Seed polymorphism of Echinochloa weeds in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which has a critical function for the paddy weeds to germinate under flooding, was studied in the 196 individual accessions of the paddy and upland weeds collected in natural populations. The ADH zymograms detected in seeds were highly polymorphic and classified into five types; A3, A1A2A3, A1A3A5, A3A4A5 and A1A2A3A4A5. The majority of each species and varieties had a specific zymogram; E. oryzicoloa, A1A2A3; E. crus-gall var. formosensis, A1A2A3A4A5; E. crus-gell var. praticoloa. A3. E. crus-galli var. crus-galli having a widespread habitat had somewhat varied zymograms. The F1 seeds obtained from reciprocal crosses between E. crus-galli var. formosensis (A1A2A3A4A5, a paddy weed) and var. praticola (A3, an upland weed) had A1A2A3A4A5, and the observed segregation ratios of the F2 seeds derived by selfing F1 plants fitted to the two gene segregation mode of 9:3:3:1 for A1A2A3A4A5:A1A2A3:A3A4A5:A3. No distinct relationship was found between anaerobic seed germinability and ADH zymograrns of Echinochloa weeds collected in the natural populations. None of the accessions with A3, however, showed anaerobic germinability whereas the others with either A1A2A3 or A1A2A3A4A5 did in E. crus-galli var. praticola.
{"title":"Alcohol dehydrogenase zymogram, its inheritance and anaerobic germinability of seeds of Echinochloa weeds","authors":"Y. Yamasue, T. Tanisaka, T. Kusanagi","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.40.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.40.53","url":null,"abstract":"Seed polymorphism of Echinochloa weeds in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which has a critical function for the paddy weeds to germinate under flooding, was studied in the 196 individual accessions of the paddy and upland weeds collected in natural populations. The ADH zymograms detected in seeds were highly polymorphic and classified into five types; A3, A1A2A3, A1A3A5, A3A4A5 and A1A2A3A4A5. The majority of each species and varieties had a specific zymogram; E. oryzicoloa, A1A2A3; E. crus-gall var. formosensis, A1A2A3A4A5; E. crus-gell var. praticoloa. A3. E. crus-galli var. crus-galli having a widespread habitat had somewhat varied zymograms. The F1 seeds obtained from reciprocal crosses between E. crus-galli var. formosensis (A1A2A3A4A5, a paddy weed) and var. praticola (A3, an upland weed) had A1A2A3A4A5, and the observed segregation ratios of the F2 seeds derived by selfing F1 plants fitted to the two gene segregation mode of 9:3:3:1 for A1A2A3A4A5:A1A2A3:A3A4A5:A3. No distinct relationship was found between anaerobic seed germinability and ADH zymograrns of Echinochloa weeds collected in the natural populations. None of the accessions with A3, however, showed anaerobic germinability whereas the others with either A1A2A3 or A1A2A3A4A5 did in E. crus-galli var. praticola.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115197090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.365
T. Hoshino, N. Tomooka, Kimihira Fukunaga, H. Seko
Sprouting damage in wheat usually occurs at the ripening stage which coincides with the rainy season in Japan. The attempts to test a great breeding lines for sprouting resistance have not been successful. The objectives of our studies were to develop effective testing methods for the selection of lines with pre-harvest sprouting resistance and analyze the genealogical pedigree of resistant cultivars in wheat. In the first part of the study, the sprouting percentage immediately after sampling was found to be high at 35 and 55 days after heading (DAH), and low at 45 DAH (near maturity) except for Saitama 27, while the sprouting percentage one month after sampling increased with the number of days after heading (Fig. 1). The sprouting percentage depending on the storge conditions among 19 cultivars increased in proportion to the storage ternperature, namely, in the order of -16°C0°C16°CRoom. The sprouting differences observed immediately after sampling were significantly correlated with the 0°C (r=0.691**), 16°C (r=0.489*), room (r=0.550*) storage conditions for 1 month and room storage conditions for 2 months (r=0.628**), but were not correlated with the O°C and 16°C for 2 months among 19 cultivars. The sproutng performance at different ripening stages under constant ternperature testing conditions (17°C) and alternating temperature testing conditions (25°C in day time for 12 hrs. and 15°C at night for 12 hrs.) was very similar but the sprouting percentage under the constant temperature testing conditions was higher than that under the alternating ones (Fig. 2). The sprouting differences among cultivars immediately after sampling were observed at 14 days after simulated rain treatment, while at 6 days after simulated rain treatment in stored spikes (Fig. 3). A significant correlation was observed between sprouting immediately after sampling and sprouting of spikes wrapped with wetted filter paper (filter paper wrapping method) under different testing temperatures (16°C, 21°C, 26°C, 31°C, 26°C+16°C).
