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A Geo-Aware and VRP-Based Public Bicycle Redistribution System 基于地理感知和vrp的公共自行车分配系统
Pub Date : 2012-12-27 DOI: 10.1155/2012/963427
J. H. Lin, T. Chou
Public Bicycle System (PBS) has been developed for short-distance transportation as a part of the mass transportation system. The supply and demand of bikes in PBS is usually unbalanced at different stations and needs to be continuously and widely monitored and redistributed. The bicycle redistribution is a part of the vehicle routing problem (VRP). We can apply solutions to the VRP to redistribute bicycle efficiently. However, most solutions to the VRP use the Euclidean distance as the condition factor, which does not take road conditions, traffic regulations, and geographical factors into account, resulting in unnecessary waste of delivery time and human resources. In this work, we propose an actual path distance optimization method for the VRP to adapt the several additional constraints of road problems. We also implement a system that integrates real-time station information, Web GIS, the urban road network, and heuristics algorithms for PBS. The system includes a simulator inside that can assist PBS managers to do the route planning efficiently and find the best scheduling strategy to achieve hotspot analysis and the adjustment of station deployment strategies to reduce PBS operation cost.
公共自行车系统(Public Bicycle System, PBS)是为短途交通而发展起来的,是大众交通系统的一部分。公共自行车在不同站点的供给和需求通常是不平衡的,需要持续和广泛地监测和重新分配。自行车重新分配是车辆路径问题(VRP)的一部分。我们可以应用VRP的解决方案来有效地重新分配自行车。然而,大多数VRP的解决方案都以欧几里得距离作为条件因素,没有考虑路况、交通法规、地理等因素,造成了配送时间和人力资源的不必要浪费。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种VRP的实际路径距离优化方法,以适应道路问题的几个附加约束。我们还实现了一个集成了实时站点信息、Web GIS、城市道路网络和PBS启发式算法的系统。该系统内置模拟器,可以帮助PBS管理者高效地进行路线规划,找到最佳调度策略,实现热点分析和站点部署策略调整,降低PBS运营成本。
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引用次数: 51
A Neurofuzzy Approach to Modeling Longitudinal Driving Behavior and Driving Task Complexity 纵向驾驶行为和驾驶任务复杂性建模的神经模糊方法
Pub Date : 2012-12-20 DOI: 10.1155/2012/807805
R. Hoogendoorn, B. Arem, S. Hoogendoorn
Technological innovations can be assumed to have made the driving task more complex. It is, however, not yet clear to what extent this complexity leads to changes in longitudinal driving behavior. Furthermore, it remains to be seen how these adaptation effects can best be modeled mathematically. In order to determine the effect of complexity on empirical longitudinal driving behavior we performed a driving simulator experiment with a repeated measures design. Through this experiment we established that complexity of the driving task leads to substantial changes in speed and spacing. In order to provide insight into how complexity is actually related to changes in longitudinal driving behavior we introduce a new theoretical framework based on the Task-Capability-Interface model. Finally in this paper we take some first steps towards modeling of adaptation effects in longitudinal driving behavior in relation to complexity of the driving task through the introduction of a new neurofuzzy car-following model and based on the proposed theoretical framework. In this paper we show that this model yields a relatively good prediction of longitudinal driving behavior in case of driving conditions with differing complexity. The paper finishes with a discussion section and recommendations for future research.
可以认为,技术创新使驾驶任务变得更加复杂。然而,目前尚不清楚这种复杂性在多大程度上导致了纵向驾驶行为的变化。此外,如何才能最好地用数学模型来模拟这些适应效应还有待观察。为了确定复杂性对经验纵向驾驶行为的影响,我们进行了重复测量设计的驾驶模拟器实验。通过这个实验,我们确定了驾驶任务的复杂性会导致速度和间距的实质性变化。为了深入了解复杂性与纵向驾驶行为变化之间的关系,我们引入了一个基于任务-能力-界面模型的新理论框架。最后,在本文提出的理论框架的基础上,我们通过引入一个新的神经模糊汽车跟随模型,为纵向驾驶行为中与驾驶任务复杂性相关的适应效应建模迈出了一些初步的步骤。在本文中,我们表明,该模型产生了相对较好的预测纵向驾驶行为的情况下,驾驶条件具有不同的复杂性。论文最后以讨论部分和对未来研究的建议结束。
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引用次数: 5
StopWatcher: A Mobile Application to Improve Stop Sign Awareness for Driving Safety StopWatcher:一个提高停车标志意识的移动应用程序,以提高驾驶安全
Pub Date : 2012-12-18 DOI: 10.1155/2012/532568
C. Tucker, R. Tucker, Jun Zheng
Stop signs are the primary form of traffic control in the United States. However, they have a tendency to be much less effective than other forms of traffic control like traffic lights. This is due to their smaller size, lack of lighting, and the fact that they may become visually obscured from the road. In this paper, we offer a solution to this problem in the form of a mobile application implemented in the Android platform: StopWatcher. It is designed to alert a driver when they are approaching a stop sign using a voice notification system (VNS). A field test was performed in a snowy environment. The test results demonstrate that the application can detect all of the stop signs correctly, even when some of them were obstructed by the snow, which in turn greatly improves the user awareness of stop signs.
