In the field of dynamic applications, specifically within automotive, pumping, and rolling sectors, there exists a noteworthy preference for the use of Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors. Projections show that, by the year 2030, BLDC motors are poised to supersede classic induction motors as the dominating force in industrial power transmission. This transformation, however, is accompanied by crucial issues and unresolved research challenges in the environment of BLDC motors.The core concern revolves around the dependability and endurance of BLDC motors. These motors presently encounter obstacles in achieving advanced fault tolerance, reduced electromagnetic interference, lowered acoustic noise, as well as mitigated flux and torque fluctuations. The path of closed-loop vector control emerges as a possible technique to address these challenges.In recent literature studies spanning the previous five years, a striking scarcity of exploration in the domain of BLDC motor controllers and design becomes clear. Furthermore, key areas such as the comparative study of existing vector control schemes, the increase of fault tolerance control, the attenuation of electromagnetic interference inside BLDC motor controllers, and other pivotal elements remain undiscovered. These research lacunae serve as a motivator for the undertaking of an intensive investigation to face the fundamental issues related with BLDC motors. BLDC motors have quickly become the motor of choice for electric vehicle (EV) applications due to the fact that they are reliable, simple, and energy efficient.This detailed survey goes deep into numerous sophisticated control strategies for BLDC motors. These encompass fault tolerance control, electromagnetic interference reduction, field orientation control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC), current shaping, input voltage control, intelligent control, drive-inverter topology, and the underlying operational principles aimed at the minimization of torque irregularities. Additionally, the study goes through the historical narrative of BLDC motors, the categorization of BLDC motor kinds, their structural complexity, mathematical modeling, and the standards that govern BLDC motor uses in varied industries.
{"title":"A comprehensive investigation of brushless direct current (bldc) motors: current state, advanced control strategies, and utilization systems","authors":"Suhair Akram, Mohanned Aljanabi","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024865","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of dynamic applications, specifically within automotive, pumping, and rolling sectors, there exists a noteworthy preference for the use of Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors. Projections show that, by the year 2030, BLDC motors are poised to supersede classic induction motors as the dominating force in industrial power transmission. This transformation, however, is accompanied by crucial issues and unresolved research challenges in the environment of BLDC motors.The core concern revolves around the dependability and endurance of BLDC motors. These motors presently encounter obstacles in achieving advanced fault tolerance, reduced electromagnetic interference, lowered acoustic noise, as well as mitigated flux and torque fluctuations. The path of closed-loop vector control emerges as a possible technique to address these challenges.In recent literature studies spanning the previous five years, a striking scarcity of exploration in the domain of BLDC motor controllers and design becomes clear. Furthermore, key areas such as the comparative study of existing vector control schemes, the increase of fault tolerance control, the attenuation of electromagnetic interference inside BLDC motor controllers, and other pivotal elements remain undiscovered. These research lacunae serve as a motivator for the undertaking of an intensive investigation to face the fundamental issues related with BLDC motors. BLDC motors have quickly become the motor of choice for electric vehicle (EV) applications due to the fact that they are reliable, simple, and energy efficient.This detailed survey goes deep into numerous sophisticated control strategies for BLDC motors. These encompass fault tolerance control, electromagnetic interference reduction, field orientation control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC), current shaping, input voltage control, intelligent control, drive-inverter topology, and the underlying operational principles aimed at the minimization of torque irregularities. Additionally, the study goes through the historical narrative of BLDC motors, the categorization of BLDC motor kinds, their structural complexity, mathematical modeling, and the standards that govern BLDC motor uses in varied industries.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work is to study the effects of several wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters, such as the servo voltage (SV), the pulse on time (TON), and the pulse off time (TOFF) on the surface finish (SR) and the kerf width (KW) of stainless steel 304 as a workpiece material. A multi-responses optimization approach based on Grey relational analysis has been designed, and it was discovered that the main affecting factor is the pulse on time followed by the servo voltage. According to the data, the grey relation analysis (GRA) grade for the second trial, including (a servo voltage of 14V, a pulse on time of 100µs, and a pulse off time of 45µs), was the optimum combination of settings that may concurrently optimize all of the specified response qualities. By utilizing the regression analysis, the mathematical equations illustrating the link between the input parameters and the responses have been established. In particular, the findings of this article will assist manufacturing engineers in selecting an optimal set of process parameters for machining stainless steel (SS304) grade.
