Pub Date : 2008-08-21DOI: 10.1080/17486830802231230
T. D. Watts
The present article discusses the seminal role played by a prominent Nigerian in Christian–Islamic dialogue: Francis Cardinal Arinze. Christianity (2.1 billion adherents, 33% of the world's population) and Islam (1.3 billion adherents, 20.1% of the world's population) represent the two largest (Infoplease, 2008) world religions (as of mid-2004). Christianity and Islam have intersected at various times and places in world history, and sometimes in a conflicted way (Armstrong, 2002). Francis Cardinal Arinze has done his share in promoting dialogue and understanding, toward a goal of peace and cooperation, something badly needed in today's world.
{"title":"Nigerian leader of Christian–Islamic dialogue: Francis Cardinal Arinze","authors":"T. D. Watts","doi":"10.1080/17486830802231230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802231230","url":null,"abstract":"The present article discusses the seminal role played by a prominent Nigerian in Christian–Islamic dialogue: Francis Cardinal Arinze. Christianity (2.1 billion adherents, 33% of the world's population) and Islam (1.3 billion adherents, 20.1% of the world's population) represent the two largest (Infoplease, 2008) world religions (as of mid-2004). Christianity and Islam have intersected at various times and places in world history, and sometimes in a conflicted way (Armstrong, 2002). Francis Cardinal Arinze has done his share in promoting dialogue and understanding, toward a goal of peace and cooperation, something badly needed in today's world.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127867693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-21DOI: 10.1080/17486830802231073
S. Sahoo
This paper seeks to analyze the effects of globalization on Indian civil society. Following a historical analysis, the paper argues that civil society during the colonial and early post-colonial period remained confined to the English educated upper-caste elites. The subaltern populations were excluded from its sphere because of the virtues of modernity and the paternalistic policies of the post-colonial state and ruling elites. The decline of the moderate state and the Congress system in the mid-1970s and the policies of globalization and the rolling-back of the welfare state in the mid-1980s transformed the state–society relationship and brought incongruous implications for civil society in India. The apparatus of the state became pluralized, and several non-governmental organizations and people's movements emerged to take up issues affecting the lives of poor and marginalized. The paper concludes that, although globalization has radicalized civil society activism and expanded its sphere over the past few years, in the process it has turned civil society into a site of increasing class war, widespread violence and growing unfreedom.
{"title":"Globalization, social welfare and civil society in India","authors":"S. Sahoo","doi":"10.1080/17486830802231073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802231073","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to analyze the effects of globalization on Indian civil society. Following a historical analysis, the paper argues that civil society during the colonial and early post-colonial period remained confined to the English educated upper-caste elites. The subaltern populations were excluded from its sphere because of the virtues of modernity and the paternalistic policies of the post-colonial state and ruling elites. The decline of the moderate state and the Congress system in the mid-1970s and the policies of globalization and the rolling-back of the welfare state in the mid-1980s transformed the state–society relationship and brought incongruous implications for civil society in India. The apparatus of the state became pluralized, and several non-governmental organizations and people's movements emerged to take up issues affecting the lives of poor and marginalized. The paper concludes that, although globalization has radicalized civil society activism and expanded its sphere over the past few years, in the process it has turned civil society into a site of increasing class war, widespread violence and growing unfreedom.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123142170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-21DOI: 10.1080/17486830802231032
M. Desai
The present article makes a comparison between Goa and Singapore with reference to the situation of child abuse and the protection measures undertaken against it in terms of strengths and gaps, and similarities and differences, and draws recommendations for child protection measures for both. The article is based on a larger exploratory comparative study of child protection situations and measures that was carried out between a progressive state of India, namely Goa, and Singapore. The two were found to be comparable as they are similar with reference to the Asian cultural context and comparable historical, economic and demographic profiles. The sources of information for the project were a literature review and visits to institutions and meetings with the key personnel.