在美国,停车标志是交通管制的主要形式。然而,与交通信号灯等其他形式的交通控制相比,它们的效果往往要差得多。这是由于它们的尺寸较小,缺乏照明,而且它们可能在视觉上被道路遮挡。在本文中,我们以Android平台上实现的移动应用程序StopWatcher的形式提供了解决这个问题的方法。当司机接近停车标志时,它会使用语音通知系统(VNS)提醒司机。在雪地环境中进行了现场试验。测试结果表明,即使某些停车标志被雪遮挡,该应用程序也能正确检测到所有停车标志,从而大大提高了用户对停车标志的认识。
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引用次数: 4
A Comparative Analysis of Subjective Quality of the Mobility between a New Portable Electric Transportation Mode and Walking 新型便携式电动交通方式与步行出行主观素质的比较分析
Pub Date : 2012-12-16 DOI: 10.1155/2012/876892
Hiroyuki Ohta, Haruyuki Matsumoto, D. Fukuda, S. Fujii
To analyze the psychological impacts of the introduction of new portable electric transportation modes, we implemented an experiment using a personal mobile vehicle (PMV). We investigated its effects on 2 types of the subjective quality of mobility (SQM): instrumental aspects including “easiness” and “speed”: and affective aspects including “enjoyment,” “seeing scenery,” and “enjoying the atmosphere.” The result indicated that PMV might contribute to the improvement of the instrumental aspects of SQM, but walking was regarded as more preferable in terms of the affective aspects. The results suggest that such a new transportation mode could contribute to the improvement of subjective quality of mobility, if and only if it can be introduced in an appropriate situation.
为了分析新型便携式电动交通方式的引入对心理的影响,我们使用个人移动车辆(PMV)进行了一项实验。我们研究了交通对出行主观质量(SQM)的影响:工具方面包括“轻松”和“速度”;情感方面包括“享受”、“看风景”和“享受氛围”。结果表明,PMV可能有助于改善SQM的工具方面,但步行在情感方面被认为更可取。结果表明,当且仅当在适当的情况下引入这种新的交通方式时,它可以有助于提高交通的主观质量。
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引用次数: 0
DSP-Based Sensor Fault Detection and Post Fault-Tolerant Control of an Induction Motor-Based Electric Vehicle 基于dsp的感应电机电动汽车传感器故障检测与后容错控制
Pub Date : 2012-12-10 DOI: 10.1155/2012/608381
B. tabbache, M. Benbouzid, A. Kheloui, J. Bourgeot
This paper deals with sensor fault detection within a reconfigurable direct torque control of an induction motor-based electric vehicle. The proposed strategy concerns current, voltage, and speed sensors faults that are detected and followed by post fault-tolerant control to allow the vehicle continuous operation. The proposed approach is validated through experiments on an induction motor drive and simulations on an electric vehicle using a European urban and extraurban driving cycle.
本文研究了基于感应电机的电动汽车可重构直接转矩控制中的传感器故障检测问题。所提出的策略涉及到电流、电压和速度传感器的故障检测和后容错控制,以允许车辆连续运行。通过感应电机驱动实验和电动汽车仿真验证了该方法的有效性,并采用了欧洲城市和城市外驾驶循环。
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引用次数: 15
Intelligent Lane Reservation System for Highway(s) 高速公路智能车道预留系统
Pub Date : 2012-12-04 DOI: 10.1155/2012/604965
C. Dobre
Highways tend to get congested because of the increase in the number of cars travelling on them. There are two solutions to this. The first one, which is also expensive, consists in building new highways to support the traffic. A much cheaper alternative consists in the introduction of advanced intelligent traffic control systems to manage traffic and increase the efficiency of the already existing highways. Intelligent lane reservation system for highways (ILRSH) is such a software control system. It is designed to assist and automate the use of a highway lane as a reserved lane. The idea is to allow and support drivers to travel at a speed higher, if in return they are willing to pay a small fee to reserve an empty virtual slot on the reserved lane. This slot is valid for a portion and of the highway and a time window, so each driver pays the fee depending thier its travelling needs. In return, drivers are guaranteed a congestion-free travel on that portion. In this paper, we present the proposed architecture of the ILRSH and its subsystems. The system is based on several proposed algorithms designed to assist the drivers, enter or exit the reserved lane, based on real-world driving observations. We present extensive simulation results showing the feasibility of the proposed approach, that can easily be implemented with little costs on already-existing highways, and the increase in traffic efficiency.
