Pub Date : 2015-06-06DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000193
Károly Péter Sárvári, S. Zolyomi, G. Ágoston, G. Terhes, H. Gavallér, T. Forster, A. Varga, E. Urbán
Acute myocarditis is an inflammatory disease with a quite broad range of consequences caused mostly by viruses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) rarely causes acute myocarditis. A 19-year-old healthy man with sudden epigastrial and chest pain was admitted to hospital. Laboratory investigations suspected acute myocardial infarct, but MRI and echocardiography showed myocardial oedema as part of inflammation. In his past medical history, toxic exposition and travelling abroad could not be recorded. PCR investigations of the most common viruses causing acute myocarditis gave negative results, but positive EBV anti-VCA IgM, and later sero conversion could be detected and simultaneously, a typical mononucleosis proved the aetiological role of EBV. After a 3-week-long high dose NSAID therapy on the basis of beta-blocker and ACE-inhibitor therapy, on control MRI oedema disappeared, but electrocardiography was still positive, the patient with satisfying general status was discharged home. On the 6 month control MRI, neither any signs of myocarditis, nor decreased systolic ejection fraction were noted, and also ECG turned negative.
{"title":"A Rare Case of Acute Myocarditis","authors":"Károly Péter Sárvári, S. Zolyomi, G. Ágoston, G. Terhes, H. Gavallér, T. Forster, A. Varga, E. Urbán","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myocarditis is an inflammatory disease with a quite broad range of consequences caused mostly by viruses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) rarely causes acute myocarditis. A 19-year-old healthy man with sudden epigastrial and chest pain was admitted to hospital. Laboratory investigations suspected acute myocardial infarct, but MRI and echocardiography showed myocardial oedema as part of inflammation. In his past medical history, toxic exposition and travelling abroad could not be recorded. PCR investigations of the most common viruses causing acute myocarditis gave negative results, but positive EBV anti-VCA IgM, and later sero conversion could be detected and simultaneously, a typical mononucleosis proved the aetiological role of EBV. After a 3-week-long high dose NSAID therapy on the basis of beta-blocker and ACE-inhibitor therapy, on control MRI oedema disappeared, but electrocardiography was still positive, the patient with satisfying general status was discharged home. On the 6 month control MRI, neither any signs of myocarditis, nor decreased systolic ejection fraction were noted, and also ECG turned negative.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116579372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-06DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000194
S. To, G. Siu, K. Wong, K. Chan, K. Yuen, Hon-Man Ng, W. Yam
Conventional treatment for chronic HCV infection relies on the combination of peg-interferon and ribavirin therapy. Both interleukin-28B (IL-28B) polymorphisms and HCV genotypes serve as the strongest predictive values for therapeutic prognosis. The treatment regimens for HIV/HCV co-infected patients are more complex and dependent on various host immune and viral factors. A rapid and cost-effective IL-28B genotyping tool is therefore crucial to assist clinicians on better patient management. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a newly developed HybProbe duplex real-time PCR assay in detecting IL-28B polymorphisms on rs12979860 and rs8099917, and to estimate the prevalence of IL-28B polymorphisms among HIV/HCV co-infected patients in Hong Kong. A total of 88 HIV/HCV co-infected patients were recruited at the Integrated Treatment Centre during 2009 to 2014. IL- 28B polymorphisms on rs12979860 and rs8099917 were determined by an in-house HybProbe assay with melting curve analysis. For assay evaluation, IL-28B polymorphisms of 46 samples with diverse HIV/HCV genotypes were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Both in-house HybProbe assay and sequencing results for IL28B polymorphisms determination were completely concordant. Among the 88 HIV/HCV co-infected, the frequency of rs12979860 wildtype (C/C) was 88.6%, heterozygous mutant (C/T) was 9.1% and remaining 2.3% homozygous mutant (T/T). The prevalence of IL-28B polymorphisms in rs8099917 was slightly differed, which had 90.9% wild-type (T/T), 6.8% heterozygous mutant (G/T) and 2.3% homozygous mutant (G/G). This novel duplex assay could allow clinicians to make early decision on treatment option for HIV/HCV co-infected patients by detecting rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms simultaneously.