{"title":"Multi Responses Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) Parameters of Tool Steel Using Grey Relation Analysis","authors":"Huda Anwar, S. K. Shather, Waqass Khudhir","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024861","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to study the effects of several wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters, such as the servo voltage (SV), the pulse on time (TON), and the pulse off time (TOFF) on the surface finish (SR) and the kerf width (KW) of stainless steel 304 as a workpiece material. A multi-responses optimization approach based on Grey relational analysis has been designed, and it was discovered that the main affecting factor is the pulse on time followed by the servo voltage. According to the data, the grey relation analysis (GRA) grade for the second trial, including (a servo voltage of 14V, a pulse on time of 100µs, and a pulse off time of 45µs), was the optimum combination of settings that may concurrently optimize all of the specified response qualities. By utilizing the regression analysis, the mathematical equations illustrating the link between the input parameters and the responses have been established. In particular, the findings of this article will assist manufacturing engineers in selecting an optimal set of process parameters for machining stainless steel (SS304) grade.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geotechnical engineering, similar to other branches of engineering, must adapt and progress in accordance with contemporary technological advancements. The present investigation endeavors to examine the spatial correlations between soil characteristics, such as Undrained Shear Strength (Su) and Bearing Capacity of shallow footing (qu), across various regions within the city of Falluja. This city experienced significant infrastructure devastation subsequent to the year 2017, necessitating the need to keep up with the rapid development occurring in this locality. Consequently, it is imperative to devise the most expeditious means of acquiring preliminary data at the most cost-effective rate and within the shortest timeframe. For this study, The NOVOSPT was used to test and evaluate the (SPT) standard penetration test readings to obtain the values of soil properties for the research area using the 149 test holes in the study area. These values were used to generate a digital geotechnical map of the urban area utilizing the Geographic Information System (GIS). This map accurately depicts the spatial distribution of geotechnical characteristics that can be promptly accessed whenever required, thereby resulting in time and cost savings for engineers.
{"title":"Using GIS Tools for the Prediction of Bearing Capacity of shallow footing (qu)and Undrained Shear Strength (Su) values for Falluja City's Soils","authors":"Maria Y Abood, Khalid R Aljanabi, Khamis Sayl","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024843","url":null,"abstract":"Geotechnical engineering, similar to other branches of engineering, must adapt and progress in accordance with contemporary technological advancements. The present investigation endeavors to examine the spatial correlations between soil characteristics, such as Undrained Shear Strength (Su) and Bearing Capacity of shallow footing (qu), across various regions within the city of Falluja. This city experienced significant infrastructure devastation subsequent to the year 2017, necessitating the need to keep up with the rapid development occurring in this locality. Consequently, it is imperative to devise the most expeditious means of acquiring preliminary data at the most cost-effective rate and within the shortest timeframe. For this study, The NOVOSPT was used to test and evaluate the (SPT) standard penetration test readings to obtain the values of soil properties for the research area using the 149 test holes in the study area. These values were used to generate a digital geotechnical map of the urban area utilizing the Geographic Information System (GIS). This map accurately depicts the spatial distribution of geotechnical characteristics that can be promptly accessed whenever required, thereby resulting in time and cost savings for engineers.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In fact, most civil engineering projects are subjected to cyclic loads. The sources of this load are usually seismic, wind, sea waves, and others. Model tests in sandy soil were performed to determine the maximum bending moment at which a pile group (2x2) would respond under one-way lateral cyclic loading. The group pile was made of aluminum piles that were installed in sandy soil with a 70% relative density and three-pile spacing of (3D, 5D, and 7D). The cyclic loads ratio (CLR) used are (0.6, 0,0,8, and 1.0) that is a result from average lateral static load. It can be concluded that an increase in group pile spacing can reduce the maximum bending moment by up to 92%. In addition, As the distance increases, the bending moment decreases, the front pile group provides a greater maximum bending moment than the back rows, as the maximum value in comparison reached 53%.
