{"title":"Inheritance of stylar morphology and loss of self-incompatibility in the progenies of induced autotetraploid buckwheat","authors":"T. Adachi, T. Yabuya, T. Nagatomo","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.32.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.32.61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122469237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.31.261
M. Kudo, Y. Koga
n order to improve the efficiency of the asexual reproduction of pineapple plant (Ananas coleaosus MERR.), morphactins, known as plant regulator-like chemicals, were applied to the flower bud. Prior to the morphactin application, the apices of plant materials were pre-treated with ethrel to enforce the synchronous induction of compound flower buds. The flower buds thus induced were subsequently treated with various concentrations of morphactin solution, at different developmental stages, and different replications of treatment. Following the morphactin treatments, a number of foliar buds was developed from the fruitlets of a syncarp. This foliar bud development is not observed in natural pineapple plant and also had not been reported in the other plants treatecl with morphactin. These foliar buds were tentatively called "buds-from-fruit" in the present paper. When morphactin at concentrations of 80 and 100ppm was applied to the mater.ials in 6 to 12 days after ethrel pre-treatment, more than 80% of the plants produced "buds-from-fruit", and the average number of "buds-from-fruit" of single plant, i. e. single syncarp, obtained langed between 8.8 to 15.7 The maximum number of "buds from-fruit" obtained on a syncarp was 32. There was a certain stage in the development of the flower bud which was found to be critical as regards the effect of morphactin activity. This stage preceded the differentiation of the syncarp into flower primordium. In addition, morphactin treatrnent also gave rise to an increase in the number of natural foliar buds such as slips and suckers, a retardation in the emergence of the compound flower bud, and a tendency for the apical leaves of the treated plant to roll up which is a typical function of morphactin activity.
{"title":"Induction of Foliar Buds by Morphactin Treatment of Flower:Bud of Pineapple (Ananas comosus MERR.)","authors":"M. Kudo, Y. Koga","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.31.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.31.261","url":null,"abstract":"n order to improve the efficiency of the asexual reproduction of pineapple plant (Ananas coleaosus MERR.), morphactins, known as plant regulator-like chemicals, were applied to the flower bud. Prior to the morphactin application, the apices of plant materials were pre-treated with ethrel to enforce the synchronous induction of compound flower buds. The flower buds thus induced were subsequently treated with various concentrations of morphactin solution, at different developmental stages, and different replications of treatment. Following the morphactin treatments, a number of foliar buds was developed from the fruitlets of a syncarp. This foliar bud development is not observed in natural pineapple plant and also had not been reported in the other plants treatecl with morphactin. These foliar buds were tentatively called \"buds-from-fruit\" in the present paper. When morphactin at concentrations of 80 and 100ppm was applied to the mater.ials in 6 to 12 days after ethrel pre-treatment, more than 80% of the plants produced \"buds-from-fruit\", and the average number of \"buds-from-fruit\" of single plant, i. e. single syncarp, obtained langed between 8.8 to 15.7 The maximum number of \"buds from-fruit\" obtained on a syncarp was 32. There was a certain stage in the development of the flower bud which was found to be critical as regards the effect of morphactin activity. This stage preceded the differentiation of the syncarp into flower primordium. In addition, morphactin treatrnent also gave rise to an increase in the number of natural foliar buds such as slips and suckers, a retardation in the emergence of the compound flower bud, and a tendency for the apical leaves of the treated plant to roll up which is a typical function of morphactin activity.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126833734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1981-06-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.31.121
Takashi Yamaguchi
A series of experiments were conducted to promote chrysanthemum breeding for resistance to white rust (Puccinia horiana P. Hennings), For testing the resistance to white rust, three plants of each species and cultivar were incubated in a box kept at 17'C under 100% relative humidity and the inoculation was effected by hanging leaves with telia actively producing sporidia from the ceiling of the box. The inoculum concentration was restricted to ca. 70 sporidia per 1mm2 leaf area. Reliable criteria for grading and rating inLection were established based principally on the extent of telium formation on the fully unfolded top leaves. White rust resistance of chrysanthernum cultivars could be evaluated by this testing method at an early stage of the plants, for their reactions to white rust at the young plant stage and the flowering stage were highly correlated. Variation in resistance depending on the fungal isolates was found in the tests of 40 cultivars inoculated with 6 typical isolates in Japan, suggesting physiological specialization in the pathogen. Among 6 isolates, some showed a wide range of pathogenicity and others medium and narrow ranges. Besids the existence of unstable cultivars showing various reactions to the fungal isolates, cultivars with stable resistance to all the isolates were also found.