{"title":"Testing method of pre-harvest sprouting and genealogical pedigree of pre-harvest sprouting resistant cultivars in wheat [Triticum aestivum]","authors":"T. Hoshino, N. Tomooka, Kimihira Fukunaga, H. Seko","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.365","url":null,"abstract":"Sprouting damage in wheat usually occurs at the ripening stage which coincides with the rainy season in Japan. The attempts to test a great breeding lines for sprouting resistance have not been successful. The objectives of our studies were to develop effective testing methods for the selection of lines with pre-harvest sprouting resistance and analyze the genealogical pedigree of resistant cultivars in wheat. In the first part of the study, the sprouting percentage immediately after sampling was found to be high at 35 and 55 days after heading (DAH), and low at 45 DAH (near maturity) except for Saitama 27, while the sprouting percentage one month after sampling increased with the number of days after heading (Fig. 1). The sprouting percentage depending on the storge conditions among 19 cultivars increased in proportion to the storage ternperature, namely, in the order of -16°C0°C16°CRoom. The sprouting differences observed immediately after sampling were significantly correlated with the 0°C (r=0.691**), 16°C (r=0.489*), room (r=0.550*) storage conditions for 1 month and room storage conditions for 2 months (r=0.628**), but were not correlated with the O°C and 16°C for 2 months among 19 cultivars. The sproutng performance at different ripening stages under constant ternperature testing conditions (17°C) and alternating temperature testing conditions (25°C in day time for 12 hrs. and 15°C at night for 12 hrs.) was very similar but the sprouting percentage under the constant temperature testing conditions was higher than that under the alternating ones (Fig. 2). The sprouting differences among cultivars immediately after sampling were observed at 14 days after simulated rain treatment, while at 6 days after simulated rain treatment in stored spikes (Fig. 3). A significant correlation was observed between sprouting immediately after sampling and sprouting of spikes wrapped with wetted filter paper (filter paper wrapping method) under different testing temperatures (16°C, 21°C, 26°C, 31°C, 26°C+16°C).","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134646690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.299
N. D. Cruz, I. Kumar, R. Kaushik, G. Khush
Thirty one rice varieties representing five amylose categorles were grown under four different controlled temperature conditions in the IRRI Phytotron to stucly the effect of temperature during grain development on the amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and gel consistency. Stability analysis revealed predominance of linear component of variety-temperature interaction for all the three components. In general the amylose content decreased with increasing temperature. All the variety in the waxy group and majority of those in high amylose group showed absence of variety-temperature interaction for amylose content. Varieties in the very low, Iow and intermediate categories were either responsive or unstable. Similarly for gelatinization temperature and gel consistency also a number of varieties showed absence of interaction with temperature, some were responsive and others unstable. Waxy varieties IR29 and Malagkit Sungsong and high amylose variety IR42 were found to exhibit no interaction with the temperature for all the three quality components. Implications of the study on breeding strategy are discussed.
