Pub Date : 2015-08-28DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.S5-004
R. Ebbing, C. Robertson, P. Robinson
Background: Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae are commonly identified in the lower airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Little is known of the change in prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility in this population over time. We examined the epidemiology of both organisms over 15 years in our CF clinic. Results: 1538 isolates from respiratory specimens of 349 CF patients over 15 years were investigated. Annual prevalence increased significantly for both bacteria, being more pronounced for H. parainfluenzae. Average percentage of resistant cultures increased by 46% (H. Influenzae) and 61% (H. Parainfluenzae). For H. influenzae, resistance to ampicillin was 34.4%, co-trimoxazole 21.4%. For H. parainfluenzae, resistance to ampicillin was 50.0%, co-trimoxazole 26.8%. Resistance in H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae to ampicillin and in H. parainfluenzae to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and co-trimoxazole increased over the study. Conclusion: This present study has shown an increased annual prevalence of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae in a large group of CF patients. Resistance to ampicillin significantly increased for H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae, but increased resistance to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and co-trimoxazole was only significant in H. parainfluenzae.
{"title":"Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenza in CysticFibrosis: 15 Years Experience","authors":"R. Ebbing, C. Robertson, P. Robinson","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.S5-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.S5-004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae are commonly identified in the lower airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Little is known of the change in prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility in this population over time. We examined the epidemiology of both organisms over 15 years in our CF clinic. \u0000Results: 1538 isolates from respiratory specimens of 349 CF patients over 15 years were investigated. Annual prevalence increased significantly for both bacteria, being more pronounced for H. parainfluenzae. Average percentage of resistant cultures increased by 46% (H. Influenzae) and 61% (H. Parainfluenzae). For H. influenzae, resistance to ampicillin was 34.4%, co-trimoxazole 21.4%. For H. parainfluenzae, resistance to ampicillin was 50.0%, co-trimoxazole 26.8%. Resistance in H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae to ampicillin and in H. parainfluenzae to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and co-trimoxazole increased over the study. \u0000Conclusion: This present study has shown an increased annual prevalence of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae in a large group of CF patients. Resistance to ampicillin significantly increased for H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae, but increased resistance to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and co-trimoxazole was only significant in H. parainfluenzae.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129126618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-21DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.S5-003
Joanna SkrÄt MagierÅo, Edyta BarnaÅ, R. Raa, Krzysztof Gutkowski, Leszek Juszczyk, A. Belkum, H. Pituch, Andrzej SkrÄt
We present two cases of acute Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) during pregnancy in Poland. Both patients were hospitalized due to premature rupture of membranes at 15 and 28 weeks of gestation and had antibiotic prophylaxy and therapy. The first patient was discharged on day 18 after the start of the infection but the second patient died after 4 days of hospitalization. Our data and a literature review show that extensive antibiotic usage in such patients may predispose to CDI despite a current lack of detailed studies.BV and health state will provide the depth insight in the etiology of BV.
{"title":"Acute Clostridium Difficile Infection in two Polish Pregnant Women with Premature Rupture of Membranes","authors":"Joanna SkrÄt MagierÅo, Edyta BarnaÅ, R. Raa, Krzysztof Gutkowski, Leszek Juszczyk, A. Belkum, H. Pituch, Andrzej SkrÄt","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.S5-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.S5-003","url":null,"abstract":"We present two cases of acute Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) during pregnancy in Poland. Both patients were hospitalized due to premature rupture of membranes at 15 and 28 weeks of gestation and had antibiotic prophylaxy and therapy. The first patient was discharged on day 18 after the start of the infection but the second patient died after 4 days of hospitalization. Our data and a literature review show that extensive antibiotic usage in such patients may predispose to CDI despite a current lack of detailed studies.BV and health state will provide the depth insight in the etiology of BV.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133947038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-20DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.S5-002
A. Ibrahim, Rehab M. Atef, S. Mansour, M. Mansour, I. Ibrahim, T. Zaher
Background and aim: Variation in the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induced pathology is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay between the host immune responses and pathogen virulence factors. Patients and methods: This study included 95 H. pylori infected patients who underwent endoscopy. They selected if culture and/or histopathological examination and rapid urease test were positive. All patients were examined for presence of cag E and LL-37. Results: Endoscopic findings in the patients were variable. The most frequent findings was gastritis 45.3% (43/95), followed by duodenitis; 36.8% (35/95), duodenal ulcer; 14.7% (14/95), esophagitis; 11.6% (11/95) and the least frequent one was gastric ulcer; 4.2% (4/95). Interestingly, cag E was positive in 27.4% of patients (26/95). As regards LL-37, its mean ± SD was 123.25 ± 20.26 ng/mL. Classifying studied patients into peptic ulcer and non peptic ulcer groups, cag E was positive in patients with peptic ulcer more than those who were non peptic (88.9 % versus 13%) (OR=0.019; CI 0.004-0.094) and P<0.001. The difference between two groups as regard LL-37 was statistically significant (CI 44.87-51.98), P<0.001. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was a strong association of cag E and LL-37 serum level with H. pylori-induced peptic ulceration in Egyptian patients.