{"title":"Estimation of The Maximum Bending Moment on Pile Group Under One-Way Cyclic Loading in Sandy Soil","authors":"Saif Samir Abdulhafiz, J. M. Abbas","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024841","url":null,"abstract":"In fact, most civil engineering projects are subjected to cyclic loads. The sources of this load are usually seismic, wind, sea waves, and others. Model tests in sandy soil were performed to determine the maximum bending moment at which a pile group (2x2) would respond under one-way lateral cyclic loading. The group pile was made of aluminum piles that were installed in sandy soil with a 70% relative density and three-pile spacing of (3D, 5D, and 7D). The cyclic loads ratio (CLR) used are (0.6, 0,0,8, and 1.0) that is a result from average lateral static load. It can be concluded that an increase in group pile spacing can reduce the maximum bending moment by up to 92%. In addition, As the distance increases, the bending moment decreases, the front pile group provides a greater maximum bending moment than the back rows, as the maximum value in comparison reached 53%.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, and whose current treatment focuses on the control of symptoms, which is why in recent years several therapies have been evaluated, including Antisense oligonucleotides a promising strategy, thanks to their ability to modulate the expression of the mutated huntingtin protein.Methods:A bibliographic search was carried out using the PRISMA methodology in databases such as PubMed, limited to documents in English published during the last 5 years, using keywords such as "Huntington's Disease", "Antisense Oligonucleotides", "Treatment" “Tominersen”, selecting only documents such as original articles, bibliographic reviews and clinical trial reports related to the use of Antisense Oligonucleotides as therapy for Huntington's Disease.Results:150 articles were collected and analyzed, of which 30 documents were excluded due to their age and 40 due to lack of access and quality of information, leaving a total of 80 articles to which inclusion criteria were applied, selecting 25 articles for completion. of this literature review on the use of antisense oligonucleotides in Huntington's diseaseConclusion: Antisense oligonucleotides show great therapeutic potential for Huntington's disease by directly attacking the underlying cause of the disease, mutated huntingtin. However, significant challenges still remain, which is why better research is needed to ensure efficacy. and safety of this therapy in the long term.
{"title":"Review of the Use of Antisense Oligonucleotides as Therapy for Huntington's Disease","authors":"Ariel Solis-Chiriboga, A. Bustillos","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024923","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, and whose current treatment focuses on the control of symptoms, which is why in recent years several therapies have been evaluated, including Antisense oligonucleotides a promising strategy, thanks to their ability to modulate the expression of the mutated huntingtin protein.Methods:A bibliographic search was carried out using the PRISMA methodology in databases such as PubMed, limited to documents in English published during the last 5 years, using keywords such as \"Huntington's Disease\", \"Antisense Oligonucleotides\", \"Treatment\" “Tominersen”, selecting only documents such as original articles, bibliographic reviews and clinical trial reports related to the use of Antisense Oligonucleotides as therapy for Huntington's Disease.Results:150 articles were collected and analyzed, of which 30 documents were excluded due to their age and 40 due to lack of access and quality of information, leaving a total of 80 articles to which inclusion criteria were applied, selecting 25 articles for completion. of this literature review on the use of antisense oligonucleotides in Huntington's diseaseConclusion: Antisense oligonucleotides show great therapeutic potential for Huntington's disease by directly attacking the underlying cause of the disease, mutated huntingtin. However, significant challenges still remain, which is why better research is needed to ensure efficacy. and safety of this therapy in the long term.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":"139 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune, chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system that affects the myelin sheaths, producing a dysfunction in the nerve impulse, it is one of the main causes of neurological disability in young adults. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this disease, but there are many treatments to mitigate the outbreaks and progression of the disease. One of the promising drugs is ocrelizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the CD20 antigen of B cells that has recently been approved by the US (Food and Drug Administration) and European (European Medicines Agency) health agencies for the treatment of sclerosis. multiplex (MS) and is the first drug to be marketed for both relapsingremitting MS (RRMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS). Material and methods: A bibliographic search will be carried out in the different scientific databases, in order to investigate the role of ocrelizumab in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Conclusion: MS is a disease that so far has no cure; however, a wide range of treatments are available that must be chosen according to the patient and his need. Within the vast range of treatment arises monoclonal antibodies that are specialized glycoproteins that are part of the immune system, produced by B cells, with the ability to recognize specific molecules (antigens). They are among the most promising agents for the treatment of MS. The most Used is ocrelizumab.