{"title":"Utilization of a Duplex HybProbe Real-Time PCR to Detect and Estimate IL-28B Polymorphisms Prevalence among HIV/HCV Co-infected Patients in Hong Kong","authors":"S. To, G. Siu, K. Wong, K. Chan, K. Yuen, Hon-Man Ng, W. Yam","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional treatment for chronic HCV infection relies on the combination of peg-interferon and ribavirin therapy. Both interleukin-28B (IL-28B) polymorphisms and HCV genotypes serve as the strongest predictive values for therapeutic prognosis. The treatment regimens for HIV/HCV co-infected patients are more complex and dependent on various host immune and viral factors. A rapid and cost-effective IL-28B genotyping tool is therefore crucial to assist clinicians on better patient management. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a newly developed HybProbe duplex real-time PCR assay in detecting IL-28B polymorphisms on rs12979860 and rs8099917, and to estimate the prevalence of IL-28B polymorphisms among HIV/HCV co-infected patients in Hong Kong. A total of 88 HIV/HCV co-infected patients were recruited at the Integrated Treatment Centre during 2009 to 2014. IL- 28B polymorphisms on rs12979860 and rs8099917 were determined by an in-house HybProbe assay with melting curve analysis. For assay evaluation, IL-28B polymorphisms of 46 samples with diverse HIV/HCV genotypes were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Both in-house HybProbe assay and sequencing results for IL28B polymorphisms determination were completely concordant. Among the 88 HIV/HCV co-infected, the frequency of rs12979860 wildtype (C/C) was 88.6%, heterozygous mutant (C/T) was 9.1% and remaining 2.3% homozygous mutant (T/T). The prevalence of IL-28B polymorphisms in rs8099917 was slightly differed, which had 90.9% wild-type (T/T), 6.8% heterozygous mutant (G/T) and 2.3% homozygous mutant (G/G). This novel duplex assay could allow clinicians to make early decision on treatment option for HIV/HCV co-infected patients by detecting rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"430 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121706401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-31DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000191
B. Fouzia, Shahnila Ali, S. Gyaneshwari
A 60 year old male presented with frequent episodes of nasal obstruction and epistaxis since 1 year. Strawberry appearance mass was observed in the left nostril, suspected to be rhinosporidiosis. Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous, infective disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi having been known for more than hundred years. The lesion produces bulky, friable mucosal polyps commonly in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. He gave history of bathing in ponds. He was treated by local surgical excision.
{"title":"Nasal Rhinosporidiosis: A Case Study","authors":"B. Fouzia, Shahnila Ali, S. Gyaneshwari","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000191","url":null,"abstract":"A 60 year old male presented with frequent episodes of nasal obstruction and epistaxis since 1 year. Strawberry appearance mass was observed in the left nostril, suspected to be rhinosporidiosis. Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous, infective disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi having been known for more than hundred years. The lesion produces bulky, friable mucosal polyps commonly in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. He gave history of bathing in ponds. He was treated by local surgical excision.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"294 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121266987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-28DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000189
Moyen Uddin Pkm
Type I IFNs is vital for host defense against viral and bacterial infections. In addition, type I IFNs are also acknowledged to be involved in many immunoregulatory processes, such as NK cell activation and proliferation/survival of CD8+ T cells.
