Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477572
Y. Kuts, S. Maievskyi, A. Protasov, I. Lysenko, O. Dugin
In this article is considered the experimental results of the using the parametric type of an eddy current transducer at two excitation modes - pulsed and harmonic. The flat samples from aluminum alloy and steel with artificial crack-like defects on them were selected as testing objects. The estimation of the amplitude, decrement and natural oscillation frequency of the eddy current transducer signal as informative parameters was performed according to the results of the analysis of experimental signals of the parametric transducer. The results of the comparative analysis of the eddy current transducer signals at harmonic and pulsed excitation are presented by estimating of changes in the signals amplitude values from the crack depth in the testing object. It is shown that the signals of parametric eddy current transducer in the form of damped harmonic oscillations obtained by pulse excitation of the transducer can be used in the eddy current non-destructive testing to estimate the depth of surface cracks. The types of the dependences of the attenuation and the natural oscillation frequency of the eddy current transducer signal from the change in the crack depth in the testing object were established using the experimental data. The analysis of the sensitivities of the informational parameters of the eddy current transducer at pulsed excitation to the crack depth in the testing objects is performed.
{"title":"Study of Parametric Transducer Operation in Pulsed Eddy Current Non-Destructive Testing","authors":"Y. Kuts, S. Maievskyi, A. Protasov, I. Lysenko, O. Dugin","doi":"10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477572","url":null,"abstract":"In this article is considered the experimental results of the using the parametric type of an eddy current transducer at two excitation modes - pulsed and harmonic. The flat samples from aluminum alloy and steel with artificial crack-like defects on them were selected as testing objects. The estimation of the amplitude, decrement and natural oscillation frequency of the eddy current transducer signal as informative parameters was performed according to the results of the analysis of experimental signals of the parametric transducer. The results of the comparative analysis of the eddy current transducer signals at harmonic and pulsed excitation are presented by estimating of changes in the signals amplitude values from the crack depth in the testing object. It is shown that the signals of parametric eddy current transducer in the form of damped harmonic oscillations obtained by pulse excitation of the transducer can be used in the eddy current non-destructive testing to estimate the depth of surface cracks. The types of the dependences of the attenuation and the natural oscillation frequency of the eddy current transducer signal from the change in the crack depth in the testing object were established using the experimental data. The analysis of the sensitivities of the informational parameters of the eddy current transducer at pulsed excitation to the crack depth in the testing objects is performed.","PeriodicalId":269665,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116738094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477449
A. Hnatov, S. Arhun, O. Ulyanets, S. Ponikarovska
The paper presents the analysis of utilization and implementation of energy-efficient technologies in transport. It contains the review of environmentally-friendly buses and an electrobus using an ultracapacitor module as an energy storage unit. Comparative analysis of using different types of one-class buses – diesel, hybrid and electrobus – for one of the urban lines was made. The operating cost for these types of buses was calculated. It was proved that electrobuses have a substantial advantage over the other buses by the criteria of the operating cost. A schematic diagram of an ultracapacitor electrobus for urban transportation was offered. Calculation of the use of energy by an ultracapacitor electrobus was made. It showed that 1.425 MJ is necessary for the electrobus to accelerate, and 0.6 MJ is generated when the bus is braking.
{"title":"Ultracapacitors Electrobus for Urban Transport","authors":"A. Hnatov, S. Arhun, O. Ulyanets, S. Ponikarovska","doi":"10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477449","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the analysis of utilization and implementation of energy-efficient technologies in transport. It contains the review of environmentally-friendly buses and an electrobus using an ultracapacitor module as an energy storage unit. Comparative analysis of using different types of one-class buses – diesel, hybrid and electrobus – for one of the urban lines was made. The operating cost for these types of buses was calculated. It was proved that electrobuses have a substantial advantage over the other buses by the criteria of the operating cost. A schematic diagram of an ultracapacitor electrobus for urban transportation was offered. Calculation of the use of energy by an ultracapacitor electrobus was made. It showed that 1.425 MJ is necessary for the electrobus to accelerate, and 0.6 MJ is generated when the bus is braking.","PeriodicalId":269665,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130315585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477503
A. Moskovko, O. Vityaz
In the paper we propose a new technique for the transient analysis using the discrete singular convolution method, which is dedicated for the periodic steady-state analysis. The matrix form of the derivatives approximation leads to simple matrix expressions in the mathematical model of the circuit. In order to calculate the transient response, the non-periodic input is repeated with the period that exceeds the time of the transient processes in the circuit. Three examples illustrate the application of the introduced technique.