导言：多发性硬化症是一种自身免疫性、慢性、进行性中枢神经系统疾病，会影响髓鞘，导致神经冲动功能障碍，是青壮年神经残疾的主要原因之一。遗憾的是，这种疾病目前尚无根治方法，但有许多治疗方法可以缓解疾病的爆发和进展。ocrelizumab 是一种针对 B 细胞 CD20 抗原的人源化单克隆抗体，最近已被美国（食品与药物管理局）和欧洲（欧洲药品管理局）卫生机构批准用于治疗多发性硬化症（MS），也是第一种同时用于复发缓解型多发性硬化症（RRMS）和原发性进展型多发性硬化症（PPMS）的上市药物。材料和方法：将在不同的科学数据库中进行文献检索，以研究奥克立珠单抗在治疗多发性硬化症中的作用。结论多发性硬化症是一种至今无法治愈的疾病，但有多种治疗方法可供选择，必须根据患者及其需求进行选择。在众多治疗方法中，单克隆抗体是一种特殊的糖蛋白，是免疫系统的一部分，由 B 细胞产生，具有识别特定分子（抗原）的能力。它们是治疗多发性硬化症最有前景的药物之一。最常用的是奥克立珠单抗。
{"title":"Ocrelizumab and its role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"María Lucía Campos, Marcelo Adrian Adrian Estrin","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024924","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune, chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system that affects the myelin sheaths, producing a dysfunction in the nerve impulse, it is one of the main causes of neurological disability in young adults. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this disease, but there are many treatments to mitigate the outbreaks and progression of the disease. One of the promising drugs is ocrelizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the CD20 antigen of B cells that has recently been approved by the US (Food and Drug Administration) and European (European Medicines Agency) health agencies for the treatment of sclerosis. multiplex (MS) and is the first drug to be marketed for both relapsingremitting MS (RRMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS). Material and methods: A bibliographic search will be carried out in the different scientific databases, in order to investigate the role of ocrelizumab in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Conclusion: MS is a disease that so far has no cure; however, a wide range of treatments are available that must be chosen according to the patient and his need. Within the vast range of treatment arises monoclonal antibodies that are specialized glycoproteins that are part of the immune system, produced by B cells, with the ability to recognize specific molecules (antigens). They are among the most promising agents for the treatment of MS. The most Used is ocrelizumab.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":"87 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research examines the behavior and reactions of six double-web steel sections of non-composite and composite-reinforced concrete deck slabs and castellated steel beams. The composite beams with concrete slabs and non-composite steel beams with different levels of castellation were isolated from the specimens at 0%, 25%, and 50%. The ultimate strength, load at cracking, failure mechanism, load/deflection relationship at midspan, stiffness, and ductility were evaluated. The concrete slab increased the ultimate load by 61.1%, 63.3%, and 55.5% for castellation ratios of 0%, 25%, and 50%, respectively. The non-composite and composite castellated beams' shear strength decreased as the expansion ratio increased. The angle twist of non-composite samples was greater than that of composite samples due to their greater ductility and lower stiffness. The concrete slab also restricted the samples and reduced their rotation.