{"title":"Role of USP 18 in Immune Response to Chronic Viral Infection","authors":"Moyen Uddin Pkm","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000189","url":null,"abstract":"Type I IFNs is vital for host defense against viral and bacterial infections. In addition, type I IFNs are also acknowledged to be involved in many immunoregulatory processes, such as NK cell activation and proliferation/survival of CD8+ T cells.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130531537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-28DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000192
S. Solomon, Y. Asmare, Bekele Taddesse, Shewalem Negah, Yeshiwendem Mamuye, Berehanu Yitayew, Z. Yaregal, Ephrem Tesfaye, A. Kebede
Background: There is evidence that symptom screening for TB in HIV positive individuals misses the appropriate investigative procedures to confirm for proper diagnosing of TB. High value should be placed in ensuring that TB is diagnosed early in HIV positive individuals, which have an increased likelihood of having undetected TB and high risk of poor health outcomes in the absence of early diagnosis and treatment. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of TB among HIV positive individuals with asymptomatic states at St. Paul’s Hospital millennium Medical College Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August, 2014 at SPHMMC. The study included 95 (34 male and 61 female) HIV positive individuals with no TB symptoms (current cough, fever, night sweat, and weight loss). Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical related data. The prevalence of TB was determined on the basis of AFB, Xpert MTB/RIF findings and diagnosis with chest X-ray. Result: Out of the 95 participants, the prevalence of undiagnosed Tuberculosis among asymptomatic HIVpatients was 1.1%. The socio-demographic characteristics and related risk factors were not significantly associated with TB finding rate by smear positive and Xpert assay. Our finding also showed a 27% abnormal chest X- ray suggestive of TB. In these HIV positive participants, presence of a patient with previous TB history was significantly abnormal by chest X-ray finding than a patient without TB history. Conclusion: The present finding of asymptomatic undiagnosed Pulmonary TB among HIV-patient is 1.1% (both with AFB and Xpert) in the study area. This showed there is a chance of transmissions of TB to contacts before the proper diagnosis and treatment is made. While the symptom screening algorithm missed the 1.1% TB cases, the AFB technique was able to detect the asymptomatic and missed TB case that was also detected by Xpert assay. TB control programs must consider TB disease prevalence when estimating the possible performance of any screening algorithm. National TB control program should weigh the risks, benefits and cost of screening all asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infected individuals for TB by Xpert assay.
{"title":"Prevalence of Tuberculosis among HIV Positive Individuals withAsymptomatic Disease States at St. PaulâÂÂs Hospital Millennium MedicalCollege, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"S. Solomon, Y. Asmare, Bekele Taddesse, Shewalem Negah, Yeshiwendem Mamuye, Berehanu Yitayew, Z. Yaregal, Ephrem Tesfaye, A. Kebede","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is evidence that symptom screening for TB in HIV positive individuals misses the appropriate investigative procedures to confirm for proper diagnosing of TB. High value should be placed in ensuring that TB is diagnosed early in HIV positive individuals, which have an increased likelihood of having undetected TB and high risk of poor health outcomes in the absence of early diagnosis and treatment. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of TB among HIV positive individuals with asymptomatic states at St. Paul’s Hospital millennium Medical College Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August, 2014 at SPHMMC. The study included 95 (34 male and 61 female) HIV positive individuals with no TB symptoms (current cough, fever, night sweat, and weight loss). Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical related data. The prevalence of TB was determined on the basis of AFB, Xpert MTB/RIF findings and diagnosis with chest X-ray. Result: Out of the 95 participants, the prevalence of undiagnosed Tuberculosis among asymptomatic HIVpatients was 1.1%. The socio-demographic characteristics and related risk factors were not significantly associated with TB finding rate by smear positive and Xpert assay. Our finding also showed a 27% abnormal chest X- ray suggestive of TB. In these HIV positive participants, presence of a patient with previous TB history was significantly abnormal by chest X-ray finding than a patient without TB history. Conclusion: The present finding of asymptomatic undiagnosed Pulmonary TB among HIV-patient is 1.1% (both with AFB and Xpert) in the study area. This showed there is a chance of transmissions of TB to contacts before the proper diagnosis and treatment is made. While the symptom screening algorithm missed the 1.1% TB cases, the AFB technique was able to detect the asymptomatic and missed TB case that was also detected by Xpert assay. TB control programs must consider TB disease prevalence when estimating the possible performance of any screening algorithm. National TB control program should weigh the risks, benefits and cost of screening all asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infected individuals for TB by Xpert assay.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123570704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-30DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000187
Ogah Jo, Adekunle Oc, Adegoke Aa
Food borne diseases/illnesses (food borne infections) are global public health problem both in developed and developing countries such as Nigeria. Food handlers play an important role in the transmission of food-borne diseases. This research work is aimed to determine the prevalence of salmonellosis among food handlers and its implications on the health of food consumers in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. Two hundred and thirty five (235) blood samples were collected into EDTA bottles from the food handlers at various locations in Victoria Island (Lagos Island) and Bariga (Lagos mainland) which were analyzed using standard methods. Questionnaires were distributed and collated among 235 respondents (food handlers) to test their knowledge on food safety. The results showed that 74 (31.5%) of the studied population had either previous or recent Salmonella infection as indicated by IgG and IgM anti-Salmonella immunoglobulin while 161 (68.5%) had neither recent nor previous infection. Ninety three (93) respondents were males while One hundred and forty two (142) were females of active working age bracket of 11- 60 years old. Among 93 males screened, 26(28.0%) were infected, 67(72.0%) were not infected while 48(33.8%) females were infected out of 142 females screened for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi infections. Regression and T-test statistical analysis reviewed that since F cal>F tab (1.776>0.969) and t cal>t tab (6.5>5.0), it can be concluded that food handlers were not responsible for food borne infections but potential risk factors in Lagos, Southwest, Nigeria.