{"title":"Transient Analysis of Electronic Circuits Using Periodic Steady-State Analysis Technique","authors":"A. Moskovko, O. Vityaz","doi":"10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477503","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper we propose a new technique for the transient analysis using the discrete singular convolution method, which is dedicated for the periodic steady-state analysis. The matrix form of the derivatives approximation leads to simple matrix expressions in the mathematical model of the circuit. In order to calculate the transient response, the non-periodic input is repeated with the period that exceeds the time of the transient processes in the circuit. Three examples illustrate the application of the introduced technique.","PeriodicalId":269665,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131467509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477441
Y. Sokol, V. Kulichenko, R. Tomashevskyi, M. Makhonin
The influence of design parameters of a discharge chamber of an ozone generator on its output characteristics is described in the article. Ways of obtaining ozone and its use in medical practice are given. The problems of determining the discharge voltage, electrical parameters of the coaxial and flat types of chambers are considered. Mathematical description of the determination of the value of ozone concentration in the discharge chamber of the generator is given. A model that takes into account the influence of the design parameters of the discharge chamber is proposed. Its investigation and comparison with the experimental data obtained on the model of the ozone generator are carried out. Its adequacy has been confirmed.
{"title":"Analysis of Influence of the Design of the Discharge Chamber on the Ozone Generator Parameters","authors":"Y. Sokol, V. Kulichenko, R. Tomashevskyi, M. Makhonin","doi":"10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477441","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of design parameters of a discharge chamber of an ozone generator on its output characteristics is described in the article. Ways of obtaining ozone and its use in medical practice are given. The problems of determining the discharge voltage, electrical parameters of the coaxial and flat types of chambers are considered. Mathematical description of the determination of the value of ozone concentration in the discharge chamber of the generator is given. A model that takes into account the influence of the design parameters of the discharge chamber is proposed. Its investigation and comparison with the experimental data obtained on the model of the ozone generator are carried out. Its adequacy has been confirmed.","PeriodicalId":269665,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124970789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477436
A. Fefelov, V. Lytvynenko, M. Voronenko, S. Babichev, V. Osypenko
One of the ways to solve the problem with identifying parameters of S-system, which is used as a model for the reconstruction of a gene regulatory network, is considered. A hybrid algorithm based on a combination of clonal selection methods and trigonometric differential evolution has been proposed. The experimental investigations of the individual parameters influence of the hybrid algorithm on a level of model errors of time series approximation of gene expression data have been carried out. The results of comparative tests with other computational methods are presented.
{"title":"Reconstruction of the Gene Regulatory Network by Hybrid Algorithm of Clonal Selection and Trigonometric Differential Evolution","authors":"A. Fefelov, V. Lytvynenko, M. Voronenko, S. Babichev, V. Osypenko","doi":"10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477436","url":null,"abstract":"One of the ways to solve the problem with identifying parameters of S-system, which is used as a model for the reconstruction of a gene regulatory network, is considered. A hybrid algorithm based on a combination of clonal selection methods and trigonometric differential evolution has been proposed. The experimental investigations of the individual parameters influence of the hybrid algorithm on a level of model errors of time series approximation of gene expression data have been carried out. The results of comparative tests with other computational methods are presented.","PeriodicalId":269665,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129735141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477506
Ajay Kumar, Anuj Chhabra, R. Chaujar
This paper proposes GaAs junctionless (JL)-FinFET for high-performance applications. Results are so obtained and compared with conventional JL-FinFET. FinFET is designed using the metal gate and using Si3N4 as a spacer between gate and source/drain and using high-k BOX. Output and input characteristics are compared. GaAs JL-FinFET is found to provide lower leakage current. Further, potential inside the device is studied which show decrease in potential in the channel region in off state. In energy band diagram, higher difference is observed between Fermi and conduction level showing less conduction in off state. Electron charge density inside the device is also studied which shows the depletion of majority charge carrier concentration in off state. FinFET is being used to design SRAM as it is found to bring read stability and is found to have less parasitic capacitance, less leakage current and higher switching speed.