{"title":"A comparative study of child abuse and protective measures in Goa and Singapore","authors":"M. Desai","doi":"10.1080/17486830802231032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802231032","url":null,"abstract":"The present article makes a comparison between Goa and Singapore with reference to the situation of child abuse and the protection measures undertaken against it in terms of strengths and gaps, and similarities and differences, and draws recommendations for child protection measures for both. The article is based on a larger exploratory comparative study of child protection situations and measures that was carried out between a progressive state of India, namely Goa, and Singapore. The two were found to be comparable as they are similar with reference to the Asian cultural context and comparable historical, economic and demographic profiles. The sources of information for the project were a literature review and visits to institutions and meetings with the key personnel.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125587850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-21DOI: 10.1080/17486830802231164
P. Panday
The main concern of the present paper is to examine the adequacies of the urban poverty alleviation strategies of the Hong Kong and China governments. It has been found that the Comprehensive Social Security Allowance and the Minimum Living Standard Scheme or Dibao are the main strategies adopted by both the governments towards alleviation of urban poverty. The available data substantiates that the Comprehensive Social Security Allowance is targeted to solve immediate concrete social problems in the short term instead of solving the long-term poverty problem. More specifically, the welfare policy is designed to alleviate the political pressures and social conflicts and is a tool to avoid social confusion. On the other hand, Dibao reflects the state's general economic orientation, which has emphasized rapid growth and neglected effective redistribution measures. At best, Dibao is likely to provide short-term relief from urban poverty and inequality, rather than make a significant impact on poverty reduction.
{"title":"The extent of adequacies of poverty alleviation strategies: Hong Kong and China perspectives","authors":"P. Panday","doi":"10.1080/17486830802231164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802231164","url":null,"abstract":"The main concern of the present paper is to examine the adequacies of the urban poverty alleviation strategies of the Hong Kong and China governments. It has been found that the Comprehensive Social Security Allowance and the Minimum Living Standard Scheme or Dibao are the main strategies adopted by both the governments towards alleviation of urban poverty. The available data substantiates that the Comprehensive Social Security Allowance is targeted to solve immediate concrete social problems in the short term instead of solving the long-term poverty problem. More specifically, the welfare policy is designed to alleviate the political pressures and social conflicts and is a tool to avoid social confusion. On the other hand, Dibao reflects the state's general economic orientation, which has emphasized rapid growth and neglected effective redistribution measures. At best, Dibao is likely to provide short-term relief from urban poverty and inequality, rather than make a significant impact on poverty reduction.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117002637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-21DOI: 10.1080/17486830802231115
L. Johnson
The rate of HIV infection among women in the developing world is rising. The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a reproductive rights approach to reducing HIV rates among women in the developing world. Researchers proposed that reproductive rights mediated the relationship between gender equality and HIV rates. Data from 142 developing countries were used to test the proposed model. Researchers did not find that reproductive rights mediated the relationship between gender equality and HIV rates. However, researchers found a positive relationship between reproductive rights and HIV rates in women lending support for a reproductive rights approach to reducing HIV infection in women.
{"title":"The relationship between reproductive rights and prevalence of HIV among women in developing countries","authors":"L. Johnson","doi":"10.1080/17486830802231115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802231115","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of HIV infection among women in the developing world is rising. The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a reproductive rights approach to reducing HIV rates among women in the developing world. Researchers proposed that reproductive rights mediated the relationship between gender equality and HIV rates. Data from 142 developing countries were used to test the proposed model. Researchers did not find that reproductive rights mediated the relationship between gender equality and HIV rates. However, researchers found a positive relationship between reproductive rights and HIV rates in women lending support for a reproductive rights approach to reducing HIV infection in women.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116268498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-21DOI: 10.1080/17486830802231131
Qudsiya Contractor
Resettlement poses several risks to vulnerable urban populations such as slum dwellers in cities like Mumbai in the Third World. The causes for involuntary resettlement in the urban context, such as the expansion of airports, widening roads, or building of commercial complexes, are often unconnected to the lives of those living in slums. Resettlement is associated with economic hardships, disruption of the social fabric, and a feeling of uprootment, alienation and psychological trauma. This paper is based on the findings of an action-research study conducted in a resettled slum community in Mumbai, India that aimed to understand the implications of involuntary resettlement from a human rights perspective. It focuses on the impact of involuntary resettlement on issues concerning women's health. It discusses gender differentials in morbidity patterns and the access to healthcare. It argues that there is a need for integrated planning to ensure an improvement in overall living conditions, which also include provision and access to health services apart from just the mere allocation of alternate housing.