{"title":"Prevalence of Salmonellosis among Food Handlers and the Health Implications on the Food Consumers in Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"Ogah Jo, Adekunle Oc, Adegoke Aa","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Food borne diseases/illnesses (food borne infections) are global public health problem both in developed and developing countries such as Nigeria. Food handlers play an important role in the transmission of food-borne diseases. This research work is aimed to determine the prevalence of salmonellosis among food handlers and its implications on the health of food consumers in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. Two hundred and thirty five (235) blood samples were collected into EDTA bottles from the food handlers at various locations in Victoria Island (Lagos Island) and Bariga (Lagos mainland) which were analyzed using standard methods. Questionnaires were distributed and collated among 235 respondents (food handlers) to test their knowledge on food safety. The results showed that 74 (31.5%) of the studied population had either previous or recent Salmonella infection as indicated by IgG and IgM anti-Salmonella immunoglobulin while 161 (68.5%) had neither recent nor previous infection. Ninety three (93) respondents were males while One hundred and forty two (142) were females of active working age bracket of 11- 60 years old. Among 93 males screened, 26(28.0%) were infected, 67(72.0%) were not infected while 48(33.8%) females were infected out of 142 females screened for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi infections. Regression and T-test statistical analysis reviewed that since F cal>F tab (1.776>0.969) and t cal>t tab (6.5>5.0), it can be concluded that food handlers were not responsible for food borne infections but potential risk factors in Lagos, Southwest, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133902908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-26DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000186
Silva Dfl, Arruda Lmf, Silva Nf, Sagica Fes, Moraes Mm, Jr Jlsa, Santos Tvr, Medeiros Rs
Introduction: With the increase in prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the world, infection by CMV became a serious public health problem because of the immunodeficiency caused by HIV and the reduction of TCD4+ cells. Objective: Clinical-epidemiological and laboratory aspects of patients were evaluated, which were admitted in a public hospital in the Amazon Region, Belem-Para, Brazil. Methods: We collected clinical and epidemiological data by questionnaires and medical records, and whole blood for detection of anti-CMV antibodies by ELISA; and the method of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Real Time (qPCR) for detecting viral load. Results: The socioeconomic data indicated high frequency of individuals with incomplete level of basic education (35.3%) and low income (57.7%). Important comorbidities were found by using medical records; pulmonary tuberculosis (19.9%), toxoplasmosis (19.5%), extrapulmonary tuberculosis (14.5%) and diarrheal syndrome (14.1%) occurred more frequently. According to the serological analysis it was observed that only 2.1 of patients had acute infection profile ( IgG+IgM+), while in qPCR more than 50% of patients had high viral load (M =107,479.48 copies/ ml). During this study, 49 patients died, 63.3% were co-infected by HIV/CMV detected using molecular method. It was observed the highest occurrence of CMV-infected individuals when the TCD4 lymphocytes were <100cells/mm3. There were significant differences between molecular data and serological results (Z=12.98, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Molecular methods are the most appropriate technique to help in the clinical diagnosis of secondary CMV infection in immunodeficiencies and the reduction of CD4+<100/mm³ cells is an important risk factor that predisposes people with HIV/AIDS to opportunistic infections.