高速公路往往会变得拥挤,因为在上面行驶的汽车数量增加了。对此有两种解决方案。第一种方法也很昂贵,包括修建新的高速公路来支持交通。一个更便宜的替代方案是引入先进的智能交通控制系统来管理交通,提高现有高速公路的效率。高速公路智能车道预留系统(ILRSH)就是这样一个软件控制系统。它的设计目的是辅助和自动使用高速公路车道作为保留车道。这个想法是允许并支持司机以更高的速度行驶,作为回报,他们愿意支付一小笔费用,在预留车道上预留一个虚拟的空槽。这个时段对高速公路的一部分和一个时间窗口有效,所以每个司机根据他们的旅行需求支付费用。作为回报,司机可以保证在这一路段不拥堵。在本文中,我们提出了ILRSH及其子系统的架构。该系统基于几种算法,这些算法旨在帮助驾驶员根据实际驾驶情况进入或退出预留车道。我们提供了大量的仿真结果,显示了所提出的方法的可行性,该方法可以很容易地在现有的高速公路上以很少的成本实施,并提高了交通效率。
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引用次数: 1
Efficient Noninteractive Secure Protocol Enforcing Privacy in Vehicle-to-Roadside Communication Networks 有效的非交互式安全协议在车路通信网络中加强隐私保护
Pub Date : 2012-11-13 DOI: 10.1155/2012/862368
Fatty M. Salem, M. Ibrahim, I. I. Ibrahim
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted extensive attentions in recent years for their promises in improving safety and enabling other value-added services. In this paper, we propose an efficient noninteractive secure protocol preserving the privacy of drivers in vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) communication networks with the ability of tracing malicious drivers only by a third trusted party (TTP), who is assumed to be fully trusted. Our proposed protocol can provide these complex requirements depending on symmetric cryptographic algorithms. The drivers can change the symmetric key used for message encryption with each message transmission and find noninteractively new values to be correctly used for verification and tracing in case of malicious behavior. The advantages of symmetric cryptographic algorithms over asymmetric algorithms are the faster processing speed and the shorter message length which makes it suitable for real-time applications such as V2R communications. An efficient key revocation scheme will be also described.
近年来,车载自组织网络(vanet)因其在提高安全性和实现其他增值服务方面的承诺而受到广泛关注。在本文中,我们提出了一种有效的非交互式安全协议,该协议保护了车辆到路边(V2R)通信网络中驾驶员的隐私,该协议具有仅由第三方可信方(TTP)跟踪恶意驾驶员的能力,该第三方被认为是完全可信的。我们提出的协议可以根据对称加密算法提供这些复杂的需求。驱动程序可以在每次消息传输时更改用于消息加密的对称密钥,并找到非交互式的新值,以便在出现恶意行为时正确地用于验证和跟踪。与非对称算法相比,对称加密算法的优点是处理速度更快,消息长度更短,这使得它适合于实时应用,如V2R通信。本文还将介绍一种有效的密钥撤销方案。
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引用次数: 2
River Flow Lane Detection and Kalman Filtering-Based B-Spline Lane Tracking 基于卡尔曼滤波的河道车道检测与b样条车道跟踪
Pub Date : 2012-11-05 DOI: 10.1155/2012/465819
K. Lim, K. Seng, L. Ang
A novel lane detection technique using adaptive line segment and river flow method is proposed in this paper to estimate driving lane edges. A Kalman filtering-based B-spline tracking model is also presented to quickly predict lane boundaries in consecutive frames. Firstly, sky region and road shadows are removed by applying a regional dividing method and road region analysis, respectively. Next, the change of lane orientation is monitored in order to define an adaptive line segment separating the region into near and far fields. In the near field, a 1D Hough transform is used to approximate a pair of lane boundaries. Subsequently, river flow method is applied to obtain lane curvature in the far field. Once the lane boundaries are detected, a B-spline mathematical model is updated using a Kalman filter to continuously track the road edges. Simulation results show that the proposed lane detection and tracking method has good performance with low complexity.
