Pub Date : 1989-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.299
N. D. Cruz, I. Kumar, R. Kaushik, G. Khush
Thirty one rice varieties representing five amylose categorles were grown under four different controlled temperature conditions in the IRRI Phytotron to stucly the effect of temperature during grain development on the amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and gel consistency. Stability analysis revealed predominance of linear component of variety-temperature interaction for all the three components. In general the amylose content decreased with increasing temperature. All the variety in the waxy group and majority of those in high amylose group showed absence of variety-temperature interaction for amylose content. Varieties in the very low, Iow and intermediate categories were either responsive or unstable. Similarly for gelatinization temperature and gel consistency also a number of varieties showed absence of interaction with temperature, some were responsive and others unstable. Waxy varieties IR29 and Malagkit Sungsong and high amylose variety IR42 were found to exhibit no interaction with the temperature for all the three quality components. Implications of the study on breeding strategy are discussed.
{"title":"Effect of temperature during grain development on stability of cooking quality components in rice","authors":"N. D. Cruz, I. Kumar, R. Kaushik, G. Khush","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.299","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty one rice varieties representing five amylose categorles were grown under four different controlled temperature conditions in the IRRI Phytotron to stucly the effect of temperature during grain development on the amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and gel consistency. Stability analysis revealed predominance of linear component of variety-temperature interaction for all the three components. In general the amylose content decreased with increasing temperature. All the variety in the waxy group and majority of those in high amylose group showed absence of variety-temperature interaction for amylose content. Varieties in the very low, Iow and intermediate categories were either responsive or unstable. Similarly for gelatinization temperature and gel consistency also a number of varieties showed absence of interaction with temperature, some were responsive and others unstable. Waxy varieties IR29 and Malagkit Sungsong and high amylose variety IR42 were found to exhibit no interaction with the temperature for all the three quality components. Implications of the study on breeding strategy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116825939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.383
Chikako Kiribuchi, G. Takeda, T. Takano
Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) revealed that there was at least 3 types of high pI α-amylase multigene families in barley. It was estimated that the isozyme banding patterns detected by the isoelectric-focusing (IEF) method were not directly determined by these 3 types of structural genes, but affected by a regulatory gene (or part). It was assumed that there was a linkage between the structural genes and the regulatory gene, but new combinations of the structural gnes and the regulatory gene could be produced by genetic recombination. The bred lines with the new isozyme banding patterns may have resulted from the new combinations of the genes.
{"title":"RFLPs Analysis of High pI α-amylase Multigene Families, in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)","authors":"Chikako Kiribuchi, G. Takeda, T. Takano","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.383","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) revealed that there was at least 3 types of high pI α-amylase multigene families in barley. It was estimated that the isozyme banding patterns detected by the isoelectric-focusing (IEF) method were not directly determined by these 3 types of structural genes, but affected by a regulatory gene (or part). It was assumed that there was a linkage between the structural genes and the regulatory gene, but new combinations of the structural gnes and the regulatory gene could be produced by genetic recombination. The bred lines with the new isozyme banding patterns may have resulted from the new combinations of the genes.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133790634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.37.159
K. Yonezawa, Kanji Mamiya, P. Spetsov, K. Tsunewaki
{"title":"Increasing Genetic Variablility in Common Wheat by Utilizing Alien Cytoplasms : Characteristics of Nearly Fixed Alloplasmic Lines Selected in the Cross, Alloplasmic Norin 26 × Norin 61","authors":"K. Yonezawa, Kanji Mamiya, P. Spetsov, K. Tsunewaki","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.37.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.37.159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115688380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For practical use of F1 hybrid in Japonica rice it is necessary to increase natural out-crossing rate and seed set percentage on cytoplasmic male sterile lines in hybrid seed production field by reforming those floral characteristics which do not normally fit cross-pollination. Floral characteristics of some wild species and Indica cultivars of rice are estimated to fit natural outcrossing (OKA and MORISHIMA 1967, PARMAR et al. 1979a). Although introduction of these characteristics from wild rice or Indica to Japonica is one way of increasing natural outcrossing in Japonica rice, it is too difficult to introduce only these floral characteristics owing to the strong linkage between the floral characteristics and undesirable wild rice traits (IRRI 1985). In addition, Indica-Japonica hybrid shows hybrid sterility (MORINAGA 1968). Accbrdingly, we studied the ihtervarietal variations in the most important floral characteristics for increasing natural outcrossing viz. the number of protruding stigmas per spikelet and pstil length for seed parent, and the number of residual pollren at the anther protruding stage for pollen parent. The materials used in this experiment were Temperate (115 samples of 57 cultivars) and Tropical Japonica (18 samples of 18 cultivars) as shown in Table 1. The Temperate Japonica were classified into 14 improved cultivars and 43 local cultivars. The local cultivars were divided into group A and B. Group A means 16 cultivars which were those without femark rec6rded as "Matjiri", and group B meahs 85 samples qf 27 cultivars which were thbse with th same culrivar name and contained those with remark recorded as "Majiri". "Majiri" means contamintion. Natural outcrossin.g is considered as a cause of the occurente of the contamination.