{"title":"Effect of temperature during grain development on stability of cooking quality components in rice","authors":"N. D. Cruz, I. Kumar, R. Kaushik, G. Khush","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.299","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty one rice varieties representing five amylose categorles were grown under four different controlled temperature conditions in the IRRI Phytotron to stucly the effect of temperature during grain development on the amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and gel consistency. Stability analysis revealed predominance of linear component of variety-temperature interaction for all the three components. In general the amylose content decreased with increasing temperature. All the variety in the waxy group and majority of those in high amylose group showed absence of variety-temperature interaction for amylose content. Varieties in the very low, Iow and intermediate categories were either responsive or unstable. Similarly for gelatinization temperature and gel consistency also a number of varieties showed absence of interaction with temperature, some were responsive and others unstable. Waxy varieties IR29 and Malagkit Sungsong and high amylose variety IR42 were found to exhibit no interaction with the temperature for all the three quality components. Implications of the study on breeding strategy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116825939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.383
Chikako Kiribuchi, G. Takeda, T. Takano
Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) revealed that there was at least 3 types of high pI α-amylase multigene families in barley. It was estimated that the isozyme banding patterns detected by the isoelectric-focusing (IEF) method were not directly determined by these 3 types of structural genes, but affected by a regulatory gene (or part). It was assumed that there was a linkage between the structural genes and the regulatory gene, but new combinations of the structural gnes and the regulatory gene could be produced by genetic recombination. The bred lines with the new isozyme banding patterns may have resulted from the new combinations of the genes.
{"title":"RFLPs Analysis of High pI α-amylase Multigene Families, in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)","authors":"Chikako Kiribuchi, G. Takeda, T. Takano","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.383","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) revealed that there was at least 3 types of high pI α-amylase multigene families in barley. It was estimated that the isozyme banding patterns detected by the isoelectric-focusing (IEF) method were not directly determined by these 3 types of structural genes, but affected by a regulatory gene (or part). It was assumed that there was a linkage between the structural genes and the regulatory gene, but new combinations of the structural gnes and the regulatory gene could be produced by genetic recombination. The bred lines with the new isozyme banding patterns may have resulted from the new combinations of the genes.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133790634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-06-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.235
Michail S. Bunin, H. Yoshikawa
Difficulty in F1 seed production in carrot has resulted in a much more delayed release of F1 varieties than in other major vegetables. In Japan, F1 varieties outnumbered the open-pollinated ones among the new varieties of carrot released during the period 1981-1987. In USSR, in spite of the active promotion of the use oi male sterility, F1 varieties do not prevail in commercial fields. F1 varieties of carrot are superior in yield, growih vigour, uniformity of top growih and root size and disease resistance. New methods involving biotechnology, especially tissue culture including synthetic seeds, are likely to play a major role in the breeding and propagation of F1 varieties.
{"title":"Heterosis breeding in carrot in USSR and Japan.","authors":"Michail S. Bunin, H. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.39.235","url":null,"abstract":"Difficulty in F1 seed production in carrot has resulted in a much more delayed release of F1 varieties than in other major vegetables. In Japan, F1 varieties outnumbered the open-pollinated ones among the new varieties of carrot released during the period 1981-1987. In USSR, in spite of the active promotion of the use oi male sterility, F1 varieties do not prevail in commercial fields. F1 varieties of carrot are superior in yield, growih vigour, uniformity of top growih and root size and disease resistance. New methods involving biotechnology, especially tissue culture including synthetic seeds, are likely to play a major role in the breeding and propagation of F1 varieties.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126570660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.38.385
Shigetoshi Sato, I. Sakamoto, K. Shirakawa, Satoshi Nakasone
To map earliness gene(s) on the 7 th chromosome of rice, Oryza sativa L., three earlyheading isogenic lines T65 ?? R-1, T65 ?? R-5 and T65 ?? R-6, were bred after 9 or 10 backcrosses with Taichung 65 (a cultivar from Taiwan) to two interchange homozygotes T3-7 and RT7-11, and a linkage tester HO 775, respectively. Each early-heading isogenic line carried a dominant earliness gene. The earliness gene was one of the allele of Ef1 locus (early flowering), which is identical with or isoallelic to Ef1b. Ef1 was linked with seven breakpoints involving the 7 th chromosome, 7-11, 6-7, 3-7, 7-8b, 7-9, 7-8a, and 2-7a, and two genes an the chromasome, fgl (faded green leaves) and pgl (pale green leaves), recombination values being 2. 2, 3. O, 7. 8, 11. g, 23. 3, 25. 9, 28. 5, 15. 3 and 29.0%, respectively. Ef1 was estimated not to be located on the 9 th chromosome, but on the 7th, and the early observation of a linkage between Ef1b and the lazy growthhabit gene la on the 9th chromosome was not correct. The arrangement of four linked genes and seven breakpoints on the 7 th chromosome were estimated as pgl-7-8 b-Rf1-fgl-7-11-Ef1-6-7-3-7-7-9-7-8 a-2-7 a.