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000184
S. Solomon, S. Gebreselassie, Berhanu Yitayew, A. Kebede
There is a need for rapid, practical and accurate tuberculosis diagnostic tools that are adapted to resource-poor settings in order to ensure that those affected receive proper and timely treatment. Light-Emitting-Diode microscopy (LED) has recently been endorsed by the WHO for diagnosis of TB in these countries. A much recent smear diagnosis method, PREVI Fluo TB by using LED microscopy, has been made available. However, due to the novelty of the method, there is no information available on the specificity and sensitivity when compared to established methods such as the ordinary LED-Auramine O or the classical widely used Ziehl- Neelsen (ZN) in TB positive persons. This study was undertaken to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PREVI Fluo TB stain with ZN method and Auramine O-LED microscopy taking culture as reference. A prospective cross sectional study was conducted in St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Spot- Morning-Spot sputum samples from 248 TB suspected study participants were collected. The smear detection rate of PREVI Fluo TB, ZN, Auramine O and culture were found to be 35 (14.1%), 24(9.7%), 44(17.7%) and 30(12.1%) respectively. The sensitivity of the PREVI Fluo TB method was 76.67%, better than ZN and slightly less than Auramine O which were 59.07% and 78.13% respectively. Nevertheless, the specificity (94.5%) was lower than ZN (96.79%) and higher than Auramine O (91.2%). The negative likelihood ratio of PREVI Fluo TB, ZN, and Auramine O methods were 0.25, 0.45, and 0.24 respectively. The PREVI Fluo TB method had a PPV of 65.71% which is higher than the Auramine O (56.82%) but with a comparable NPV (96.71% and 96.57% respectively). The respective agreements of the ZN, Auramine O and PREVI Fluo TB methods with the gold standard were K=0.585, K=0.621 and K=0.664. There was a substantial agreement of PREVI Fluo TB result with ZN (k=0.636) and Auramine O methods (K=0.745).Given the practical benefits of PREVI Fluo TB for TB diagnosis, and comparable accuracy to the current standard of Auramine O fluorescence method and the gold standard culture, PREVI Fluo TB should be considered by TB diagnostic laboratories, as an alternative diagnostic tool for conventional Auramine O fluorescent stain.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Performance of PREVI Fluo TB Method by Using LED-Microscopy","authors":"S. Solomon, S. Gebreselassie, Berhanu Yitayew, A. Kebede","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need for rapid, practical and accurate tuberculosis diagnostic tools that are adapted to resource-poor settings in order to ensure that those affected receive proper and timely treatment. Light-Emitting-Diode microscopy (LED) has recently been endorsed by the WHO for diagnosis of TB in these countries. A much recent smear diagnosis method, PREVI Fluo TB by using LED microscopy, has been made available. However, due to the novelty of the method, there is no information available on the specificity and sensitivity when compared to established methods such as the ordinary LED-Auramine O or the classical widely used Ziehl- Neelsen (ZN) in TB positive persons. This study was undertaken to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PREVI Fluo TB stain with ZN method and Auramine O-LED microscopy taking culture as reference. A prospective cross sectional study was conducted in St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Spot- Morning-Spot sputum samples from 248 TB suspected study participants were collected. The smear detection rate of PREVI Fluo TB, ZN, Auramine O and culture were found to be 35 (14.1%), 24(9.7%), 44(17.7%) and 30(12.1%) respectively. The sensitivity of the PREVI Fluo TB method was 76.67%, better than ZN and slightly less than Auramine O which were 59.07% and 78.13% respectively. Nevertheless, the specificity (94.5%) was lower than ZN (96.79%) and higher than Auramine O (91.2%). The negative likelihood ratio of PREVI Fluo TB, ZN, and Auramine O methods were 0.25, 0.45, and 0.24 respectively. The PREVI Fluo TB method had a PPV of 65.71% which is higher than the Auramine O (56.82%) but with a comparable NPV (96.71% and 96.57% respectively). The respective agreements of the ZN, Auramine O and PREVI Fluo TB methods with the gold standard were K=0.585, K=0.621 and K=0.664. There was a substantial agreement of PREVI Fluo TB result with ZN (k=0.636) and Auramine O methods (K=0.745).Given the practical benefits of PREVI Fluo TB for TB diagnosis, and comparable accuracy to the current standard of Auramine O fluorescence method and the gold standard culture, PREVI Fluo TB should be considered by TB diagnostic laboratories, as an alternative diagnostic tool for conventional Auramine O fluorescent stain.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132181002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-23DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000185