{"title":"GaAs Junctionless FinFET Using High-k Dielectric for High-Performance Applications","authors":"Ajay Kumar, Anuj Chhabra, R. Chaujar","doi":"10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477506","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes GaAs junctionless (JL)-FinFET for high-performance applications. Results are so obtained and compared with conventional JL-FinFET. FinFET is designed using the metal gate and using Si3N4 as a spacer between gate and source/drain and using high-k BOX. Output and input characteristics are compared. GaAs JL-FinFET is found to provide lower leakage current. Further, potential inside the device is studied which show decrease in potential in the channel region in off state. In energy band diagram, higher difference is observed between Fermi and conduction level showing less conduction in off state. Electron charge density inside the device is also studied which shows the depletion of majority charge carrier concentration in off state. FinFET is being used to design SRAM as it is found to bring read stability and is found to have less parasitic capacitance, less leakage current and higher switching speed.","PeriodicalId":269665,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130602723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477444
Mitra Abedini, Mohsen Ahmadi, R. Mohammadpour, P. Sasanpour
The efficient structure for optical fiber based surface Plasmon resonance sensor has been investigated. The sensor structure is based on removing the cladding of a multimode optical fiber and replacing it with thin film of gold. The incident light inside the fiber will excite surface plasmons which will be resulted in the absorption in specific wavelengths. The absorption behavior is dependent on the dielectric constants at the vicinity of the metallic thin film. Based on the amount of removed cladding and deposition regions on the core structure of the fiber, different configurations can be considered. Based on the computational analysis, we have studied performance of sensor for three different configurations. Our method of study is based on solving wave equation in different sensor geometry and calculating absorption for different available modes using Finite Element Method in COMSOL environment. The results of our study show that, the optimum configuration of sensor considering wavelength sensitivity is for a fiber which half of core and cladding has been removed and the gold thin film is deposited on its surface.
{"title":"Efficient Geometry of Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Fiber Optic Sensor","authors":"Mitra Abedini, Mohsen Ahmadi, R. Mohammadpour, P. Sasanpour","doi":"10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477444","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient structure for optical fiber based surface Plasmon resonance sensor has been investigated. The sensor structure is based on removing the cladding of a multimode optical fiber and replacing it with thin film of gold. The incident light inside the fiber will excite surface plasmons which will be resulted in the absorption in specific wavelengths. The absorption behavior is dependent on the dielectric constants at the vicinity of the metallic thin film. Based on the amount of removed cladding and deposition regions on the core structure of the fiber, different configurations can be considered. Based on the computational analysis, we have studied performance of sensor for three different configurations. Our method of study is based on solving wave equation in different sensor geometry and calculating absorption for different available modes using Finite Element Method in COMSOL environment. The results of our study show that, the optimum configuration of sensor considering wavelength sensitivity is for a fiber which half of core and cladding has been removed and the gold thin film is deposited on its surface.","PeriodicalId":269665,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132751476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477510
Vazgen Melikyan, Meruzhan K. Martirosyan, D. Babayan, V. Janpoladov, Davit Musayelyan
This paper presents low power multi-voltage and multi-threshold techniques implementation based on 14-nanometer ORCA design with RISC core for reducing both static and dynamic power. The designed processor was compared with previous 32-nanometer low power based research and regular (without using low power techniques) 14-nanometer design to show the differences in power consumption after implementing multi-voltage and multi-threshold techniques.
