Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830902789756
P. Bridgen, Traute Meyer
Egalitarian liberal justice requires redistributive income transfers to protect the basic liberties of all citizens, yet it has been asserted that privatisation is fundamentally inegalitarian, and therefore likely to impair the autonomy of the least advantaged. This article assesses the redistributive potential of public and private pension arrangements by simulating the probable outcomes for individuals across a range of circumstances under the multi-pillar retirement systems of Britain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Switzerland. The findings show that the public pensions model may compare unfavourably with systems that rely substantially on privately administered provision when both are appraised in terms of distributive justice. In just systems, what counts is the role and scope of the public authority in framing and securing compliance with egalitarian aims and objectives, not the locus of retirement scheme administration.
{"title":"Social rights, social justice and pension outcomes in four multi-pillar systems","authors":"P. Bridgen, Traute Meyer","doi":"10.1080/17486830902789756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830902789756","url":null,"abstract":"Egalitarian liberal justice requires redistributive income transfers to protect the basic liberties of all citizens, yet it has been asserted that privatisation is fundamentally inegalitarian, and therefore likely to impair the autonomy of the least advantaged. This article assesses the redistributive potential of public and private pension arrangements by simulating the probable outcomes for individuals across a range of circumstances under the multi-pillar retirement systems of Britain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Switzerland. The findings show that the public pensions model may compare unfavourably with systems that rely substantially on privately administered provision when both are appraised in terms of distributive justice. In just systems, what counts is the role and scope of the public authority in framing and securing compliance with egalitarian aims and objectives, not the locus of retirement scheme administration.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116797365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830902789798
Brij Mohan
It may be that the human race is not ready for freedom. The air of liberty may be too rarefied for us to breathe … The paradox seems to be, as Socrates demonstrated long ago, that the truly free in...
也许人类还没有为自由做好准备。这似乎是一个悖论，正如苏格拉底很久以前所证明的那样，真正自由的人……
{"title":"The entropy of developmentalism: modernity's challenge to human dignity","authors":"Brij Mohan","doi":"10.1080/17486830902789798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830902789798","url":null,"abstract":"It may be that the human race is not ready for freedom. The air of liberty may be too rarefied for us to breathe … The paradox seems to be, as Socrates demonstrated long ago, that the truly free in...","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129007039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830802513926
H. Hiilamo, M. Kautto
The article evaluates a three-year experiment involving temporary amendment of the Act on Social Assistance in Finland in 2000–2003. The amendment enabled social assistance recipients to earn some income without having it deducted from social assistance payments (income disregard). Register data obtained from national and municipal sources were used to evaluate the impact of the reform. Income disregard did improve the incentive to accept work, and it did improve the economic situation of households. However, the results indicate that only a fraction of the target population received more income from work after the reform. The modest effects may be attributed to the fact that in the municipalities income disregard was not applied to the fullest extent permitted by the law. Another explanation is the shortage of low-paid jobs; that is, the absence of demand for the less-qualified labour force.
{"title":"Does income disregard work?","authors":"H. Hiilamo, M. Kautto","doi":"10.1080/17486830802513926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802513926","url":null,"abstract":"The article evaluates a three-year experiment involving temporary amendment of the Act on Social Assistance in Finland in 2000–2003. The amendment enabled social assistance recipients to earn some income without having it deducted from social assistance payments (income disregard). Register data obtained from national and municipal sources were used to evaluate the impact of the reform. Income disregard did improve the incentive to accept work, and it did improve the economic situation of households. However, the results indicate that only a fraction of the target population received more income from work after the reform. The modest effects may be attributed to the fact that in the municipalities income disregard was not applied to the fullest extent permitted by the law. Another explanation is the shortage of low-paid jobs; that is, the absence of demand for the less-qualified labour force.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126684454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830802513959
Steven R. Rose, W. Cartwright
Privatization involves placing Social Security contributions into individual savings accounts. Recent moves to promote the privatization of Social Security in the United States assume that the Social Security system itself is now in crisis, although the evidence suggests otherwise. Nevertheless, there are real concerns about the future viability of Social Security that should be addressed. The public remains supportive of Social Security and all that appears necessary are minor modifications of the Social Security system, rather than its abandonment to the private sector.