T. Aziz
Background: Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a member of Paramyxoviridae family. It is an important viral pathogen of respiratory tract infections among children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the incidence of hMPV infections among children less than 5 years of age with respiratory tract infections at the pediatric hospital in Sulaimani city of Iraq. Also, this study aims to evaluate the different diagnostic methods for the detection of this virus. Method: Nasopharyngeal swabs and throat swabs were collected from 300 hospitalized children with respiratory infections under 5 years of age between April 2011 and March 2012. Each sample was used for hMPV detection by conventional reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and direct fluorescent assay (DFA). A questionnaire which was designed for acute respiratory tract infections among hospitalized children was also included. Results: Human Metapneumovirus was detected in 16% by RT-PCR and 14.7% by DFA. Autumn – winter period was the most common season for hMPV infections with its peak occurrence in January and February. Conclusions: hMPV is an important pathogen associated with RTIs in children. RT-PCR is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of hMPV than antigen detection methods used for the diagnosis of hMPV viruses.
{"title":"Detection of Human Metapneumovirus in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Sulaimani Province, Iraq","authors":"T. Aziz","doi":"10.4172/2161-0703.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0703.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a member of Paramyxoviridae family. It is an important viral pathogen of respiratory tract infections among children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the incidence of hMPV infections among children less than 5 years of age with respiratory tract infections at the pediatric hospital in Sulaimani city of Iraq. Also, this study aims to evaluate the different diagnostic methods for the detection of this virus. \u0000Method: Nasopharyngeal swabs and throat swabs were collected from 300 hospitalized children with respiratory infections under 5 years of age between April 2011 and March 2012. Each sample was used for hMPV detection by conventional reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and direct fluorescent assay (DFA). A questionnaire which was designed for acute respiratory tract infections among hospitalized children was also included. \u0000Results: Human Metapneumovirus was detected in 16% by RT-PCR and 14.7% by DFA. Autumn – winter period was the most common season for hMPV infections with its peak occurrence in January and February. \u0000Conclusions: hMPV is an important pathogen associated with RTIs in children. RT-PCR is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of hMPV than antigen detection methods used for the diagnosis of hMPV viruses.","PeriodicalId":269971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127465669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000182
B. Fouzia, A. Damle
Aim: This study was carried out to determine the presence of TEM and SHV genes in extended- spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The study was also aimed to compare results of phenotypic confirmatory double disc diffusion test and genotypic methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 679 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were selected for the study from June 2012-December 2013. Kirby – Bauer disk diffusion method was performed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern. Screened for ESBL and confirmed by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT). 100 randomly selected isolates were investigated for the presence of TEM and SHV genes via Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two different sets of primers. Multiplex PCR was also performed for the same. Results: Phenotypic confirmatory test was able to detect ESBL production in 90.13% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Among the two ESBL genotypes, the most prevalent genotype was found to be TEM. Majority of ESBL producing isolates possess both ESBL genes. Conclusion: Multiplex PCR can be used as a rapid method to identify common genes (TEM and SHV) responsible for extended spectrum beta lactamase production in Klebsiella pneumoniae. It will prove valuable for surveillance and for determining the line of treatment against drug resistant organisms, thus saving precious time and resources. PCDDT results correlated with genotypic method in all the tested strains.
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