{"title":"Association of cag E Gene and LL-37 Serum Level with Helicobacterpylori-induced Peptic Ulceration in Egyptian Patients","authors":"A. Ibrahim, Rehab M. Atef, S. Mansour, M. Mansour, I. Ibrahim, T. Zaher","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.S5-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.S5-002","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim: Variation in the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induced pathology is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay between the host immune responses and pathogen virulence factors. Patients and methods: This study included 95 H. pylori infected patients who underwent endoscopy. They selected if culture and/or histopathological examination and rapid urease test were positive. All patients were examined for presence of cag E and LL-37. Results: Endoscopic findings in the patients were variable. The most frequent findings was gastritis 45.3% (43/95), followed by duodenitis; 36.8% (35/95), duodenal ulcer; 14.7% (14/95), esophagitis; 11.6% (11/95) and the least frequent one was gastric ulcer; 4.2% (4/95). Interestingly, cag E was positive in 27.4% of patients (26/95). As regards LL-37, its mean ± SD was 123.25 ± 20.26 ng/mL. Classifying studied patients into peptic ulcer and non peptic ulcer groups, cag E was positive in patients with peptic ulcer more than those who were non peptic (88.9 % versus 13%) (OR=0.019; CI 0.004-0.094) and P<0.001. The difference between two groups as regard LL-37 was statistically significant (CI 44.87-51.98), P<0.001. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was a strong association of cag E and LL-37 serum level with H. pylori-induced peptic ulceration in Egyptian patients.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126767370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In September 2012, a novel coronavirus was recognized, later renamed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. This novel coronavirus belong lineage C of the genus Beta coronavirus included virus isolates from bats and camels. Fever, cough and shortness of breath were the common initial symptoms. On the other hand, majority of Patients were rapidly progressed to severe pneumonia and renal failure. Dromedary camels are suspected the primary reservoir for MERS CoV infection; suggesting camels to human transmission via contact with their excretion and consuming their product. However, human to human transmission occurred via the respiratory droplet or close contact. There is no specific drug or vaccine available for illnesses caused by MERS-CoV infection. Currently this novel virus is the major emerging respiratory pathogen threats of the world and capable of lethal human infections. Still new cases have been reported around the world particularly Arabian Peninsula. It has been also emerged outside Middle East countries which have not occurred before in South Korea and China since 20 May, 2015.
{"title":"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: Current Status and Future Implications","authors":"Dereje Gedle, Mengistu Endris, B. Tessema, Setegn Eshetie, Temesgen Ewunetu, Fetuma Feyera, Gemechu Kumera","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000200","url":null,"abstract":"In September 2012, a novel coronavirus was recognized, later renamed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. This novel coronavirus belong lineage C of the genus Beta coronavirus included virus isolates from bats and camels. Fever, cough and shortness of breath were the common initial symptoms. On the other hand, majority of Patients were rapidly progressed to severe pneumonia and renal failure. Dromedary camels are suspected the primary reservoir for MERS CoV infection; suggesting camels to human transmission via contact with their excretion and consuming their product. However, human to human transmission occurred via the respiratory droplet or close contact. There is no specific drug or vaccine available for illnesses caused by MERS-CoV infection. Currently this novel virus is the major emerging respiratory pathogen threats of the world and capable of lethal human infections. Still new cases have been reported around the world particularly Arabian Peninsula. It has been also emerged outside Middle East countries which have not occurred before in South Korea and China since 20 May, 2015.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130329381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-08DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000199
Jihye Ha, K. Kim
The genus Kytococcus are pigmented, non-encapsulated, non-motile, aerobic, catalase-positive, Gram-positive cocci in pairs or tetrads. We report a case of Kytococcus schroeteri isolated from a blood specimen of a patient with pneumonia. The isolate was Gram-variable and difficult to identify using conventional biochemical tests.