为了使F1杂交种在粳稻上的实际应用，需要通过改造通常不适合异花授粉的花性状，提高杂交种生产领域细胞质雄性不育系的自然异交率和结实率。据估计，一些野生品种和籼稻品种的花系特征符合自然异交(OKA and MORISHIMA 1967, PARMAR et al. 1979a)。虽然将这些性状从野生稻或籼稻引入粳稻是增加粳稻自然异交的一种方式，但由于花性状与野生稻不良性状之间存在强烈的连锁关系，因此仅引入这些花性状是非常困难的(IRRI 1985)。此外，籼粳杂交种表现出杂交不育(MORINAGA 1968)。因此，我们研究了增加自然异交的最重要的花学特征，即种子亲本每穗突出柱头数和雌蕊长度，以及花粉亲本另一突出期残余花粉数的品种间变化。本试验选用的材料为温带粳稻(57个品种115份)和热带粳稻(18个品种18份)，如表1所示。将温带粳稻分为14个改良品种和43个地方品种。本地栽培品种分为A组和B组。A组为16个无标记为“马吉里”的品种，B组为27个品种中85个样品，其中有标记为“马吉里”的品种。“Majiri”的意思是污染。自然outcrossin。G被认为是污染发生的原因。
{"title":"Intervarietal variations of floral characteristics with special reference to F1 seed production in Japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"H. Kato, H. Namai","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.37.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.37.75","url":null,"abstract":"For practical use of F1 hybrid in Japonica rice it is necessary to increase natural out-crossing rate and seed set percentage on cytoplasmic male sterile lines in hybrid seed production field by reforming those floral characteristics which do not normally fit cross-pollination. Floral characteristics of some wild species and Indica cultivars of rice are estimated to fit natural outcrossing (OKA and MORISHIMA 1967, PARMAR et al. 1979a). Although introduction of these characteristics from wild rice or Indica to Japonica is one way of increasing natural outcrossing in Japonica rice, it is too difficult to introduce only these floral characteristics owing to the strong linkage between the floral characteristics and undesirable wild rice traits (IRRI 1985). In addition, Indica-Japonica hybrid shows hybrid sterility (MORINAGA 1968). Accbrdingly, we studied the ihtervarietal variations in the most important floral characteristics for increasing natural outcrossing viz. the number of protruding stigmas per spikelet and pstil length for seed parent, and the number of residual pollren at the anther protruding stage for pollen parent. The materials used in this experiment were Temperate (115 samples of 57 cultivars) and Tropical Japonica (18 samples of 18 cultivars) as shown in Table 1. The Temperate Japonica were classified into 14 improved cultivars and 43 local cultivars. The local cultivars were divided into group A and B. Group A means 16 cultivars which were those without femark rec6rded as \"Matjiri\", and group B meahs 85 samples qf 27 cultivars which were thbse with th same culrivar name and contained those with remark recorded as \"Majiri\". \"Majiri\" means contamintion. Natural outcrossin.g is considered as a cause of the occurente of the contamination.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130627312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.233
Toshihiko Yamada, H. Fukuoka
An ovule culture method was used to produce interspecific hybrids between kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. BIEB.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Culture of fertilized ovules from the cross hexaploid T.ammguum (2n=6X=48)×diploid T.repens (2n=32) began 5 days after pollination. After 15∼20 days in culture, hybrid ovules were transferred to a fresh medium, where development into plants occurred. Four interspecific hybrid plants were established in soil. One of these plants has produced flowers. The morphology of the plant was generally intermediate. Root tip cells of the plant possessed the expected somatic chromosome number of 40. The plant possessed the major bands of leaf peroxidase and esterase isozymes derived from the staminate parent as well as from the pistillate parent. A virus assay on Chenopodium amaranticolor indicated that the plant was virus-free. However, it was highly sterile with the absence of viable pollen. The ovule culture method represents the successful production of Trifolium interspecific hybrids via some form of embryo rescue. It appears that this technique can be applied to other interspecific hybrid combinations in the Trifoliutn species.