{"title":"Social security and privatization: a viable combination?","authors":"Steven R. Rose, W. Cartwright","doi":"10.1080/17486830802513959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802513959","url":null,"abstract":"Privatization involves placing Social Security contributions into individual savings accounts. Recent moves to promote the privatization of Social Security in the United States assume that the Social Security system itself is now in crisis, although the evidence suggests otherwise. Nevertheless, there are real concerns about the future viability of Social Security that should be addressed. The public remains supportive of Social Security and all that appears necessary are minor modifications of the Social Security system, rather than its abandonment to the private sector.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"3 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123259017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830802513991
D. Jang
This paper examines cross-national variations in two major welfare state policies: income transfers and social care services. In comparative social policy research it has been recently acknowledged that policy development of income transfers differs from that of social care services. However, there has been little discussion of how to explain such variations. In this paper, it is argued that explaining such a between-policy variation requires an investigation of competing causal forces within and between economy, socio-demography, politics and institutions. Using qualitative comparative analysis, this paper scrutinizes between-policy variations among 11 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in terms of social spending level. The results suggest that the causal combination of demographic ageing and local fiscal autonomy determines the between-policy variations.
{"title":"Significance of variations between income transfers and social care services development","authors":"D. Jang","doi":"10.1080/17486830802513991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802513991","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines cross-national variations in two major welfare state policies: income transfers and social care services. In comparative social policy research it has been recently acknowledged that policy development of income transfers differs from that of social care services. However, there has been little discussion of how to explain such variations. In this paper, it is argued that explaining such a between-policy variation requires an investigation of competing causal forces within and between economy, socio-demography, politics and institutions. Using qualitative comparative analysis, this paper scrutinizes between-policy variations among 11 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in terms of social spending level. The results suggest that the causal combination of demographic ageing and local fiscal autonomy determines the between-policy variations.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128368838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830802514049
M. Lusk, F. Lucas
The social professions are increasingly becoming aware of the growth of a “new slavery” in which millions of people, including children, are held in debt bondage or other enslavement. Modern slavery has emerged over the past three decades, facilitated by the globalization of industry and the development of sex tourism. This paper summarizes contemporary global slavery and trafficking, identifies risk factors, and presents what can be done to prevent and eradicate it.
{"title":"The challenge of human trafficking and contemporary slavery","authors":"M. Lusk, F. Lucas","doi":"10.1080/17486830802514049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802514049","url":null,"abstract":"The social professions are increasingly becoming aware of the growth of a “new slavery” in which millions of people, including children, are held in debt bondage or other enslavement. Modern slavery has emerged over the past three decades, facilitated by the globalization of industry and the development of sex tourism. This paper summarizes contemporary global slavery and trafficking, identifies risk factors, and presents what can be done to prevent and eradicate it.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115270924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830802514072
Brij Mohan
This article unravels an array of possibilities about the much-hyped Post-American World. Notwithstanding the current Wall Street financial meltdown, war against terrorism, globalization and echoes of the new Cold War, the developing nations, including India and China, continue to muddle through a schizophrenic phase of social development that warrants dispassionate analysis.
{"title":"The fall and rise of the Third World","authors":"Brij Mohan","doi":"10.1080/17486830802514072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802514072","url":null,"abstract":"This article unravels an array of possibilities about the much-hyped Post-American World. Notwithstanding the current Wall Street financial meltdown, war against terrorism, globalization and echoes of the new Cold War, the developing nations, including India and China, continue to muddle through a schizophrenic phase of social development that warrants dispassionate analysis.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126090334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830802514064
E. Depoy, S. Gilson
Given the primacy of global economics and marketing mind-sets, this article interrogates current views of diversity as a phenomenon of “bodies and backgrounds” design and branding. We begin by examining the concept of diversity and its lexical and conceptual history. We then briefly review relevant design and branding concepts and proceed to apply them to diversity. The article concludes with an analysis of design and branding as subversive and obstructive in advancing contemporary understandings of diversity, and asserts that adherence to bodies and backgrounds branding creates barriers to transformative global inclusion, tolerance, and human rights.