{"title":"Effect of Concrete Slab on Built-up Double Web Castellated Steel Beam under Combined Flexural and Torsion Load","authors":"Farroq A Abass, Alaa M. Al-Khekany","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024840","url":null,"abstract":"The research examines the behavior and reactions of six double-web steel sections of non-composite and composite-reinforced concrete deck slabs and castellated steel beams. The composite beams with concrete slabs and non-composite steel beams with different levels of castellation were isolated from the specimens at 0%, 25%, and 50%. The ultimate strength, load at cracking, failure mechanism, load/deflection relationship at midspan, stiffness, and ductility were evaluated. The concrete slab increased the ultimate load by 61.1%, 63.3%, and 55.5% for castellation ratios of 0%, 25%, and 50%, respectively. The non-composite and composite castellated beams' shear strength decreased as the expansion ratio increased. The angle twist of non-composite samples was greater than that of composite samples due to their greater ductility and lower stiffness. The concrete slab also restricted the samples and reduced their rotation.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work evaluates experimentally the corrosion and tip testing of Ti-13Zr-13Nb joint implant alloys and commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) covered with YSZ nanoceramic. Through the use of the Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) approach, the dip coating process produced a thin sticky covering. The effects of temperature, YSZ concentration, duration, and the level of Ti alloy substrate grinding during dip coating were investigated using a L9-type orthogonal Taguchi array to determine the deposition yield. The thickness and adhesion tests that were utilized to optimize the dip coating conditions served as the input data, and the Ti alloys were coated using the ideal dip coating technique parameters as previously mentioned. For commercial Ti, the ideal values for YSZ coating thickness and adhesion were 60°C, 10 seconds, 10% concentration, and 250 degrees of grinding; correspondingly, for Ti-13Zr-13Nb, the ideal values were 60°C, 10 seconds, 15% concentration, and 400 degrees of grinding. For both Cp-Ti and Ti-13Zr-13Nb, the obtained thickness and removal area (adhesion) were 58.5µm and 11.45%, respectively, and 69.5µm and 9.33%, respectively. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images were used to study the coated alloys; optical microscopy and AFM were used to identify the microstructure and thickness measurements of the coated surfaces; EDAX was used to analyze the coating composition; and XRD was used to analyze the formed phases. The optimized coated Ti alloys' corrosion resistance was investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF) using electrochemical methods such as cyclic polarization and Tafel polarization, and the adhesion strength of the coatings was measured using a tip tester. The following corrosion-resistant values were used to compare Ti-13Zr-13Nb and coated Cp-Ti: In Ringer's solution at 37°C, both coating alloys—Cp-Ti and Ti-13Zr-13Nb—improved corrosion resistance; however, the coated Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy demonstrated greater corrosion resistance than the coated Cp-Ti alloy (5.417×10-3 and 1.042×10-2, respectively).
{"title":"A Comparative Study on Dip Coating and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-13Zr-13Nb and Commercially Pure Titanium Alloys Coated with YSZ by Taguchi Design","authors":"Marwan B. Hussein, Ali M. Mustafa, M. Abdulkareem","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024847","url":null,"abstract":"This work evaluates experimentally the corrosion and tip testing of Ti-13Zr-13Nb joint implant alloys and commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) covered with YSZ nanoceramic. Through the use of the Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) approach, the dip coating process produced a thin sticky covering. The effects of temperature, YSZ concentration, duration, and the level of Ti alloy substrate grinding during dip coating were investigated using a L9-type orthogonal Taguchi array to determine the deposition yield. The thickness and adhesion tests that were utilized to optimize the dip coating conditions served as the input data, and the Ti alloys were coated using the ideal dip coating technique parameters as previously mentioned. For commercial Ti, the ideal values for YSZ coating thickness and adhesion were 60°C, 10 seconds, 10% concentration, and 250 degrees of grinding; correspondingly, for Ti-13Zr-13Nb, the ideal values were 60°C, 10 seconds, 15% concentration, and 400 degrees of grinding. For both Cp-Ti and Ti-13Zr-13Nb, the obtained thickness and removal area (adhesion) were 58.5µm and 11.45%, respectively, and 69.5µm and 9.33%, respectively. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images were used to study the coated alloys; optical microscopy and AFM were used to identify the microstructure and thickness measurements of the coated surfaces; EDAX was used to analyze the coating composition; and XRD was used to analyze the formed phases. The optimized coated Ti alloys' corrosion resistance was investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF) using electrochemical methods such as cyclic polarization and Tafel polarization, and the adhesion strength of the coatings was measured using a tip tester. The following corrosion-resistant values were used to compare Ti-13Zr-13Nb and coated Cp-Ti: In Ringer's solution at 37°C, both coating alloys—Cp-Ti and Ti-13Zr-13Nb—improved corrosion resistance; however, the coated Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy demonstrated greater corrosion resistance than the coated Cp-Ti alloy (5.417×10-3 and 1.042×10-2, respectively).","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research was to examine the factors associated in decision-making processes for the selection and evaluation of optimal sites for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The data for this study was collected by an established questionnaire, which received responses from a total of 62 engineers with various specialties These engineers are employed in both the public and private sectors. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were investigated with the use of Cronbach's Alpha, which showed that the results were consistent with acceptable standards. The Relative Importance Index (RII) technique was employed to evaluate the responses for the 31 factors. The study's findings indicate that the distance from population settlements had the highest level of importance according to the RII scale. This was followed by the distance from wells or groundwater, and then the distance from historical and religious areas. The temperature factor had the lowest RII score in this research.