{"title":"Production of Interspecific Hybrids between Trifolium ambiguum M.BIEB and T.repens L. by Ovule Culture","authors":"Toshihiko Yamada, H. Fukuoka","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.233","url":null,"abstract":"An ovule culture method was used to produce interspecific hybrids between kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. BIEB.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Culture of fertilized ovules from the cross hexaploid T.ammguum (2n=6X=48)×diploid T.repens (2n=32) began 5 days after pollination. After 15∼20 days in culture, hybrid ovules were transferred to a fresh medium, where development into plants occurred. Four interspecific hybrid plants were established in soil. One of these plants has produced flowers. The morphology of the plant was generally intermediate. Root tip cells of the plant possessed the expected somatic chromosome number of 40. The plant possessed the major bands of leaf peroxidase and esterase isozymes derived from the staminate parent as well as from the pistillate parent. A virus assay on Chenopodium amaranticolor indicated that the plant was virus-free. However, it was highly sterile with the absence of viable pollen. The ovule culture method represents the successful production of Trifolium interspecific hybrids via some form of embryo rescue. It appears that this technique can be applied to other interspecific hybrid combinations in the Trifoliutn species.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122496014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.262
K. Yonezawa, Nobuo Tatematsu, P. Spetsov, K. Tsunewaki
Cytoplasmic effects of the four Aegilops species, i.e., Ae.squarrosa, Ae.kotschyi, Ae.speltoides and Ae.longissima, on the genetic variability of agronomic characters of wheat were investi**ated using a total of 460 F3 lines which were randomly derived from the cross combinations of allo- and euplasmic Norin 26 with euplasmic Norin 61. It was observed, coincidently with the trend observed in the F2 populations (TSUNEWAKI et al. 1985), that cytoplasm of Ae.kotschyi caused the most prominent effect. The cytoplasm increased, statistically significantly and/or consistently with the F2 result, the genetic variability of the seven out of ten characters examined. Cytoplasm of Ae.speltoides showed the second most appreciable effect, enlarging the genetic variability of the length of internodes, culm and spike. Cytoplasmic effects of Ae.squarrosa and Ae.longissima were neither distinct nor desirable. The principal component analysis revealed that none of the alien cytoplasms tested substantially modified the phase or structure of character association, though they more or less changed the genetic variability of individual characters. Cytoplasms with a larger genetic distance from wheat cytoplasm (TSUNEWAKI 1980) caused a wider range of effects, suggesting that new and desirable nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions may occur in a combination of relatively distantly related cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes rather than closely related ones.
四种黄颡鱼的细胞质效应。squarrosa, Ae。kotschyi, Ae。蛭形蝇和Ae。短句来源以随机获得的460个F3系为材料，对小麦农艺性状的遗传变异进行了研究。这460个F3系是由同型和常浆norin26与常浆norin61杂交组合而成。与在F2种群中观察到的趋势一致(TSUNEWAKI et al. 1985)，伊蚊的细胞质。Kotschyi的影响最为显著。10个性状中有7个性状的遗传变异性显著增加，且与F2结果一致。Ae.胞质。球茎的效应次之，扩大了节间、秆和穗的遗传变异。Ae的细胞质效应。沙刺和沙刺;Longissima既不独特，也不可取。主成分分析表明，虽然外源细胞质或多或少地改变了个体性状的遗传变异，但它们都没有实质性地改变性状关联的阶段或结构。与小麦细胞质遗传距离较大的细胞质(TSUNEWAKI 1980)引起了更广泛的影响，这表明新的和理想的核-细胞质相互作用可能发生在相对较远的细胞质基因组和核基因组的组合中，而不是密切相关的基因组。
{"title":"Increasing genetic variability in common wheat by utilizing alien cytoplasms - effects of four Aegilops cytoplasms on the genetic variability of the F3 generation of the cross, Norin 26 × Norin 61.","authors":"K. Yonezawa, Nobuo Tatematsu, P. Spetsov, K. Tsunewaki","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.262","url":null,"abstract":"Cytoplasmic effects of the four Aegilops species, i.e., Ae.squarrosa, Ae.kotschyi, Ae.speltoides and Ae.longissima, on the genetic variability of agronomic characters of wheat were investi**ated using a total of 460 F3 lines which were randomly derived from the cross combinations of allo- and euplasmic Norin 26 with euplasmic Norin 61. It was observed, coincidently with the trend observed in the F2 populations (TSUNEWAKI et al. 1985), that cytoplasm of Ae.kotschyi caused the most prominent effect. The cytoplasm increased, statistically significantly and/or