{"title":"Chrysanthemum Breeding for Resistance to White Rust","authors":"Takashi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.31.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.31.121","url":null,"abstract":"A series of experiments were conducted to promote chrysanthemum breeding for resistance to white rust (Puccinia horiana P. Hennings), For testing the resistance to white rust, three plants of each species and cultivar were incubated in a box kept at 17'C under 100% relative humidity and the inoculation was effected by hanging leaves with telia actively producing sporidia from the ceiling of the box. The inoculum concentration was restricted to ca. 70 sporidia per 1mm2 leaf area. Reliable criteria for grading and rating inLection were established based principally on the extent of telium formation on the fully unfolded top leaves. White rust resistance of chrysanthernum cultivars could be evaluated by this testing method at an early stage of the plants, for their reactions to white rust at the young plant stage and the flowering stage were highly correlated. Variation in resistance depending on the fungal isolates was found in the tests of 40 cultivars inoculated with 6 typical isolates in Japan, suggesting physiological specialization in the pathogen. Among 6 isolates, some showed a wide range of pathogenicity and others medium and narrow ranges. Besids the existence of unstable cultivars showing various reactions to the fungal isolates, cultivars with stable resistance to all the isolates were also found.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114620808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1980-12-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.30.335
Sada-aki Kondo, Y. Futsuhara
{"title":"Genetical Studies on the Panicle Formation in Rice : I. Analysis of Component Characters of Panicle Density","authors":"Sada-aki Kondo, Y. Futsuhara","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.30.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.30.335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114688386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.29.205
K. Kondo
{"title":"Cytological Studies in Cultivated Species of Camellia : V.Intraspecific Variation of Karyotypes in Two Species of Sect. Thea","authors":"K. Kondo","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.29.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.29.205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122215219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.29.239
Y. Futsuhara, Sada-aki Kondo, H. Kitano
{"title":"Genetical Studies on Dense and Lax Panicles in Rice : II Character Expression and Mode of Inheritance of Dense Panicle Rice","authors":"Y. Futsuhara, Sada-aki Kondo, H. Kitano","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.29.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.29.239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114766668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-09-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.29.248
T. Hidaka, Y. Yamada, T. Shichijo
Anthers of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) RAF. (trifoliate orange, 2n=18) were cultured on the MURASHIGE and SKooG's (1962) medium containing 0.2 and/or 2.0mg/l of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), oi-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and kinetin in combination. Three weeks after planting, heart-shaped and cotyledonary embryoids appeared from the anthers. Embryoids were formed most efifciently from the anthers of early uninu-cleate stage, and on the media containing 0.2mg/1 of IAA. The callus formation was occurred on all media and was increased by the addition of 2, 4-D. Roots were induced by the transfer of the embryoids from the induction media con-taining growth regulators to the medium lacking growth regulators. From microscopic observation, some of these plantlets showed 9(x) chromosomes of haploid state and some of them had 10 (x+1), 11 (x+2), and 18 (2x) chromosomes. Besides these plantlets, mixoploids which had cells with different chromosome numbers in the same preparations, such as (9, 10), (9, 10, 11), and (10, 11) were obtained
{"title":"In vitro Differentiation of Haploid Plants by Anther Culture in Poncirus trifoliata (L.) RAF.","authors":"T. Hidaka, Y. Yamada, T. Shichijo","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.29.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.29.248","url":null,"abstract":"Anthers of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) RAF. (trifoliate orange, 2n=18) were cultured on the MURASHIGE and SKooG's (1962) medium containing 0.2 and/or 2.0mg/l of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), oi-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and kinetin in combination. Three weeks after planting, heart-shaped and cotyledonary embryoids appeared from the anthers. Embryoids were formed most efifciently from the anthers of early uninu-cleate stage, and on the media containing 0.2mg/1 of IAA. The callus formation was occurred on all media and was increased by the addition of 2, 4-D. Roots were induced by the transfer of the embryoids from the induction media con-taining growth regulators to the medium lacking growth regulators. From microscopic observation, some of these plantlets showed 9(x) chromosomes of haploid state and some of them had 10 (x+1), 11 (x+2), and 18 (2x) chromosomes. Besides these plantlets, mixoploids which had cells with different chromosome numbers in the same preparations, such as (9, 10), (9, 10, 11), and (10, 11) were obtained","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124033214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-12-01DOI: 10.1270/JSBBS1951.28.329
T. Hashiguchi, Y. Yoshimitsu, Y. Maeda, M. Taketomi
{"title":"Genetical Studies on Liver Esterase Isozymes of the Japanese Quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica","authors":"T. Hashiguchi, Y. Yoshimitsu, Y. Maeda, M. Taketomi","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.28.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.28.329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121092391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A total of 74 interspecific reciprocal crosses was made among ten polyploid species of Avena. The development of hybrid kernels was very variable, and grouped into four types, Rd -, Rd +, D + and E - which indicate small or very small, small, mormal and empty, shrivelled kernels, respectively, as vvell as germination (+) and non-germination (-) of hybrid kernels. In a small number of crosses, however, some intermediate types of kernels were found. The results are almost completely explained in terms of a hypothesls of polar-nuclei activation by the male nucleus in double fertilization. The strength of activating stimulus of the male nucleus and reaction of the female nucleus is expressed by terms "activating value (AV)" and "response value (RV)", respectively. Activating values assigned to Avena species show a range from 0.4 to 3 where 1 to A. strigosa is standard. The degree of seed failure is closely related to the differenec between activatlng and response value which usually is represented by an activation index (AI) of the polar nuclei. The AI is c, omputed from a formula, AV/2 RV (or X100%), In a plant selfed the AI is 1/2=0.5 (or 50%), being a normal index, and resultlng in production of normal seeds. If AI deviates from 50% the development of endosperm is often arrested, and it causes the seed abortlon in the extreme case. In the present hybridizations the activation index varies greatly from 7 to 375%Expressing in round numbers less than 20, 90-30, 30-80 and more than 80% activation indexes show Rd -, Rd +, D + and E - type kernels, res-pectively. Those of intermediate-type kernels are always found on boundary zones between the four groups. In other ¥vords, it is shortly stated that interspecific crosses of Avena are only compatible when their activation indexes fall within a range from 20 to 80 % .Thus the triple fusion of the two pdlar nuclei with the male nucleus In angiosperms seems to be a sexual isolation mec.hanism and the most efffective barrier to interspecific hybridizations.