{"title":"Bacteraemia Caused by Kytococcus schroeteri in a Pneumonia Patient","authors":"Jihye Ha, K. Kim","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Kytococcus are pigmented, non-encapsulated, non-motile, aerobic, catalase-positive, Gram-positive cocci in pairs or tetrads. We report a case of Kytococcus schroeteri isolated from a blood specimen of a patient with pneumonia. The isolate was Gram-variable and difficult to identify using conventional biochemical tests.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115555476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Anemia is defined as a condition in which there is less than the normal hemoglobin (HB) level in the body, which decreases oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells to tissues. Anemia in pregnancy also leads to premature births, low birth weight, fetal impairment and infant deaths. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Nekemte Health Center, Nekemte, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Nekemte Health Center (NHC) between May 20, 2011 and June 25, 2011. A total of 150 pregnant women were selected continently. Blood specimen was collected and processed based on standard operating procedures where hemoglobin level was determined by Cell-Dyn1800. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on Sociodemographic and associated risk factors. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Logistic regressions were applied to assess any association between explanatory factors and outcome variables. P values <0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Results: The total prevalence of anemia was 52%. Mild, moderate and severe anemia account for 50(64%), 17(21.8%) and 11(14.2%), respectively. Fifty three (68%) of the anemic pregnant women had normocytic normochromic RBCs. Anemia was significantly higher in pregnant women with diarrhea [AOR, 95% CI (5.6(1.7, 17.3), P<0.05] and in those with previous history of malaria [AOR, 95% CI (2.7(1.4, 9.33), P<0.05]. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in the study area is significantly high. Regular antenatal care follow up, adjustment of dietary and screening of parasitic infections are recommended to prevent impacts of anemia in
背景:贫血被定义为体内血红蛋白(HB)水平低于正常水平，导致红细胞对组织的携氧能力下降。妊娠期贫血还会导致早产、低出生体重、胎儿损伤和婴儿死亡。本研究的目的是确定在埃塞俄比亚Nekemte卫生中心接受产前护理的孕妇贫血程度及其相关因素。方法:对2011年5月20日至2011年6月25日在Nekemte卫生中心(NHC)产前护理的孕妇进行横断面研究。共有150名孕妇在欧洲大陆被选中。采集血液标本并根据标准操作程序进行处理，其中血红蛋白水平由Cell-Dyn1800测定。采用结构化问卷收集社会人口学及相关危险因素的数据。使用SPSS 20版软件进行数据录入和分析。应用逻辑回归来评估解释因素和结果变量之间的关联。P值<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:总患病率为52%。轻度、中度和重度贫血分别占50例(64%)、17例(21.8%)和11例(14.2%)。53名(68%)贫血孕妇有正红细胞正色红细胞。腹泻孕妇的贫血发生率显著增高[AOR, 95% CI (5.6(1.7, 17.3)， P<0.05]，既往有疟疾病史的孕妇[AOR, 95% CI (2.7(1.4, 9.33)， P<0.05]。结论:研究区贫血患病率明显偏高。建议定期进行产前保健随访、调整饮食和筛查寄生虫感染，以预防儿童贫血的影响
{"title":"Magnitude of Anemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Nekemte Health Center, Nekemte, Ethiopia","authors":"Hylemariam Mihiretie, Motuma Fufa, Anane Mitiku, Chaltu Bacha, D. Getahun, Meselech Kejela, Getu Sileshi, Beletech Wakshuma","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000197","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anemia is defined as a condition in which there is less than the normal hemoglobin (HB) level in the body, which decreases oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells to tissues. Anemia in pregnancy also leads to premature births, low birth weight, fetal impairment and infant deaths. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Nekemte Health Center, Nekemte, Ethiopia. \u0000 \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Nekemte Health Center (NHC) between May 20, 2011 and June 25, 2011. A total of 150 pregnant women were selected continently. Blood specimen was collected and processed based on standard operating procedures where hemoglobin level was determined by Cell-Dyn1800. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on Sociodemographic and associated risk factors. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Logistic regressions were applied to assess any association between explanatory factors and outcome variables. P values <0.05 were taken as statistically significant. \u0000Results: The total prevalence of anemia was 52%. Mild, moderate and severe anemia account for 50(64%), 17(21.8%) and 11(14.2%), respectively. Fifty three (68%) of the anemic pregnant women had normocytic normochromic RBCs. Anemia was significantly higher in pregnant women with diarrhea [AOR, 95% CI (5.6(1.7, 17.3), P<0.05] and in those with previous history of malaria [AOR, 95% CI (2.7(1.4, 9.33), P<0.05]. \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in the study area is significantly high. Regular antenatal care follow up, adjustment of dietary and screening of parasitic infections are recommended to prevent impacts of anemia in","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126865676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-24DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000190
R. Reitzel
Background: Non-invasive methods to diagnose invasive fungal infections are needed to improve the poor outcome of these infections. We conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic values of quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and galactomannan in hematological malignancy patients. Results: Eighty-two consecutive patients with cancer were identified and prospectively followed for three months. Molecular testing using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay amplifying two primers 5.8S and 18S rRNA fungal genes and galactomannan was performed on 1540 blood samples and correlated with clinical data. Amplification of the 5.8S rRNA fungal gene had significantly higher sensitivity than amplification of the 18S rRNA gene for samples from either source (for blood samples: 90% vs 50%, p=0.007; for serum samples: 64% vs 5%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Galactomannan when used alone had a sensitivity of 38% and a specificity of 100%. The sensitivity of the combination assay of quantitative polymerase chain reaction plus galactomannan was significantly higher than that of GM test alone (71% vs 38%, p=0.03). Detection of the 5.8S rRNA fungal gene had significantly higher sensitivity than the 18S rRNA gene for samples from either source blood or serum. The combination of quantitative polymerase chain reaction plus galactomannan assay improved the diagnostic value of invasive fungal infections.