{"title":"Understanding the impact of involuntary slum resettlement on women's access to healthcare in Mumbai, India","authors":"Qudsiya Contractor","doi":"10.1080/17486830802231131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802231131","url":null,"abstract":"Resettlement poses several risks to vulnerable urban populations such as slum dwellers in cities like Mumbai in the Third World. The causes for involuntary resettlement in the urban context, such as the expansion of airports, widening roads, or building of commercial complexes, are often unconnected to the lives of those living in slums. Resettlement is associated with economic hardships, disruption of the social fabric, and a feeling of uprootment, alienation and psychological trauma. This paper is based on the findings of an action-research study conducted in a resettled slum community in Mumbai, India that aimed to understand the implications of involuntary resettlement from a human rights perspective. It focuses on the impact of involuntary resettlement on issues concerning women's health. It discusses gender differentials in morbidity patterns and the access to healthcare. It argues that there is a need for integrated planning to ensure an improvement in overall living conditions, which also include provision and access to health services apart from just the mere allocation of alternate housing.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129317523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-21DOI: 10.1080/17486830802231156
H. Palley, Chikako Usui
Recent reforms with regard to Japan's child daycare policies have moved in the direction of deregulation, increased privatization and private/public partnerships. These reforms have substantially increased the availability of diversity of child daycare services. However, initiatives creating diversity have introduced issues of lack of equal access to highly desired services as, with privatization, higher quality services may cost more. Also, in municipally-provided care, parents are paying a greater proportion of the cost of childcare. These factors create a situation where poorer parents may not be able to afford the best care. The dominant Liberal Democratic Party has been reluctant to substantially increase national expenditures for child daycare and other supportive family policies. While it has provided initiatives that have eased the predicament of some working women, it has not resolved the cultural issue of utilizing women in a secondary role in employment and emphasizing the mother's responsibility (increasingly a working mother) as a caregiver of young children. As a result, family size remains substantially below the measure of population replacement.
{"title":"Child daycare policy in Japan: an examination of the program and its impacts","authors":"H. Palley, Chikako Usui","doi":"10.1080/17486830802231156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802231156","url":null,"abstract":"Recent reforms with regard to Japan's child daycare policies have moved in the direction of deregulation, increased privatization and private/public partnerships. These reforms have substantially increased the availability of diversity of child daycare services. However, initiatives creating diversity have introduced issues of lack of equal access to highly desired services as, with privatization, higher quality services may cost more. Also, in municipally-provided care, parents are paying a greater proportion of the cost of childcare. These factors create a situation where poorer parents may not be able to afford the best care. The dominant Liberal Democratic Party has been reluctant to substantially increase national expenditures for child daycare and other supportive family policies. While it has provided initiatives that have eased the predicament of some working women, it has not resolved the cultural issue of utilizing women in a secondary role in employment and emphasizing the mother's responsibility (increasingly a working mother) as a caregiver of young children. As a result, family size remains substantially below the measure of population replacement.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133606027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-21DOI: 10.1080/17486830802230968
M. Lombe, A. Ochumbo, J. Norstrand
Building on previous research on basic needs and civic engagement, this study attempts to understand whether or not attainment of basic needs will predict civic engagement in a resource-constrained environment. We also assess the moderating effects of perceived trust in governmental institutions on this relationship. We use data from the Afrobarometer survey to examine these relationships in three sub-Saharan Africa countries: Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Findings provide support for the hypothesized relationship that attainment of basic needs predicts civic engagement. Furthermore, civic engagement appears to be higher at higher levels of perceived trust in government. These findings provide a preliminary base for exploring factors that may be important in understanding civic behavior in the context of sub-Saharan Africa.