{"title":"Factors affecting the decision-making of appropriate sites for WWTPs","authors":"Wesam Mahmood, Wadhah Amer Hatem","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024839","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to examine the factors associated in decision-making processes for the selection and evaluation of optimal sites for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The data for this study was collected by an established questionnaire, which received responses from a total of 62 engineers with various specialties These engineers are employed in both the public and private sectors. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were investigated with the use of Cronbach's Alpha, which showed that the results were consistent with acceptable standards. The Relative Importance Index (RII) technique was employed to evaluate the responses for the 31 factors. The study's findings indicate that the distance from population settlements had the highest level of importance according to the RII scale. This was followed by the distance from wells or groundwater, and then the distance from historical and religious areas. The temperature factor had the lowest RII score in this research.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":"8 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current work addresses the effect of compaction pressure on durability against water ingress, compression behavior, and thermal conductivity of rammed earth specimens stabilized with fly ash geopolymer. These properties were investigated for specimens made from 25% fly ash and proportions of sand, silt, and clay. The fly ash was activated with 2M sodium hydroxide solution, and the specimens were compacted statically to 5, 10, or 25 MPa. Reference mixtures containing the raw material (i.e., sand, silt, and clay) were also prepared for comparison. The results of the durability test on stabilized specimens indicated excellent resistance to deterioration caused by water ingress, unlike those made from raw materials which almost failed completely. The materials elastic stiffness and compressive strength were both improved substantially with the inclusion of fly ash geopolymer and with compaction pressure increase. The inclusion of geopolymer resulted in 6 to 10 folds improvement in the compressive strength. For instance, the stabilized specimens provided a compressive strength of 2.7 MPa when compacted to 5 MPa, compared to only 0.3 MPa provided by the unstabilized specimen. Likewise, an increase in compaction pressure from 5 to 25 MPa, resulted in an increase of 56% in the compressive strength. The thermal conductivity of the stabilized material was in the order of 0.4-0.5 W/ (m.K) and was considered relatively low comparing to that of other competitors such as normal concrete and even lower than that of the raw material by about 18%. The thermal conductivity increased by about 20% with compaction pressure increase from 5 to 25 MPa. It seems that the increase in the stiffness and strength with compaction pressure increase can compensate the small undesirable increase in the thermal conductivity
{"title":"Effect of Compaction Pressure on a Stabilized Rammed Earth Behavior","authors":"Ahmed K Ftaikhan, Muayad A. Al-Sharrad","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024821","url":null,"abstract":"The current work addresses the effect of compaction pressure on durability against water ingress, compression behavior, and thermal conductivity of rammed earth specimens stabilized with fly ash geopolymer. These properties were investigated for specimens made from 25% fly ash and proportions of sand, silt, and clay. The fly ash was activated with 2M sodium hydroxide solution, and the specimens were compacted statically to 5, 10, or 25 MPa. Reference mixtures containing the raw material (i.e., sand, silt, and clay) were also prepared for comparison. The results of the durability test on stabilized specimens indicated excellent resistance to deterioration caused by water ingress, unlike those made from raw materials which almost failed completely. The materials elastic stiffness and compressive strength were both improved substantially with the inclusion of fly ash geopolymer and with compaction pressure increase. The inclusion of geopolymer resulted in 6 to 10 folds improvement in the compressive strength. For instance, the stabilized specimens provided a compressive strength of 2.7 MPa when compacted to 5 MPa, compared to only 0.3 MPa provided by the unstabilized specimen. Likewise, an increase in compaction pressure from 5 to 25 MPa, resulted in an increase of 56% in the compressive strength. The thermal conductivity of the stabilized material was in the order of 0.4-0.5 W/ (m.K) and was considered relatively low comparing to that of other competitors such as normal concrete and even lower than that of the raw material by about 18%. The thermal conductivity increased by about 20% with compaction pressure increase from 5 to 25 MPa. It seems that the increase in the stiffness and strength with compaction pressure increase can compensate the small undesirable increase in the thermal conductivity","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":"85 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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