{"title":"Designer diversity: moving beyond categorical branding","authors":"E. Depoy, S. Gilson","doi":"10.1080/17486830802514064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802514064","url":null,"abstract":"Given the primacy of global economics and marketing mind-sets, this article interrogates current views of diversity as a phenomenon of “bodies and backgrounds” design and branding. We begin by examining the concept of diversity and its lexical and conceptual history. We then briefly review relevant design and branding concepts and proceed to apply them to diversity. The article concludes with an analysis of design and branding as subversive and obstructive in advancing contemporary understandings of diversity, and asserts that adherence to bodies and backgrounds branding creates barriers to transformative global inclusion, tolerance, and human rights.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130816169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-01DOI: 10.1080/17486830802513983
Raymond K. H. Chan, Ying Wang
Minban (non-state sector operated) education has already established a hold in the Chinese education system. Its development has been viewed as a product of the government's ongoing process of controlled decentralization, together with privatization of education services in the early 1980s. The high importance given to financial decentralization has created tension among different levels of government, and between the government and minban schools. There are also governance issues in this new institutional environment. It is argued that there should be more comprehensive decentralization, greater freedom accorded to individual schools, and guaranteed resources provided to support basic education.
{"title":"Controlled decentralization: minban education reform in China","authors":"Raymond K. H. Chan, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1080/17486830802513983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802513983","url":null,"abstract":"Minban (non-state sector operated) education has already established a hold in the Chinese education system. Its development has been viewed as a product of the government's ongoing process of controlled decentralization, together with privatization of education services in the early 1980s. The high importance given to financial decentralization has created tension among different levels of government, and between the government and minban schools. There are also governance issues in this new institutional environment. It is argued that there should be more comprehensive decentralization, greater freedom accorded to individual schools, and guaranteed resources provided to support basic education.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130573456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-21DOI: 10.1080/17486830802231180
S. Yu
Path-breaking reform measures have been launched recently to reform the retirement protection systems in both Hong Kong and urban China. In 2000, the Hong Kong government introduced the first compulsory retirement saving scheme intended to protect the entire workforce–the Mandatory Provident Fund. Since the early 1980s, the Chinese government has been attempting to develop a multi-pillar pension system to replace its previous pension system dominated by the State-owned Enterprises in urban China. This paper is intended to show that, despite these measures, the concept of path dependence has relevance to these reforms in Hong Kong and urban China. To meet this objective, the article discusses some significant similarities and differences of the causes, key features of the reforms in these two locations, and how these differences are related to the two governments’ attempts to address their earlier ways of providing welfare for retirees.
{"title":"The relevance of the concept of path dependence in path-breaking retirement protection reforms in Hong Kong and urban China","authors":"S. Yu","doi":"10.1080/17486830802231180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17486830802231180","url":null,"abstract":"Path-breaking reform measures have been launched recently to reform the retirement protection systems in both Hong Kong and urban China. In 2000, the Hong Kong government introduced the first compulsory retirement saving scheme intended to protect the entire workforce–the Mandatory Provident Fund. Since the early 1980s, the Chinese government has been attempting to develop a multi-pillar pension system to replace its previous pension system dominated by the State-owned Enterprises in urban China. This paper is intended to show that, despite these measures, the concept of path dependence has relevance to these reforms in Hong Kong and urban China. To meet this objective, the article discusses some significant similarities and differences of the causes, key features of the reforms in these two locations, and how these differences are related to the two governments’ attempts to address their earlier ways of providing welfare for retirees.","PeriodicalId":270572,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Social Welfare","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130562899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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