{"title":"Attainment of basic needs as a predictor of civic engagement in sub-Saharan Africa: some implications","authors":"M. Lombe, A. Ochumbo, J. Norstrand","doi":"10.1080/17486830802230968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802230968","url":null,"abstract":"Building on previous research on basic needs and civic engagement, this study attempts to understand whether or not attainment of basic needs will predict civic engagement in a resource-constrained environment. We also assess the moderating effects of perceived trust in governmental institutions on this relationship. We use data from the Afrobarometer survey to examine these relationships in three sub-Saharan Africa countries: Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Findings provide support for the hypothesized relationship that attainment of basic needs predicts civic engagement. Furthermore, civic engagement appears to be higher at higher levels of perceived trust in government. These findings provide a preliminary base for exploring factors that may be important in understanding civic behavior in the context of sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133571651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830701848738
N. Habibov, L. Fan
Using micro-data from two nationally representative surveys, we quantify and explain intertemporal evolution in inequality reduction effectiveness of income security programmes in Canada caused by change from a mixed to a neo-liberal welfare regime. The presented empirical evidence shows that the overall inequality reduction effectiveness of income security declined significantly as a result of regime change. The new neo-liberal welfare regime of income security in Canada is characterized by paradoxes of redistribution and by increased degrees of stratification.
{"title":"Comparison of inequality reduction and income security in Canada from a mixed to neo-liberal welfare regime: micro-data simulations and policy implications","authors":"N. Habibov, L. Fan","doi":"10.1080/17486830701848738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830701848738","url":null,"abstract":"Using micro-data from two nationally representative surveys, we quantify and explain intertemporal evolution in inequality reduction effectiveness of income security programmes in Canada caused by change from a mixed to a neo-liberal welfare regime. The presented empirical evidence shows that the overall inequality reduction effectiveness of income security declined significantly as a result of regime change. The new neo-liberal welfare regime of income security in Canada is characterized by paradoxes of redistribution and by increased degrees of stratification.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132160487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830701848662
Josef Weidenholzer, C. Aspalter
This article sets out to unravel the overall picture of the dominant social models in the Western world – that of the European Union and that of the United States. The American model, or “American (social) dream,” is put into direct comparison with its European counterpart, the “European social dream,” using the method of juxtaposition to analyze, in a strictly normative (i.e. evaluative) manner, the current status, trends, and future applicability of each model under scrutiny. The authors conclude that the costs for non-social policy are staggering. That is, the implementation of a comprehensive and, more importantly, effective welfare state system is essential for the survival of societies and the continuation of their particular path of social development. The absence thereof leads to more costly side-effects. The juxtaposition of both the American and the European social dreams leads to the conclusion that the former is built on unsustainable notions of penal policy, while the latter offers a real win–win solution, in terms of investment in sustainable, and hence efficient and effective, social welfare systems.
{"title":"The American and the European social dream: the competition of welfare regimes","authors":"Josef Weidenholzer, C. Aspalter","doi":"10.1080/17486830701848662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830701848662","url":null,"abstract":"This article sets out to unravel the overall picture of the dominant social models in the Western world – that of the European Union and that of the United States. The American model, or “American (social) dream,” is put into direct comparison with its European counterpart, the “European social dream,” using the method of juxtaposition to analyze, in a strictly normative (i.e. evaluative) manner, the current status, trends, and future applicability of each model under scrutiny. The authors conclude that the costs for non-social policy are staggering. That is, the implementation of a comprehensive and, more importantly, effective welfare state system is essential for the survival of societies and the continuation of their particular path of social development. The absence thereof leads to more costly side-effects. The juxtaposition of both the American and the European social dreams leads to the conclusion that the former is built on unsustainable notions of penal policy, while the latter offers a real win–win solution, in terms of investment in sustainable, and hence efficient and effective, social welfare systems.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117208569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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