{"title":"Chromosomal Location of an Earliness Gene Efl of Rice, Oryza sativa L.","authors":"Shigetoshi Sato, I. Sakamoto, K. Shirakawa, Satoshi Nakasone","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.38.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.38.385","url":null,"abstract":"To map earliness gene(s) on the 7 th chromosome of rice, Oryza sativa L., three earlyheading isogenic lines T65 ?? R-1, T65 ?? R-5 and T65 ?? R-6, were bred after 9 or 10 backcrosses with Taichung 65 (a cultivar from Taiwan) to two interchange homozygotes T3-7 and RT7-11, and a linkage tester HO 775, respectively. Each early-heading isogenic line carried a dominant earliness gene. The earliness gene was one of the allele of Ef1 locus (early flowering), which is identical with or isoallelic to Ef1b. Ef1 was linked with seven breakpoints involving the 7 th chromosome, 7-11, 6-7, 3-7, 7-8b, 7-9, 7-8a, and 2-7a, and two genes an the chromasome, fgl (faded green leaves) and pgl (pale green leaves), recombination values being 2. 2, 3. O, 7. 8, 11. g, 23. 3, 25. 9, 28. 5, 15. 3 and 29.0%, respectively. Ef1 was estimated not to be located on the 9 th chromosome, but on the 7th, and the early observation of a linkage between Ef1b and the lazy growthhabit gene la on the 9th chromosome was not correct. The arrangement of four linked genes and seven breakpoints on the 7 th chromosome were estimated as pgl-7-8 b-Rf1-fgl-7-11-Ef1-6-7-3-7-7-9-7-8 a-2-7 a.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126621683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1987-06-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.37.159
K. Yonezawa, Kanji Mamiya, P. Spetsov, K. Tsunewaki
{"title":"Increasing Genetic Variablility in Common Wheat by Utilizing Alien Cytoplasms : Characteristics of Nearly Fixed Alloplasmic Lines Selected in the Cross, Alloplasmic Norin 26 × Norin 61","authors":"K. Yonezawa, Kanji Mamiya, P. Spetsov, K. Tsunewaki","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.37.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.37.159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115688380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For practical use of F1 hybrid in Japonica rice it is necessary to increase natural out-crossing rate and seed set percentage on cytoplasmic male sterile lines in hybrid seed production field by reforming those floral characteristics which do not normally fit cross-pollination. Floral characteristics of some wild species and Indica cultivars of rice are estimated to fit natural outcrossing (OKA and MORISHIMA 1967, PARMAR et al. 1979a). Although introduction of these characteristics from wild rice or Indica to Japonica is one way of increasing natural outcrossing in Japonica rice, it is too difficult to introduce only these floral characteristics owing to the strong linkage between the floral characteristics and undesirable wild rice traits (IRRI 1985). In addition, Indica-Japonica hybrid shows hybrid sterility (MORINAGA 1968). Accbrdingly, we studied the ihtervarietal variations in the most important floral characteristics for increasing natural outcrossing viz. the number of protruding stigmas per spikelet and pstil length for seed parent, and the number of residual pollren at the anther protruding stage for pollen parent. The materials used in this experiment were Temperate (115 samples of 57 cultivars) and Tropical Japonica (18 samples of 18 cultivars) as shown in Table 1. The Temperate Japonica were classified into 14 improved cultivars and 43 local cultivars. The local cultivars were divided into group A and B. Group A means 16 cultivars which were those without femark rec6rded as "Matjiri", and group B meahs 85 samples qf 27 cultivars which were thbse with th same culrivar name and contained those with remark recorded as "Majiri". "Majiri" means contamintion. Natural outcrossin.g is considered as a cause of the occurente of the contamination.