consistently with the F2 result, the genetic variability of the seven out of ten characters examined. Cytoplasm of Ae.speltoides showed the second most appreciable effect, enlarging the genetic variability of the length of internodes, culm and spike. Cytoplasmic effects of Ae.squarrosa and Ae.longissima were neither distinct nor desirable. The principal component analysis revealed that none of the alien cytoplasms tested substantially modified the phase or structure of character association, though they more or less changed the genetic variability of individual characters. Cytoplasms with a larger genetic distance from wheat cytoplasm (TSUNEWAKI 1980) caused a wider range of effects, suggesting that new and desirable nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions may occur in a combination of relatively distantly related cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes rather than closely related ones.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129914439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intragenotypic varlability of a quantitative character can be measured in two ways : (1) variation of mean phenotype to different enviornments and known. as phenotypic plasticity. The latter is generally attributed to developmental instability which is assumed to be due to accidents in the developmental processes of individual plants and unrelated to external environmental conditions. The genetic analysis of the intragenotypic variability for plant height was carried out by mea.ns of complete diallel crosses of six inbred lines in rustica tobacco (Nicotiana rustica L.) under seven conditions. The magnitude of inter-plant variation of plant height was estimated from standard deviation within plot.
数量性状的显型内变异可以用两种方法来衡量:(1)平均表型对不同环境和已知环境的变异。表现型可塑性。后者通常归因于发育不稳定，这被认为是由于单个植物发育过程中的意外事件，与外部环境条件无关。采用遗传分析方法对株高的种内变异进行遗传分析。在7种条件下，对俄罗斯烟草(Nicotiana rustica L.) 6个自交系的完全双列杂交进行了研究。利用样地内的标准差估计株高的株际变异幅度。
{"title":"Diallel Analysis of Genotype-Environment Interaction for Phenotypic Expressions of a Quantitative Character in Nicotiana rustica L.","authors":"H. Miura, Y. Shimamoto, C. Tsuda","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.54","url":null,"abstract":"The intragenotypic varlability of a quantitative character can be measured in two ways : (1) variation of mean phenotype to different enviornments and known. as phenotypic plasticity. The latter is generally attributed to developmental instability which is assumed to be due to accidents in the developmental processes of individual plants and unrelated to external environmental conditions. The genetic analysis of the intragenotypic variability for plant height was carried out by mea.ns of complete diallel crosses of six inbred lines in rustica tobacco (Nicotiana rustica L.) under seven conditions. The magnitude of inter-plant variation of plant height was estimated from standard deviation within plot.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131756415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photosynthetic efficiencies of rice under humid and dry conditions, as affected by varietal difference in leaf areal nitrogen content","authors":"S. Tsunoda, M. Singh","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123418056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-12-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.35.429
W. Marubashi, T. Nakajima
Interspecific hybrids between Nicotiana tabacum (=) and N.rustica can not be obtained by conventional crossing because of cross-incompatibilit.y. Two techniques, test-tube pollination and ovule culture, were combined to overcome cross-incompatible combination. Whole placentae with intact ovules of N.tabacum were pollinated in vitro by dusting pollen grains of N.rustica. Developed ovules were excised from the placentae and transferred to ovule culture. Finally, 12 hybrid plants were obtained by the combination of these two techniques. The hybrid plants were intermediate between their parents in their morphological appearance and had 48 chromosomes which were the additive sum of the haploid chromosomes of the parents. They failed to produce fertile pollen and were completely self-sterile. A fertile chromosome-doubled hybrid was obtained by colchicine treatment. From the results, it is considered that the combination of two techniques, test-tube pollination and ovule culture, is useful for overcoming cross-incompatibility between distantly related species.