{"title":"Interspecific cross-incompatibility due to disturbed activation of the polar nuclei by the male nucleus","authors":"I. Nishiyama, T. Yabuno","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.28.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.28.71","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 74 interspecific reciprocal crosses was made among ten polyploid species of Avena. The development of hybrid kernels was very variable, and grouped into four types, Rd -, Rd +, D + and E - which indicate small or very small, small, mormal and empty, shrivelled kernels, respectively, as vvell as germination (+) and non-germination (-) of hybrid kernels. In a small number of crosses, however, some intermediate types of kernels were found. The results are almost completely explained in terms of a hypothesls of polar-nuclei activation by the male nucleus in double fertilization. The strength of activating stimulus of the male nucleus and reaction of the female nucleus is expressed by terms \"activating value (AV)\" and \"response value (RV)\", respectively. Activating values assigned to Avena species show a range from 0.4 to 3 where 1 to A. strigosa is standard. The degree of seed failure is closely related to the differenec between activatlng and response value which usually is represented by an activation index (AI) of the polar nuclei. The AI is c, omputed from a formula, AV/2 RV (or X100%), In a plant selfed the AI is 1/2=0.5 (or 50%), being a normal index, and resultlng in production of normal seeds. If AI deviates from 50% the development of endosperm is often arrested, and it causes the seed abortlon in the extreme case. In the present hybridizations the activation index varies greatly from 7 to 375%Expressing in round numbers less than 20, 90-30, 30-80 and more than 80% activation indexes show Rd -, Rd +, D + and E - type kernels, res-pectively. Those of intermediate-type kernels are always found on boundary zones between the four groups. In other ¥vords, it is shortly stated that interspecific crosses of Avena are only compatible when their activation indexes fall within a range from 20 to 80 % .Thus the triple fusion of the two pdlar nuclei with the male nucleus In angiosperms seems to be a sexual isolation mec.hanism and the most efffective barrier to interspecific hybridizations.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114069855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for early maturing cultivars is one of the problems Lacing wheat breeders in southwestern Japan. From this point of view, several experiments were conducted to get information on the photoperiodic and thermal responses of wheat cultivars in southwestern Japan. To find the effective natural day length of wheat, an experiment was performed changing light intensity of the frrst and the last 4 hours of a 16-hour photoperiod. The experiment showed that the minimum effective light intensity in the first 4 hours is 10lux and in the Comparing these results with the intensity of the last 4 hours is 20 lux (Figs 3 and 4). morning light and evening twilight, the effective day length in Fukuyama (34° 30' N) was assumed to be the astronomical day length +49 minutes. Considering the fact that the length of twilight is inversely proportional to the peripheral velocity of the earth's surface at a given place, the effective day length and the mean temperature for wheat at heading time and one month and two months before heading time were estimated for all parts of Japan as shown in Fig. 5.
{"title":"Varietal Differences in Photoperiodic and Thermal Responses of Wheat","authors":"T. Gotoh","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.27.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.27.57","url":null,"abstract":"The need for early maturing cultivars is one of the problems Lacing wheat breeders in southwestern Japan. From this point of view, several experiments were conducted to get information on the photoperiodic and thermal responses of wheat cultivars in southwestern Japan. To find the effective natural day length of wheat, an experiment was performed changing light intensity of the frrst and the last 4 hours of a 16-hour photoperiod. The experiment showed that the minimum effective light intensity in the first 4 hours is 10lux and in the Comparing these results with the intensity of the last 4 hours is 20 lux (Figs 3 and 4). morning light and evening twilight, the effective day length in Fukuyama (34° 30' N) was assumed to be the astronomical day length +49 minutes. Considering the fact that the length of twilight is inversely proportional to the peripheral velocity of the earth's surface at a given place, the effective day length and the mean temperature for wheat at heading time and one month and two months before heading time were estimated for all parts of Japan as shown in Fig. 5.","PeriodicalId":270267,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of breeding","volume":"353 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122102465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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