为了使F1杂交种在粳稻上的实际应用，需要通过改造通常不适合异花授粉的花性状，提高杂交种生产领域细胞质雄性不育系的自然异交率和结实率。据估计，一些野生品种和籼稻品种的花系特征符合自然异交(OKA and MORISHIMA 1967, PARMAR et al. 1979a)。虽然将这些性状从野生稻或籼稻引入粳稻是增加粳稻自然异交的一种方式，但由于花性状与野生稻不良性状之间存在强烈的连锁关系，因此仅引入这些花性状是非常困难的(IRRI 1985)。此外，籼粳杂交种表现出杂交不育(MORINAGA 1968)。因此，我们研究了增加自然异交的最重要的花学特征，即种子亲本每穗突出柱头数和雌蕊长度，以及花粉亲本另一突出期残余花粉数的品种间变化。本试验选用的材料为温带粳稻(57个品种115份)和热带粳稻(18个品种18份)，如表1所示。将温带粳稻分为14个改良品种和43个地方品种。本地栽培品种分为A组和B组。A组为16个无标记为“马吉里”的品种，B组为27个品种中85个样品，其中有标记为“马吉里”的品种。“Majiri”的意思是污染。自然outcrossin。G被认为是污染发生的原因。
{"title":"Intervarietal variations of floral characteristics with special reference to F1 seed production in Japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"H. Kato, H. Namai","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.37.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.37.75","url":null,"abstract":"For practical use of F1 hybrid in Japonica rice it is necessary to increase natural out-crossing rate and seed set percentage on cytoplasmic male sterile lines in hybrid seed production field by reforming those floral characteristics which do not normally fit cross-pollination. Floral characteristics of some wild species and Indica cultivars of rice are estimated to fit natural outcrossing (OKA and MORISHIMA 1967, PARMAR et al. 1979a). Although introduction of these characteristics from wild rice or Indica to Japonica is one way of increasing natural outcrossing in Japonica rice, it is too difficult to introduce only these floral characteristics owing to the strong linkage between the floral characteristics and undesirable wild rice traits (IRRI 1985). In addition, Indica-Japonica hybrid shows hybrid sterility (MORINAGA 1968). Accbrdingly, we studied the ihtervarietal variations in the most important floral characteristics for increasing natural outcrossing viz. the number of protruding stigmas per spikelet and pstil length for seed parent, and the number of residual pollren at the anther protruding stage for pollen parent. The materials used in this experiment were Temperate (115 samples of 57 cultivars) and Tropical Japonica (18 samples of 18 cultivars) as shown in Table 1. The Temperate Japonica were classified into 14 improved cultivars and 43 local cultivars. The local cultivars were divided into group A and B. Group A means 16 cultivars which were those without femark rec6rded as \"Matjiri\", and group B meahs 85 samples qf 27 cultivars which were thbse with th same culrivar name and contained those with remark recorded as \"Majiri\". \"Majiri\" means contamintion. Natural outcrossin.g is considered as a cause of the occurente of the contamination.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130627312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.233
Toshihiko Yamada, H. Fukuoka
An ovule culture method was used to produce interspecific hybrids between kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. BIEB.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Culture of fertilized ovules from the cross hexaploid T.ammguum (2n=6X=48)×diploid T.repens (2n=32) began 5 days after pollination. After 15∼20 days in culture, hybrid ovules were transferred to a fresh medium, where development into plants occurred. Four interspecific hybrid plants were established in soil. One of these plants has produced flowers. The morphology of the plant was generally intermediate. Root tip cells of the plant possessed the expected somatic chromosome number of 40. The plant possessed the major bands of leaf peroxidase and esterase isozymes derived from the staminate parent as well as from the pistillate parent. A virus assay on Chenopodium amaranticolor indicated that the plant was virus-free. However, it was highly sterile with the absence of viable pollen. The ovule culture method represents the successful production of Trifolium interspecific hybrids via some form of embryo rescue. It appears that this technique can be applied to other interspecific hybrid combinations in the Trifoliutn species.