提出了一种基于自适应线段法和河流流量法的车道检测方法。提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的b样条跟踪模型,用于快速预测连续帧内的车道边界。首先,采用区域分割法和道路区域分析分别去除天空区域和道路阴影;接下来,监测车道方向的变化,以便定义一个自适应线段,将区域划分为近场和远场。在近场中,采用一维霍夫变换逼近一对车道边界。在此基础上,采用河流法计算远场巷道曲率。一旦检测到车道边界,使用卡尔曼滤波器更新b样条数学模型以连续跟踪道路边缘。仿真结果表明,所提出的车道检测与跟踪方法具有较好的性能和较低的复杂度。
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引用次数: 30
Two-Lane Traffic Flow Simulation Model via Cellular Automaton 基于元胞自动机的双车道交通流仿真模型
Pub Date : 2012-08-22 DOI: 10.1155/2012/130398
K. Rawat, V. K. Katiyar, P. Gupta
Road traffic microsimulations based on the individual motion of all the involved vehicles are now recognized as an important tool to describe, understand, and manage road traffic. Cellular automata (CA) are very efficient way to implement vehicle motion. CA is a methodology that uses a discrete space to represent the state of each element of a domain, and this state can be changed according to a transition rule. The well-known cellular automaton Nasch model with modified cell size and variable acceleration rate is extended to two-lane cellular automaton model for traffic flow. A set of state rules is applied to provide lane-changing maneuvers. S-t-s rule given in the BJH model which describes the behavior of jammed vehicle is implemented in the present model and effect of variability in traffic flow on lane-changing behavior is studied. Flow rate between the single-lane road and two-lane road where vehicles change the lane in order to avoid the collision is also compared under the influence of s-t-s rule and braking rule. Using results of numerical simulations, we analyzed the fundamental diagram of traffic flow and show that s-t-s probability has more effect than braking probability on lane-changing maneuver.
基于所有相关车辆的个体运动的道路交通微模拟现在被认为是描述、理解和管理道路交通的重要工具。元胞自动机是实现车辆运动的一种有效方法。CA是一种使用离散空间来表示域中每个元素的状态的方法,这种状态可以根据转换规则进行更改。将修正元胞大小和变加速度的元胞自动机纳什模型扩展到交通流的双车道元胞自动机模型。一套州规则被应用于提供变道机动。该模型实现了BJH模型中描述拥堵车辆行为的S-t-s规则,研究了交通流变化对车辆变道行为的影响。在s-t-s规则和制动规则的影响下,比较了车辆为避免碰撞而换道的单车道道路和双车道道路的流量。利用数值模拟结果分析了交通流的基本图,表明s-t-s概率比制动概率对变道机动的影响更大。
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引用次数: 19
A Real-Time Embedded Blind Spot Safety Assistance System 实时嵌入式盲点安全辅助系统
Pub Date : 2012-04-22 DOI: 10.1155/2012/506235
Bing-Fei Wu, Chih-Chung Kao, Yingze Li, Min Yu Tsai
This paper presents an effective vehicle and motorcycle detection system in the blind spot area in the daytime and nighttime scenes. The proposed method identifies vehicle and motorcycle by detecting the shadow and the edge features in the daytime, and the vehicle and motorcycle could be detected through locating the headlights at nighttime. First, shadow segmentation is performed to briefly locate the position of the vehicle. Then, the vertical and horizontal edges are utilized to verify the existence of the vehicle. After that, tracking procedure is operated to track the same vehicle in the consecutive frames. Finally, the driving behavior is judged by the trajectory. Second, the lamps in the nighttime are extracted based on automatic histogram thresholding, and are verified by spatial and temporal features to against the reflection of the pavement. The proposed real-time vision-based Blind Spot Safety-Assistance System has implemented and evaluated on a TI DM6437 platform to perform the vehicle detection on real highway, expressways, and urban roadways, and works well on sunny, cloudy, and rainy conditions in daytime and night time. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed vehicle detection approach is effective and feasible in various environments.
本文提出了一种有效的白天和夜间场景盲区车辆和摩托车检测系统。该方法在白天通过检测阴影和边缘特征来识别车辆和摩托车,在夜间通过定位前灯来识别车辆和摩托车。首先,进行阴影分割,简单定位车辆的位置。然后,利用垂直和水平边缘来验证车辆的存在。然后,执行跟踪程序,在连续的帧中跟踪同一车辆。最后,根据轨迹判断车辆的驾驶行为。其次,基于自动直方图阈值提取夜间灯具,并根据路面反射的时空特征进行验证;提出的基于实时视觉的盲点安全辅助系统在TI DM6437平台上进行了实施和评估,可在真实的高速公路、高速公路和城市道路上进行车辆检测,并且在白天和晚上的晴天、多云和雨天条件下都能很好地工作。实验结果表明,所提出的车辆检测方法在各种环境下都是有效可行的。
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引用次数: 35
期刊
International Journal of Vehicular Technology
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