背景:需要非侵入性方法诊断侵袭性真菌感染，以改善这些感染的不良预后。我们进行这项研究是为了评估定量实时聚合酶链反应和半乳甘露聚糖在血液恶性肿瘤患者中的诊断价值。结果:确定了82例连续的癌症患者，并进行了为期3个月的前瞻性随访。采用扩增5.8S和18S rRNA真菌基因和半乳甘露聚糖两种引物的定量聚合酶链反应法对1540份血样进行分子检测，并与临床数据进行相关性分析。对于两种来源的样品，扩增5.8S rRNA真菌基因的敏感性显著高于扩增18S rRNA基因(血液样品:90% vs 50%， p=0.007;血清样本:64% vs 5%， p<0.001)。结论:半乳甘露聚糖单独使用时的敏感性为38%，特异性为100%。定量聚合酶链反应加半乳甘露聚糖联合检测的敏感性显著高于GM单独检测(71% vs 38%， p=0.03)。无论是源血还是血清，检测5.8S rRNA真菌基因的敏感性均显著高于18S rRNA基因。定量聚合酶链反应联合半乳甘露聚糖检测提高了侵袭性真菌感染的诊断价值。
{"title":"The Performance of Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Galactomannan for Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies","authors":"R. Reitzel","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000190","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-invasive methods to diagnose invasive fungal infections are needed to improve the poor outcome of these infections. We conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic values of quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and galactomannan in hematological malignancy patients. \u0000Results: Eighty-two consecutive patients with cancer were identified and prospectively followed for three \u0000months. Molecular testing using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay amplifying two primers 5.8S and 18S rRNA fungal genes and galactomannan was performed on 1540 blood samples and correlated with clinical data. Amplification of the 5.8S rRNA fungal gene had significantly higher sensitivity than amplification of the 18S rRNA gene for samples from either source (for blood samples: 90% vs 50%, p=0.007; for serum samples: 64% vs 5%, p<0.001). \u0000Conclusions: Galactomannan when used alone had a sensitivity of 38% and a specificity of 100%. The \u0000sensitivity of the combination assay of quantitative polymerase chain reaction plus galactomannan was significantly higher than that of GM test alone (71% vs 38%, p=0.03). Detection of the 5.8S rRNA fungal gene had significantly higher sensitivity than the 18S rRNA gene for samples from either source blood or serum. The combination of quantitative polymerase chain reaction plus galactomannan assay improved the diagnostic value of invasive fungal infections.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123363782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quorum sensing (QS) is an important process involved in bacterial survival and infections, recent research has focused on the development of therapeutic agents which prevent or manage bacterial pathogenesis by inhibiting bacterial QS. Inhibition of quorum sensing offers an alternative to antibiotic mediated bactericidal or bacteriostatic approach and reduces the risk for development of resistance. Inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing by attenuating the signals can prevent the development of bacterial and fungal virulence and successful establishment of infections. Understanding the quorum sensing inhibition activity of natural bioactive phytochemicals can lead to the discovery of novel compounds and development of more effective strategies in preventing and managing microbial infections. In this study the effect of Satureja khuzestanica extract, an endemic plant of Iran, on the expression level of QS gene in P. aeruginosa and A. baumanii were investigated.