{"title":"Overcoming Cross-incompatibility between Nicotiana tabacum L. and N.rustica L. by Test-tube Pollination and Ovule Culture","authors":"W. Marubashi, T. Nakajima","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.35.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.35.429","url":null,"abstract":"Interspecific hybrids between Nicotiana tabacum (=) and N.rustica can not be obtained by conventional crossing because of cross-incompatibilit.y. Two techniques, test-tube pollination and ovule culture, were combined to overcome cross-incompatible combination. Whole placentae with intact ovules of N.tabacum were pollinated in vitro by dusting pollen grains of N.rustica. Developed ovules were excised from the placentae and transferred to ovule culture. Finally, 12 hybrid plants were obtained by the combination of these two techniques. The hybrid plants were intermediate between their parents in their morphological appearance and had 48 chromosomes which were the additive sum of the haploid chromosomes of the parents. They failed to produce fertile pollen and were completely self-sterile. A fertile chromosome-doubled hybrid was obtained by colchicine treatment. From the results, it is considered that the combination of two techniques, test-tube pollination and ovule culture, is useful for overcoming cross-incompatibility between distantly related species.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125011241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-12-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.35.390
K. Aruga, T. Nakajima
In order to define the role of anther on the pollen embryogenesis in anther culture of tobacco, the presence or absence of starch granules, amount of soluble sugars and content of free amino acids in cultured anthers were investigated through comparing with those in in vivo anthers. Starch granules in the tissues of cultured anthers disappeared rapidly, and the amount of soluble sugars also decreased soon after the onset of culture. Only a very small amount of soluble sugars was detected during the first 6 days of culture although sucrose was supplemented to the medium. On the 8th day of anther culture, the amount of soluble sugars, especially sucrose increased. It is known that pollen embryogenesis of tobacco can be induced under condition of sugar starvation in the culture medium. These results indicate that in the initial period of culture, the conchtions of the anther loculus are favorable for the induction of pollen embryogenesis. From the results of free amino acid analysis of cultured anthers, it was revealed that large amounts of glutamine and asparagine were present in cultured anthers on the 10 th day of culture when cell division leading to embryo formation began in cultured anther, although no amino acid was supplemented to the medium. It has been reported that certain amino acids such as glutamine and asparagine were essential to undergo cell dlvision leading to embryo formation from pollen grains of tobacco. Therefore, the results indicate that the amino acids required for embryo formation are supplied to pollen grains by cultured anthers. The present results revealed that the factors required for the process of pollen embryogenesis were successively provided to pollen grains by cultured anthers. It is concluded that satisfactory conditions of cultured anthers are the key points of the efficient formation of pollen embryos in anther culture of tobacco.
{"title":"Role of Anther on Pollen Embryogenesis in Anther Culture of Nicotiana tabacum L.","authors":"K. Aruga, T. Nakajima","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.35.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.35.390","url":null,"abstract":"In order to define the role of anther on the pollen embryogenesis in anther culture of tobacco, the presence or absence of starch granules, amount of soluble sugars and content of free amino acids in cultured anthers were investigated through comparing with those in in vivo anthers. Starch granules in the tissues of cultured anthers disappeared rapidly, and the amount of soluble sugars also decreased soon after the onset of culture. Only a very small amount of soluble sugars was detected during the first 6 days of culture although sucrose was supplemented to the medium. On the 8th day of anther culture, the amount of soluble sugars, especially sucrose increased. It is known that pollen embryogenesis of tobacco can be induced under condition of sugar starvation in the culture medium. These results indicate that in the initial period of culture, the conchtions of the anther loculus are favorable for the induction of pollen embryogenesis. From the results of free amino acid analysis of cultured anthers, it was revealed that large amounts of glutamine and asparagine were present in cultured anthers on the 10 th day of culture when cell division leading to embryo formation began in cultured anther, although no amino acid was supplemented to the medium. It has been reported that certain amino acids such as glutamine and asparagine were essential to undergo cell dlvision leading to embryo formation from pollen grains of tobacco. Therefore, the results indicate that the amino acids required for embryo formation are supplied to pollen grains by cultured anthers. The present results revealed that the factors required for the process of pollen embryogenesis were successively provided to pollen grains by cultured anthers. It is concluded that satisfactory conditions of cultured anthers are the key points of the efficient formation of pollen embryos in anther culture of tobacco.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130459104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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