected solar inverter is also elaborated.","PeriodicalId":269385,"journal":{"name":"2019 4th International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130275109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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