{"title":"Gene Silencing with Herbal Compounds against Bacteria","authors":"Moradi Fateme, Esmaeili Davoud, Hossein Saghi, Parya Baban Zadeh","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"Quorum sensing (QS) is an important process involved in bacterial survival and infections, recent research has focused on the development of therapeutic agents which prevent or manage bacterial pathogenesis by inhibiting bacterial QS. Inhibition of quorum sensing offers an alternative to antibiotic mediated bactericidal or bacteriostatic approach and reduces the risk for development of resistance. Inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing by attenuating the signals can prevent the development of bacterial and fungal virulence and successful establishment of infections. Understanding the quorum sensing inhibition activity of natural bioactive phytochemicals can lead to the discovery of novel compounds and development of more effective strategies in preventing and managing microbial infections. In this study the effect of Satureja khuzestanica extract, an endemic plant of Iran, on the expression level of QS gene in P. aeruginosa and A. baumanii were investigated.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"371 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124648807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-22DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.S3-007
V. Orish, Ilechie A. Alex
Although blurred vision from quinine toxicity is well documented in literature, an acute effect leading to blindness is infrequently reported. We report a case of sudden bilateral blindness in a child after quinine treatment for severe malaria. Ocular examination revealed no acute pathology except widely dilated non-reactive pupils. The site within the retina of the toxic effect of quinine remains controversial. Literature on proposed mechanisms is reviewed in this article. This case highlights the potential toxic effects of quinine in children and the lack of a characteristic fundi appearance.
{"title":"Acute Blindness in a Child after Quinine treatment for Severe Malaria","authors":"V. Orish, Ilechie A. Alex","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.S3-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.S3-007","url":null,"abstract":"Although blurred vision from quinine toxicity is well documented in literature, an acute effect leading to blindness is infrequently reported. We report a case of sudden bilateral blindness in a child after quinine treatment for severe malaria. Ocular examination revealed no acute pathology except widely dilated non-reactive pupils. The site within the retina of the toxic effect of quinine remains controversial. Literature on proposed mechanisms is reviewed in this article. This case highlights the potential toxic effects of quinine in children and the lack of a characteristic fundi appearance.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133298947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-09DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000195
P. Bhardwaj, Kalpana Rana, Harpreet, Er, Praveen Bh, Ari, V. Prabha
Purpose: Establishment of a male Balb/c mouse model to study the role of sperm immobilizing E. coli with or without alcohol on mouse reproductive potential. Materials and Methods: The mice in the experimental groups were intraperitoneally administered with different doses (104, 106 or 108 cfu) of sperm immobilizing E. coli alone or in combination with alcohol and as control group alcohol alone or PBS for 10 consecutive days. The groups were evaluated for change in body weight, seminal parameters, bacterial load and histopathological changes. Results: Weight gain was observed only in mice receiving PBS, whereas there was decrease in weight in all the groups except the group receiving 104 cfu where weight remained constant. No significant change in tissue somatic index was observed in any group. Reduced motility and viability was noticed in all groups except group receiving PBS. Decapitation was observed in groups instilled with 104 cfu and 104 cfu along with alcohol. Seminal parameters could not be evaluated due to non-specific aggregation of sperms in group administered with 106 and 108 cfu alone as well as with alcohol. Histopathological studies of testes showed very few mature spermatozoa and maturation arrest at later stage in all groups except PBS group. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal inoculation with sperm immobilizing E. coli with or without alcohol consumption could lead to alteration of semen parameters, induction of decapitation in spermatozoa, thereby decreasing the reproductive potential of male mice.
{"title":"Sperm-Impairing Escherichia coli, Alcohol and Male Infertility: An In Vivo Study","authors":"P. Bhardwaj, Kalpana Rana, Harpreet, Er, Praveen Bh, Ari, V. Prabha","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Establishment of a male Balb/c mouse model to study the role of sperm immobilizing E. coli with or without alcohol on mouse reproductive potential. \u0000Materials and Methods: The mice in the experimental groups were intraperitoneally administered with different doses (104, 106 or 108 cfu) of sperm immobilizing E. coli alone or in combination with alcohol and as control group alcohol alone or PBS for 10 consecutive days. The groups were evaluated for change in body weight, seminal parameters, bacterial load and histopathological changes. \u0000Results: Weight gain was observed only in mice receiving PBS, whereas there was decrease in weight in all the groups except the group receiving 104 cfu where weight remained constant. No significant change in tissue somatic index was observed in any group. Reduced motility and viability was noticed in all groups except group receiving PBS. Decapitation was observed in groups instilled with 104 cfu and 104 cfu along with alcohol. Seminal parameters could not be evaluated due to non-specific aggregation of sperms in group administered with 106 and 108 cfu alone as well as with alcohol. Histopathological studies of testes showed very few mature spermatozoa and maturation arrest at later stage in all groups except PBS group. \u0000Conclusion: Intraperitoneal inoculation with sperm immobilizing E. coli with or without alcohol consumption could lead to alteration of semen parameters, induction of decapitation in spermatozoa, thereby decreasing the reproductive potential of male mice.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116896854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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