{"title":"Production of Interspecific Hybrids between Trifolium ambiguum M.BIEB and T.repens L. by Ovule Culture","authors":"Toshihiko Yamada, H. Fukuoka","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.233","url":null,"abstract":"An ovule culture method was used to produce interspecific hybrids between kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. BIEB.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Culture of fertilized ovules from the cross hexaploid T.ammguum (2n=6X=48)×diploid T.repens (2n=32) began 5 days after pollination. After 15∼20 days in culture, hybrid ovules were transferred to a fresh medium, where development into plants occurred. Four interspecific hybrid plants were established in soil. One of these plants has produced flowers. The morphology of the plant was generally intermediate. Root tip cells of the plant possessed the expected somatic chromosome number of 40. The plant possessed the major bands of leaf peroxidase and esterase isozymes derived from the staminate parent as well as from the pistillate parent. A virus assay on Chenopodium amaranticolor indicated that the plant was virus-free. However, it was highly sterile with the absence of viable pollen. The ovule culture method represents the successful production of Trifolium interspecific hybrids via some form of embryo rescue. It appears that this technique can be applied to other interspecific hybrid combinations in the Trifoliutn species.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122496014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.36.262
K. Yonezawa, Nobuo Tatematsu, P. Spetsov, K. Tsunewaki
Cytoplasmic effects of the four Aegilops species, i.e., Ae.squarrosa, Ae.kotschyi, Ae.speltoides and Ae.longissima, on the genetic variability of agronomic characters of wheat were investi**ated using a total of 460 F3 lines which were randomly derived from the cross combinations of allo- and euplasmic Norin 26 with euplasmic Norin 61. It was observed, coincidently with the trend observed in the F2 populations (TSUNEWAKI et al. 1985), that cytoplasm of Ae.kotschyi caused the most prominent effect. The cytoplasm increased, statistically significantly and/or consistently with the F2 result, the genetic variability of the seven out of ten characters examined. Cytoplasm of Ae.speltoides showed the second most appreciable effect, enlarging the genetic variability of the length of internodes, culm and spike. Cytoplasmic effects of Ae.squarrosa and Ae.longissima were neither distinct nor desirable. The principal component analysis revealed that none of the alien cytoplasms tested substantially modified the phase or structure of character association, though they more or less changed the genetic variability of individual characters. Cytoplasms with a larger genetic distance from wheat cytoplasm (TSUNEWAKI 1980) caused a wider range of effects, suggesting that new and desirable nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions may occur in a combination of relatively distantly related cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes rather than closely related ones.
四种黄颡鱼的细胞质效应。squarrosa, Ae。kotschyi, Ae。蛭形蝇和Ae。短句来源以随机获得的460个F3系为材料，对小麦农艺性状的遗传变异进行了研究。这460个F3系是由同型和常浆norin26与常浆norin61杂交组合而成。与在F2种群中观察到的趋势一致(TSUNEWAKI et al. 1985)，伊蚊的细胞质。Kotschyi的影响最为显著。10个性状中有7个性状的遗传变异性显著增加，且与F2结果一致。Ae.胞质。球茎的效应次之，扩大了节间、秆和穗的遗传变异。Ae的细胞质效应。沙刺和沙刺;Longissima既不独特，也不可取。主成分分析表明，虽然外源细胞质或多或少地改变了个体性状的遗传变异，但它们都没有实质性地改变性状关联的阶段或结构。与小麦细胞质遗传距离较大的细胞质(TSUNEWAKI 1980)引起了更广泛的影响，这表明新的和理想的核-细胞质相互作用可能发生在相对较远的细胞质基因组和核基因组的组合中，而不是密切相关的基因组。
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