{"title":"Multi-Voltage and Multi-Threshold Low Power Design Techniques for ORCA Processor Based on 14 nm Technology","authors":"Vazgen Melikyan, Meruzhan K. Martirosyan, D. Babayan, V. Janpoladov, Davit Musayelyan","doi":"10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477510","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents low power multi-voltage and multi-threshold techniques implementation based on 14-nanometer ORCA design with RISC core for reducing both static and dynamic power. The designed processor was compared with previous 32-nanometer low power based research and regular (without using low power techniques) 14-nanometer design to show the differences in power consumption after implementing multi-voltage and multi-threshold techniques.","PeriodicalId":269665,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124496192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477525
M. Lavreniuk, N. Kussul, A. Novikov
To provide reliable crop maps for the same territory each year, it is necessary to collect in-situ data for each year independently. Collecting ground truth data is a very time consuming and challenging task. At present, unfortunately, there is no an adopted approach, how to utilize in-situ and satellite data from previous years for crop mapping in the subsequent years. In this paper, we propose a new deep learning approach using sparse autoencoder based on only satellite data, and a further procedure of neural network fine-tuning based on in-situ data. The possibility of utilizing this deep learning architecture based on translating all available satellite data into the unified hyperspace. The study is carried out for the central part of Ukraine. Obtained results show that this technique is feasible and provides reliable crop classification maps with overall accuracy (OA) of 91.0% and 85.9% for two different experiments. The use of the proposed approach makes it possible to avoid, or decrease, the necessity for collecting in-situ data for each year and for each part of large territory.
{"title":"Deep Learning Crop Classification Approach Based on Coding Input Satellite Data Into the Unified Hyperspace","authors":"M. Lavreniuk, N. Kussul, A. Novikov","doi":"10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477525","url":null,"abstract":"To provide reliable crop maps for the same territory each year, it is necessary to collect in-situ data for each year independently. Collecting ground truth data is a very time consuming and challenging task. At present, unfortunately, there is no an adopted approach, how to utilize in-situ and satellite data from previous years for crop mapping in the subsequent years. In this paper, we propose a new deep learning approach using sparse autoencoder based on only satellite data, and a further procedure of neural network fine-tuning based on in-situ data. The possibility of utilizing this deep learning architecture based on translating all available satellite data into the unified hyperspace. The study is carried out for the central part of Ukraine. Obtained results show that this technique is feasible and provides reliable crop classification maps with overall accuracy (OA) of 91.0% and 85.9% for two different experiments. The use of the proposed approach makes it possible to avoid, or decrease, the necessity for collecting in-situ data for each year and for each part of large territory.","PeriodicalId":269665,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125580704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-24DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477556
A. Sergiyenko, P. Serhiienko, Juriy Zorin
The issues of development of the system for the high dynamic range (HDR) image processing are considered. The HDR images are often used in the medical image processing and pattern recognition. The modified Retinex method for the HDR image compression is proposed, in which the bilateral filter is substituted by the adaptive filter. This edge-preserving filter is based on the Harris-Laplace detectors, and on the Gauss filter with the regulated kernel. The detector outputs give the information about the local properties of the image and can help to perform the effective pattern recognition. The experimental HDR video camera is built on the base of the Lattice HDR-60 board.
{"title":"High Dynamic Range Video Camera with Elements of the Pattern Recognition","authors":"A. Sergiyenko, P. Serhiienko, Juriy Zorin","doi":"10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2018.8477556","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of development of the system for the high dynamic range (HDR) image processing are considered. The HDR images are often used in the medical image processing and pattern recognition. The modified Retinex method for the HDR image compression is proposed, in which the bilateral filter is substituted by the adaptive filter. This edge-preserving filter is based on the Harris-Laplace detectors, and on the Gauss filter with the regulated kernel. The detector outputs give the information about the local properties of the image and can help to perform the effective pattern recognition. The experimental HDR video camera is built on the base of the Lattice HDR-60 board.","PeriodicalId":269665,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116130416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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